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Overview of Week 6 October 3-October 7, 2016 Concept: Geography and Civilization Essential Questions: How do people get the things that they need and want? What does it mean to be an organized civilization? Weekly Objective: Good Historians will … 1. 2. Identify basic needs of Early Civilizations (Food, Water, and Shelter) and work together to create a small civilization in which the members are able to survive by working together. LIST GROUP & LABEL all know people, places, events and ideas of Early Civilizations using Primary and Secondary Source Documents. Transfer Goal: Students will be able to independently use their learning to analyze and evaluate the emergence of civilizations, societies, and regions over time. Quote of the Week: “Everything that is done in the world is done by hope” ~Martin Luther Quote of the Week: “Everything that is done in the world is done by hope” ~Martin Luther Monday, October 3, 2016 Essential Questions: How do people get the things that they need and want? What does it mean to be an organized civilization? Weekly Objective: Good Historians will … Compare Early Civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus River Valley, and China Social Studies ● Review the Elements of Civilizations. Complete the Ranking Activity To-Do Upon Arrival Find your new Assigned Seats • Pick up your ● Farming Chart in Comp. Book Composition Books and “Atlas of the ● “Atlas of World History” World” book and Students will work together worksheet to discuss Agriculture, Early ● Pass out Progress Settlements, and Civilization Reports! in Ancient Mesopotamia Quote of the Week: • No Homework Packet today! “Everything that is done in Get Progress Reports Signed the world is done by hope” ~Martin Luther Tuesday, October 4, 2016 Essential Questions: How do people get the things that they need and want? What does it mean to be an organized civilization? Weekly Objective: Good Historians will … Compare Early Civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus River Valley, and China Social Studies Lesson • Discuss First Civilizations and why settlements were established in areas with Rivers, Fertile Soil, Forests, and Mountains • Create “First Civilizations” Chart • Within your group, Rank the 4 Geographical Areas in order of importance. Place your civilization on the map in the front of the classroom. • • Begin Lesson on Ancient Mesopotamia. • (See Tuesday’s Slides.) Warm-Up SEE BOARD Create “First Civilizations” Chart on the next clean page of your SS Comp. Book Quote of the Week: “Everything that is done in the world is done by hope” ~Martin Luther Wednesday, October 5, 2016 Essential Questions: How do people get the things that they need and want? What does it mean to be an organized civilization? Weekly Objective: Good Historians will … Compare Early Civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus River Valley, and China Social Studies Warm-Up • Ancient Mesopotamia Slide Presentations and Note to Self Open List Group Label Notes Activity Document on Shared Drive! • (See Tuesday and Wednesday slides at the end of this document.) • All of the Slides, Notes and Links are there. Quote of the Week: This lesson will be “Everything that is done in presented in a Discussion the world is done by hope” ~Martin Luther Format. Thursday, October 6, 2016 Essential Questions: How do people get the things that they need and want? What does it mean to be an organized civilization? Weekly Objective: Good Historians will … Compare Early Civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus River Valley, and China Social Studies • “List Group Label” Mesopotamia. • Discuss as a Group. • Take the Early Civilizations Quiz Warm-Up Get out Sticky Notes. Answer ONE of the following Questions: 1. Why was Mesopotamia a civilization? • 2. Why was Mesopotamia successful? 3. Write a sentence about Grade: one thing you learned • Early Civilizations Quiz about Mesopotamia. Quote of the Week: “Everything that is done in the world is done by hope” ~Martin Luther List, Group, and Label Activity See the “List Group Label” Google Slide Presentation for Directions Friday, October 7, 2016 Essential Questions: How do people get the things that they need and want? What does it mean to be an organized civilization? Weekly Objective: Good Historians will … Compare Early Civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus River Valley, and China Social Studies 1. Begin the Study of the Ancient EGYPT!!! REMINDERS! • Quote of the Week: “Everything that is done in the world is done by hope” ~Martin Luther Guiding Questions Guiding Questions: 1. These early civilizations were the first to form politically centralized societies. Why were they able to do so? 2. What commonalities do you see among the early civilizations? 3. What distinguishing characteristics set each civilization apart? Explain how they were able to form a unique identify from the other civilizations. 4. What role did geography play in the development of these early civilizations? Explain. Monday’s Lesson/Slides (See Above) Tuesday and Wednesday Lesson/Slides Ancient Mesopotamia “The Fertile Crescent” “Land Between Two Rivers” “Cradle of civilization” 1. Cornell Note taking Divide your paper like this example 2. The column on the left is for Key Terms and Ideas 3. The large box to the right is for writing notes. 4. Skip a line between ideas and topics. 