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Classification
Classification
Classification:
the process of
putting similar things into logical
groups
Taxonomy
Taxonomy:
the science of
classifying organisms
Developed
by Linnaeus
Aristotle
 Aristotle:
Greek Philosopher (384-322
B.C.E.), groups organisms into two groups:
plants, animals
1. Animal
a. blooded animals- included birds,
mammals,
b. bloodless animals – without red
blood (octopus, insects)
c. Where they lived (land, sea, air)
Aristotle
Plants
a.
shrubs
b. herbs
c. trees
Classification
Linnaeus: Swedish Botanist,
developed classification system
that is the foundation for
today’s classification system
Gave everyone a scientific
name
Binomial nomenclature AKA:
 Each
species assigned a two-part
scientific name
 The scientific name is always written in
italics, first word capitalized
Binomial nomenclature AKA:
 The
second word in the name is lower
case
 The species name is usually some
important trait of the organism
Binomial nomenclature:
 Don’t
write this one down: the scientific
name is always based on traits that the
organism possess.
 Example: Haliaeetus leucocephalus;
hali = sea, aeetus = eagle, leuco =
white, cephalis = head
Bald Eagle
Binomial nomenclature AKA:
 The
second word in the name is lower
case
 The species name is usually some
important trait of the organism
 This binomial name is the genus and
species of the organism
 So the Bald Ealge is from the genus…
 And its species name is…
Linnaeus’s Classification
System:
 Seven
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Levels: largest to smallest
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Linnaeus’s Classification System:
 Seven





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
Levels:
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Example: Human
1. Animalia
2. Chordata
3. Mammalia
4. Primates
5. Hominidae
6. Homo
7. H. sapien
Mnemonic Device

A way to remember the order of the classification
system
So you try…
(make up your own mnemonic device for
the order of the classification system)
Phylogeny:
evolutionary
history of an
species
We use
CLADOGRAMS
to show this
history
Flowers
Seeds
Vascular tissue
Anchors or Roots
Common Ancestor
Now you get to
classify sharks
Linnaeus
 Linnaeus
started
With only 2
kingdoms:
1.
2.
Plants (Plantae)
Animals (Animalia)
Later
Biologists
added a
microorganism
kingdom
Protista
Example:
Amoeba,
Some Algae
3.
Later
Mushrooms,
yeasts, and mold
were separated
from plants
4. Fungi
Later
Bacteria
were
separated from
Protista
5. Monera
Later
Monera
kingdom was
separated into
two groups
5.
6.
Eubacteria
Kingdom
Archaeabacteria
Kingdom
6 Kingdom System
This
now gives us the current
system of classification or
taxonomy that has 6
kindgoms
Unique Characteristics of Each Kingdom
Animalia
Example: MAMMALS
Unique Characteristics of Each Kingdom
Plantae
Example: Flowering Plants
Unique Characteristics of Each Kingdom
Fungi
Example: Mushrooms
Unique Characteristics of Each Kingdom
Protista
Example: Amoeba
Unique Characteristics of Each Kingdom
Archaea
Example: Halophiles
Unique Characteristics of Each Kingdom
Bacteria
Example: Streptococcus
Unique Characteristics of Each Kingdom
Kingdoms
Examples
Mode of
nutrition
Number of
cells
Cell type
Cell
structures
Domain
Animalia
Mammals
Hetrotroph
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
No cell walls;
No
chloroplasts
Eukarya
Plantae
Flowering
Plants
Autotroph
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Cell walls or
cellulose,
chloroplasts
Eukarya
Fungi
Mushrooms
Hetrotroph
Most
Eukaryotic
Cell walls of
chitin
Eukarya
Protista
Amoeba
Autotroph
or
Hetrotroph
Most
unicellular
Eukaryotic
Cell walls in
some,
chloroplasts
Eukarya
Archaea
Methanogens
Autotroph
or
Hetrotroph
unicellular
Prokaryotic
Cell walls
Archaea
Bacteria
Streptococcus
Autotroph
or
Hetrotroph
unicellular
Prokaryotic
Cell walls
Bacteria
Multicellular