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STEPS OF MITOSIS STEPS OF MITOSIS STEP ONE 1: Prophase In early prophase… The chromatin changes into chromosomes The nuclear membrane breaks down Parts called centrioles move to the ends of the cell PROPHASE CONTINUED… In Late Prophase Spindle fibers appear (made of microtubules) Polar spindles go across the entire cell Kinetochore fibers meet at the chromosomes Chromosomes are randomly positioned PROPHASE DIAGRAM Draw Diagram Color the chromosomes red & blue – like this diagram Label Chromosomes Spindle fibers (microtubules) Polar spindles Nuclear Membrane METAPHASE Kinetochore fibers move the chromosomes Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell METAPHASE DIAGRAM Draw Diagram Color the chromosomes red & blue – like this diagram Label Kinetochore fibers Chromosomes Polar Spindles Centromere ANAPHASE Centromere is pulled apart (this is where accidents can happen!) Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell ANAPHASE DIAGRAM Draw Diagram Color the chromosomes red & blue – like this diagram Label Sister Chromatids Kinetochore fibers Polar spindles REVIEW – COPY & ANSWER ON THE LEFT SIDE OF YOUR SIN In what phase do chromosomes first appear? In what phase do chromosomes separate into sister chromatids? TELOPHASE Chromatids are at opposite ends of the cell Chromosomes unwind back into chromatin Nuclear membrane re-forms Spindle vanishes “Clean-up phase” TELOPHASE DIAGRAM Draw Diagram Color the chromosomes red & blues – like this diagram Label Chromatids -> Chromatin Nuclear membrane Polar Spindles CYTOKINESIS Cytoplasm divides, one cell becomes two Plant cells make a cell plate between new cells Animal cells form a cleavage furrow CYTOKINESIS DIAGRAMS Draw Diagram Label Plant Cell Animal Cell Cleavage Furrow Cell Plate Nucleus Chromatin Cytoplasm VIDEOS Cell Cycle and Mitosis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcZQkmooyPk Cell Division & The Cell Cycle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6ucKWIIFmg Mr. Parr- Cell Division https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlV9hExXZnM YES, 20 points of extra credit if you write out all the lyrics by hand and turn in within 3 days of reading this. SIDE NOTE: MITOSIS GONE WRONG! During the cell cycle, there are a lot of checkpoints. Think of them like stoplights. Sometimes a mutation happens that turns these stoplights off. What happens then? Cells grow uncontrollably, also known as cancer. CANCER CELLS VS. NORMAL CELLS Cancer cells never stop growing Cancer cells never die, unless they run out of resources. HELA CELLS In 1951, cells were taken from Henrietta Lacks and used for many years in research. Henrietta did not give permission for her cells to be used, the law did not require that. These cells have been used in over 60,000 research projects, but Henrietta's family has not received any compensation for contribution to the research. Do you think the law should be changed? Should people be compensated for donating their cells to science?