5. Don't use complete sentences. Use abbreviations when possible. Introduction ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA song by Mr. Nicky • Early Civilizations RAP Video Notes Songhttps://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=fdblRch6 m3g Review/Things to Know/ Remember • River Valleys were prime locations for cultures to develop into civilizations- good for travel, trade, and farming. Other things a civilization would want to settle near would be Mountains to shelter from weather and enemies who may attack, Fertile Soil that is good for farming, and Forests to get supplies and wood for fire or shelter. • A civilization is a highly developed culture complete with religion, government, social class structure, and writing system. What were the other 4 elements? Fertile Crescent • Eastern part of Fertile Crescent • Area of the Middle East where civilization began • Present day – Iraq (Syria and Turkey) • “Land between 2 Rivers” – 1. Tigris River – 2. Euphrates River Great place to grow crops due to fertile soil and being close to the rivers for irrigation What geographical features were the reasons Mesopotamians settled here? Ancient Civilizations for Children Video • Show the students “Ancient Mesopotamia” (Minutes 6-12) What were City States? The earliest known people of the Fertile Crescent were the Sumerians. They lived in southern Mesopotamia in a number of independent city-states. Each city-state consisted of a small city and its surrounding area. The rulers of these city-states constantly warred with one another for control of land and water. For protection, people turned to courageous and resourceful war leaders. The ruler of each city state was responsible for maintaining the city walls and the irrigation systems. He led armies in war and enforced the laws. The ruler also had religious duties. He was seen as the chief servant of the gods and led ceremonies designed to please them. Hammurabi • Hammurabi was the king of the city-state of Babylon. About 1800BC, Hammurabi conquered the nearby city-states and created the kingdom of Babylonia. • The Code of Hammurabi were laws engraved in stone and placed in a public location. Hammurabi required that people be responsible for their actions. • Some of Hammurabi’s laws were based on the principle “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.” Hammurabi continued… • 282 laws • Laws for trade, loans, theft, marriage, injury, and murder. • Ideas still in laws today. • Specific penalties with class specification. • Written for all to see. • Example: Law 196. If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. • Hammurabi ruled for 42 years and the Babylonian Empire fell shortly after his death Hammurabi's Code Video Cuneiform • By 3200 B.C., the Sumerians had invented the earliest known form of writing called cuneiform. • The Sumerians employed a sharp-pointed instrument made from a reed- called a stylus - to inscribe wedge-shaped characters on soft clay tablets, which were then hardened by baking in the sun. Cuneiform Writing As time progressed, Cuneiform changed a bit (from more pictures into characters or symbols), see the chart below. Deciphering Cuneiform Hammurabi’s Code Written in Cuneiform Scribes • During this time, everyone could NOT read and write. That was the job of a scribe. • Scribes were society’s record keepers and served the needs of the temple, royal government and businesses. • Most scribes were children of government officials, priests and wealthy merchants (a.k.a. a higher class) • Scribe school lasted from sunrise to sunset. • There were 600 different characters to memorize • Scribes read out loud to audiences since most people could not read. – For example, Hammurabi’s code/laws were posted in a public place. Scribes would periodically have to read them aloud to groups of people so they would know the laws. Religion • Sumerians were polytheistic, worshipping or believing in many gods. These gods were thought to control every aspect of life, especially the forces of nature. • Each city-state had its own special god or goddess to whom people prayed and offered sacrifices of animals, grain, and wine. • They believed in an afterlife. At death, a person descended into a grim underworld from which there was no release. Ziggurats were pyramid-temples that soared toward the heavens. Their sloping sides had wide steps that were sometimes planted with trees and shrubs. On top of each ziggurat stood a shrine to the chief god or goddess of the city. Ziggurat at Ur ▪ Temple ▪ “Mountain of the Gods” The Class System Three Major Classes – Highest class: the ruling family, leading officials, & high priests. – Middle class: merchants, artisans, and lesser priests and scribes. – Bottom: majority of people who were peasant farmers. Some had their own land, but most worked land belonging to the king or temples. Sumerians also owned slaves. Most slaves had been captured in war. Some had sold themselves into slavery to pay their debts. But once they paid the debt, their masters had to set them free. Mesopotamian Trade “The Cuneiform World” Literature A long, narrative Sumerian poem, The Epic of Gilgamesh, is one of the oldest works of literature in the world. This epic is a collection of stories about a hero named Gilgamesh. In one of these Gilgamesh travels the world in search of eternal life. On his journey, he meets the sole survivor of a great flood that destroyed the world. Gilgamesh Epic Tablet: Flood Story Epic of Gilgamesh Video Summary Farming/Irrigation • Using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water to restore nutrients to the soil. • This was a type of irrigation they used to get water to their crops from the river. Notes Songhttps://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=fdblRch6 m3g Review ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA song by Mr. Nicky • Early Civilizations RAP Video Life of a Sumerian • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=024d7 6bf-f379-4353-b4be-6c04d9744dec# • What events and other records did the ancient Sumerians document? • How did the Sumerians write down their laws, myths, and other records? • What was the importance of scribes in Mesopotamia? • What is the moral of the story of Gilgamesh Mesopotamia Vocabulary • Read the definitions on your paper, & choose the correct vocabulary term from below. • Then write down Key Words & draw Pictures to help you remember the term. Polytheism Hammurabi’s Code Fertile Crescent Epics Surplus Division of labor Ziggurat Pictographs Monarch Canals Cuneiform Priest Irrigation Empire City-State Thursday’s Lesson/Slides List-Group-Label Lesson/Slides Friday’s Lesson/Slides