Download Chapter 19 - In

Free Response on the AP Exam
• Two Parts: DBQ & Essay
• Let’s look at an example DBQ and introduce ourselves to exactly how
you will be scored.
Monday
December 5, 2016
Quiz: Chapter 19
• The South: Triggered
• 3rd Times a Charm, But Not for Clay
• You know when your mom gets really mad because
you accidentally do something way out of line in an
argument and now you are inevitably gonna get
into a huge fight, that's what the KS-NE Act was for
America
• Buyer's Remorse
• Clay Saves the Day
• Breaking Up More Than Taylor Swift
• No More Compromise
• Winfield Scott Ruins EVERYTHING
• California is running a "fever"! Let's "rush" him to
the hospital and pay the doctor in "gold!“
• Clay, Webster, and Calhoun: Find a More Iconic
Trio. I’ll Wait.
Tuesday
December 6, 2016
• Au in CA
• Maybe if we ignore the problem for long enough, it
will go away
• Seceding in the Rain
• It’s Not an Actual Railroad
• Amazing Race: Gold Rush Edition
• Keeping Up with the Kompromises
• A State Made of Gold
• Crazy Continued Congressional Confrontation
Unit 3: Testing the New Nation
1820-1877
•
•
•
•
Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860
Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy, 1841-1848
Chapter 18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle, 1848-1854
Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion, 1854-1861
• Exam: Chapters 16-19 – December 9th
• Chapter 20: Girding for War – The North and the South, 1861-1865
• Chapter 21: The Furnace of the Civil War, 1861-1865
• Chapter 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865-1877
• Exam: Chapters 20-22 – December 23rd
• NO UNIT ESSAY
Chapter 19
Drifting Toward Disunion, 18541861
“A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government
cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.”
Abraham Lincoln, 1858
I. Stowe and Helper: Literary Incendiaries
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)—Harriet Beecher Stowe
was determined to awaken the North to the
wickedness of slavery.
• 2GA Focus: inhumanity of slavery, especially the
splitting of families
• The Impending Crisis of the South (1857) by
Hinton R. Helper
• Hated slavery, but argued that non-slaveholding whites
were the greatest victims of slavery (think Free-Soilers)
• Southern aristocracy was especially wary of this book.
• Many southerners were infuriated by what they
saw as lies.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Meanwhile in Kansas . . .
II. The North-South Contest for Kansas
III. Kansas in Convulsion
• Popular sovereignty ruled in Nebraska & Kansas.
• WHY DID THIS COMPROMISE NOT WORK THE WAY IT
WAS INTENDED?
• Election Day (1855): Proslavery “border ruffians”
came from Missouri to vote early and often.
• Result: two governments in Kansas
• WHY MIGHT SOME CLAIM THE CIVIL WAR BEGAN
IN KANSAS, 1856?
• Lawrence, KS was burned by proslavery raiders in 1856 –
Welcome to “Bleeding Kansas”
• John Brown (extreme abolitionist) took revenge for
Lawrence at Pottawatomie Creek.
• Kansas applied for statehood on a popular
sovereignty basis w/Lecompton Constitution which
was rejected by Congress.
The aftermath of a proslavery raid on Lawrence, KS
IV. “Bully” Brooks and His Bludgeon - 1856
• WHAT THE STORY/OUTCOME OF POLITICAL
CARTOON?
• Senator Charles Sumner (MA) was a leading
abolitionist and openly condemned proslavery
men.
• Specifically referred to South Carolina senator –
Andrew Butler.
• Congressman Preston S. Brooks (SC) attacked
Sumner with a cane.
• Brooks resigned but was re-elected.
Massachusetts re-elected Sumner symbolically.
• North was infuriated.
• Many people joined the anti-slavery Republican
Party as a result.
Preston Brooks attacking Charles Sumner in
Congress
What is the objective of this political cartoon?
V. “Old Buck” Versus “The Pathfinder” – 1856
VI. The Electoral Fruits of 1856
• 1856: James Buchanan (D-PA) defeated John
C. Fremont (R)
• The Republicans were against the extension of
slavery.
• The Democrats supported popular sovereignty.
• Nativism was also an issue thanks to the Know
Nothing Party.
• Democrat victory: many northerners were
intimidated by threat of secession, so they
voted for Buchanan
• HOW WAS 1856 DIFFERENT 1860 THAN
1856?
Top: James Buchanan
Bottom: John C. Fremont
1856: Buchanan
(D) vs. Fremont The election that
decided who got to
be president
before Lincoln.
VII. The Dred Scott Bombshell - 1857
• The Case: Dred Scott v. Stanford before the Supreme Court
(1857)
• WHAT WERE THE FACTS OF THE CASE?
• Facts of the Case: Scott was a slave who had been taken into Illinois
(a free state) and sued for his freedom based on this fact.
• WHAT DID THE SUPREME COURT DECIDE?
• The Decision: Dred Scott was a black slave and not a citizen, and
hence could not sue in federal courts.
• The Court could then have thrown out the case on these technical
grounds alone.
• Chief Justice Roger Taney took things further: decreed that because a
slave was private property, he or she could be taken into any territory
and legally held there in slavery.
• Justification of Decision: the Fifth Amendment—forbade Congress to
deprive people of their property without due process of law
• Southern victory, but many northern Republicans ignored the court’s
ruling – just as they had ignored Fugitive Slave Act.
