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CAHSEE ELA Problem of the Day --Week 10
Teacher Notes
Week & Day:
Week 10—Day 1
Concept/Skill: Combining Sentences
Written Conventions 1.2: Understand sentence construction (e.g., parallel structure,
subordination, proper placement of modifiers) and proper English usage (e.g., consistency
of verb tenses).
Student Handout (CAHSEE Released Items, Question 165)
Standards:
Materials:
1. Tell students that good writers try to vary sentence structure whenever possible.
Too many short, choppy sentences might distract the reader and should be
avoided.
2. If students see a repeated word in two short, adjacent sentences, then they should
try to combine these two sentences. Share the following examples with students:
•
•
•
•
DON”T: I like to drink coffee in the morning. I like that coffee to be black.
DO: I like to drink black coffee in the morning.
DON’T: My English teacher is Mrs. Sperry. Mrs. Sperry likes to sky dive.
DO: My English teacher, Mrs. Sperry, likes to sky dive.
3. Have students answer question 165 on the student handout
4. The answer is C: “Write your assignment on college-ruled notebook paper.”
K. Berger
SAUSD, Educational Services
Fall 2007
Week 10 – Teacher - Page 1 of 5
CAHSEE ELA Problem of the Day --Week 10
Teacher Notes
Week & Day:
Week 10—Day 2
Concept/Skill: Combining Independent Clauses with Commas
Standards:
Written Conventions 1.1: Identify and correctly use clauses (e.g., main and subordinate),
phrases (e.g., gerund, infinitive, and participial), and mechanics of punctuation (e.g.,
semicolons, colons, ellipses, hyphens).
Materials:
Student Handout (CAHSEE Released Items, Question 166)
1. Review the rules for the independent clause first introduced in Week 1 of the
CAHSEE Problem of the Day
Problem of the Day Review: Week 2, Day 1 and 3
Sentences are made up of one or more clauses. An independent clause contains a subject and a verb
and expresses a complete thought. An independent clause can stand as its own as a sentence. The
following clauses are independent:
• John ate dinner at my house.
• We came home from school late yesterday.
There are two ways to combine independent clauses into one sentence. The first way is to use a
coordinating conjunction. The seven coordinating conjunctions are and, but, for, or, nor, so, and yet.
When the second independent clause in a sentence begins with a coordinating conjunction, a comma is
needed before the coordinating conjunction.
• Trudy likes to read romance novels, but Jennifer likes to read science fiction.
• Adela is my younger sister, and I have to baby sit her frequently.
The second way is to use a sentence connector. Some common sentence connectors are also,
consequently, furthermore, however, moreover, nevertheless, and therefore. When the second
independent clause is started with a sentence connector, a semicolon is needed before the connector,
and a comma follows.
•
•
Trudy likes to read romance novels; however, Jennifer likes to read science fiction.
Adela is my younger sister; therefore, I have to baby sit her frequently.
2. Have students complete question 166 on the student handout.
3. The answer is D: Leave as is.
4. Ask students what coordinating conjunction is used to connect the sentences (but).
K. Berger
SAUSD, Educational Services
Fall 2007
Week 10 – Teacher - Page 2 of 5
CAHSEE ELA Problem of the Day --Week 10
Teacher Notes
Week & Day:
Week 10—Day 3
Concept/Skill: Use of Punctuation in Quotations
Standards:
Written Conventions 1.1: Identify and correctly use clauses (e.g., main and subordinate),
phrases (e.g., gerund, infinitive, and participial), and mechanics of punctuation (e.g.,
semicolons, colons, ellipses, hyphens).
Materials:
Student Handout (CAHSEE Released Items, Question 167)
1. Review the rules for using quotations from the CAHSEE Problem of the Day,
Week 2, Day 2.
CAHSEE Problem of the Day Review: Week 2, Day 2
Rules for Using Quotations
Rule
Use a comma to introduce a quotation.
Put commas and periods within closing
quotation marks.
Put colons and semicolons outside
closing quotation marks.
Put a dash, question mark, or
exclamation point within closing
quotation marks when the punctuation
applies to the quotation itself. Put the
punctuation mark outside the quotation
marks when it applies to the whole
sentence.