Wednesday
December 7, 2016
Top: Roger B. Taney
Bottom Left: Dred Scott
VIII. The Financial Crash of 1857
• Panic of 1857: why the crash?
• Inpouring California gold helped to inflate the currency
• The demands of the Crimean War (Russia, 1853-1856) overstimulated the
growing of grain
• Overspeculation in land and railroads
• South survived on continual high prices of cotton.
• Cotton was king and the south became overconfident!
• North suffered and began to demand free farms from federal lands –
homesteads.
• Eastern industrialists opposed free land giveaways – needed the workforce
to stay put.
• South opposed because they didn’t think gang-labor slavery could flourish
on small homesteads.
• Congress (1860) passed a homestead act, but President Buchanan vetoed
the bill.
• The Panic of 1857 gave Republicans the ability to use the economy
against the Democrats in the Election of 1860.
IX. An Illinois Rail-Splitter Emerges
X. The Great Debate: Lincoln Versus Douglas
• The Illinois senatorial election of 1858 claimed the
national spotlight: Stephen A. Douglas (D) vs.
Abraham Lincoln (R)
• Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) – focused on Dred Scott
– who was supreme: popular sovereignty or the Supreme
Court?
• Douglas' Freeport Doctrine: no matter how the Supreme
Court ruled, slavery would stay down if the people voted
it down.
• Douglas’ loyalty to popular sovereignty was the
decisive point – it was still very much supported –
self-determination.
XI. John Brown: Murderer or Martyr?
• John Brown hatched a scheme to invade the
South secretly and call on slaves to rise.
• At Harpers Ferry (1859), Brown seized the federal
arsenal and killed seven people.
• Slaves ignored Brown’s strike, failed to rise, and Brown
was wounded and captured.
• Brown was convicted of murder and treason.
• Friends claimed he was insane, but he was hanged.
• Effects of Harper Ferry
• To the South, Brown was a murderer.
• To Abolitionists and ardent free-soilers, he was a
martyr – a hero.
John Brown
Hero or Villain?
What words would
you use to describe
this depiction of the
conflict between
north and south (with
John Brown at the
center)?
It’s going down!
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=-uCtxQ4Ulvc
XII. The Disruption of the Democrats – 1860
XIII. A Rail-Splitter Splits the Union
• Dems failed to nominate a presidential candidate.
•
•
•
•
Stephan A. Douglas was supported in the North.
Southerners could not support him.
The northerners nominated Douglas anyway.
Platform came out for popular sovereignty & against obstruction of the
Fugitive Slave Law.
• The platform favored the extension of slavery into the territories and the
annexation of slave-populated Cuba.
• John Breckinridge was nominated in the South.
• Constitutional Union Party tried to be the compromise party and
nominated John Bell (TN)
• William H. Seward led Republican field, but he was too radical for
some.
• Lincoln was chosen because he had fewer enemies.
• Republican party had an appeal for everybody (free-soilers,
immigrants, North, West, homesteaders, manufacturers)
XIV. The Electoral Upheaval of 1860
XV. The Collapse of Compromise
• Lincoln was a minority president: 60% of the voters
would have preferred someone else .
• Secession was not an outright certainty after Lincoln’s
victory, but it did come.
• Crittenden Amendments – designed to appease the
South
• Slavery in the territories was to be prohibited north of the 3630 latitude, but south of that line it was to be given federal
protection in all territories.
• Future states north of this line could come into the Union with
or without slavery.
• Slavery supporters were to be guaranteed full rights in the
southern territories regardless of popular sovereignty.
• Lincoln flatly rejected the Crittenden scheme.
Senator John Crittenden
One last chance . . .
Presidential Election of 1860:
Electoral Vote by State (top) and
Popular Vote by County (bottom)
It is a surprising fact that Lincoln,
often rated among the greatest
presidents, ranks near the bottom in
percentage of popular votes. In all
the eleven states that seceded, he
received only a scattering of one
state’s votes—about 1.5 percent in
Virginia. The vote by county for
Lincoln was virtually all cast in the
North. The northern Democrat,
Douglas, was also nearly shut out in
the South, which divided its votes
between Breckinridge and Bell.
(Note that only citizens of states
could vote inhabitants of territories
could not.)
Southern Opposition to
Secession, 1860–1861
(showing vote by county)
This county vote shows the
opposition of the antiplanter,
antislavery mountain whites
in the Appalachian region.
There was also considerable
resistance to secession
in Texas, where Governor
Sam Houston, who led the
Unionists, was deposed by
secessionists.
XVI. The Secessionist Exodus
XVII. Farewell to Union
• Confederate States of America
• Formed by seven seceding states in Montgomery,
Alabama in February 1861
• They chose Jefferson Davis as their president.
• Crisis was deepened by the Buchanan's “lame
duck” interlude:
• Buchanan did not believe that the southern states
could secede, yet he could find no authority in the
Constitution for stopping them with guns.
• Secessionists left for a number of reasons:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Southerners were dismayed by the triumph of the
new Republican Party.
They were weary of free-soil/abolitionist criticism
and interference.
Believed secession would go unopposed.
South could finally throw off oppressive North.
Self-determination was clearly stated in the
Declaration of Independence.
DBQ: Compromise
• Today we will work on a DBQ that focuses on the compromises
leading up the Civil War.
• You will work in groups to begin conducting analysis of and
categorizing the documents.
Thursday
December 10, 2015
Exam: Chapter 16-19
• 36 multiple choice questions
• 1 short answer
Friday
December 9, 2016