Example
Shari said, “I can’t wait until
Christmas!”
Jake said, “The football game was
exciting.”
“The football game was exciting,” Jake
said.
Miguel described three strategies for
“acing the test”: study hard, get plenty of
sleep, and attend tutoring.
Jane asked, “Do you know how to get to
my house?”
Have you heard the song “Stairway to
Heaven”?
2. Have students answer question 167 on their student handout.
3. The correct answer is C: Uncle Yary often said, “My way is the best way.” A
comma is used to introduce the quotation and the period is placed within the
quotation marks.
4. This might be a good place to mention that the only time periods will come
outside of quotation marks is when the writer is using a parenthetical citation.
K. Berger
SAUSD, Educational Services
Fall 2007
Week 10 – Teacher - Page 3 of 5
CAHSEE ELA Problem of the Day --Week 10
Teacher Notes
Week & Day:
Week 10—Day 4
Concept/Skill: Dependent Clause, Dependent Marker Word
Standards:
Written Conventions 1.2: Understand sentence construction (e.g., parallel structure,
subordination, proper placement of modifiers) and proper English usage (e.g., consistency
of verb tenses).
Materials:
Student Handout (CAHSEE Released Items, Question 168)
1. Review dependent clause and dependent marker words from CAHSEE
Problem of the Day Lesson, Week 2, Day 1.
CAHSEE Problem of the Day Review: Week 2, Day 1
1. A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb but does not
express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot stand on its own as a sentence.
The following clauses are dependent:
• When John ate dinner at my house.
• Because we came home from school late yesterday.
2. A dependent marker word is a word added to the beginning of an independent clause
that makes it into a dependent clause. The marker words in the sentences above are when
and because. Other common marker words are after, although, as, as if, before, even if,
even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, whenever, whether,
and while.
2. Have students answer question 168 on their student handout. This question asks
students to choose the correct dependent marker word for the introductory
dependent clause.
3. The answer is C: “Even though.”
4. Ask students to look at the words in each answer choice in order to eliminate
wrong answers.
• A: Because: This word indicates causality. Using this word would
suggest that the late bus was the reason they were able to vote on the
proposal.
• B: Provided: This word suggests a condition as in the following
sentence: “We will be able to vote provided we arrive to the
meeting on time.”
• D: Since: Like the word because, the word since indicates causality
which would be incorrect.
5. Answer choice C is the only possible choice. They were able to vote despite the
fact that the bus arrived late.
K. Berger
SAUSD, Educational Services
Fall 2007
Week 10 – Teacher - Page 4 of 5
CAHSEE ELA Problem of the Day --Week 10
Teacher Notes
Week & Day:
Week 10—Day 5
Concept/Skill: Parallel Structure
Standards:
Written Conventions 1.2: Understand sentence construction (e.g., parallel structure,
subordination, proper placement of modifiers) and proper English usage (e.g., consistency
of verb tenses).
Materials:
Student Handout (CAHSEE Released Items, Question 169)
1. Review parallel structure from CASHEE Problem of the Day Lesson, Week 5,
Day 4
CAHSEE Problem of the Day Review: Week 5, Day 4
1. When a writer uses parallel structure, he or she uses the same pattern of words to
show that two or more ideas have equal importance.
•
The job description includes cooking, cleaning, and waiting on tables. (All
the words in the list are gerunds, or “ing words.”)
•
Carlos likes to play soccer and to hang out with friends. (The two verbs are
in the infinitive form.)
2. Avoid mixing forms when writing. Here are some examples of mixed forms:
•
Amanda enjoys reading, drawing, and to play softball. (The last item in the
list does not match grammatically with the two earlier items. The correct
form would be “playing softball.”)
•
My dad wanted me to clean the garage and mowing the grass. (The correct
form is “to mow” or simply “mow.”)
2. Have students answer question 169 on their student handout.
3. The answer is C: “A hero is a person who is honorable, brave, and helpful.”
This is the only answer choice which demonstrates parallel structure. The
underlined words in the answer choice are all nouns. All of the other answer
choices are examples of mixed forms.
K. Berger
SAUSD, Educational Services
Fall 2007
Week 10 – Teacher - Page 5 of 5