Download Who`s Who in US History

Who‟s Who in United States History
A. Philip Randolph
(1889—1879)
He was the founder of the first black labor union and a prominent Civil Rights
leader
ACLU (American Civil
Liberties Union)
Founded in 1920 by Roger Baldwin, Crystal Eastman, Helen Keller, and Walter Nelles, the
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a nonpartisan organization whose stated
mission is "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every
person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States." It works through
litigation, lobbying, and community education. The ACLU provides legal assistance in
cases when it considers civil liberties to be at risk, focusing in the 1920s on freedom of
speech; expanded its scope to include the rights of artists and striking workers, combating
racism and discrimination. During the 1930s, the ACLU started to engage in work
combating police misconduct and for Native American rights. In the 1940s, the ACLU
defended Japanese-American citizens, unsuccessfully trying to prevent their forcible
relocation to internment camps.
This was the totalitarian leader of Nazi Germany during World War II. His rise to
power was marked by nationalism, anti-Semitism and the establishment of a “New
Order” where Nazi Germany dominated the world.
He was the first American to travel into space; he was also the only of the orginial Mercury
astronauts to walk on the Moon. An avid golfer he hit two golf balls from the lunar
surface.
This was a Scottish-American scientist who is most widely known for his
invention of the telephone.
Adolf Hitler
(1889—1945)
Alan Shepard, Jr.
(1923—1998)
Alexander Graham Bell
(1847—1922)
Alfred Mahan
(1840—1914)
American Expeditionary
Force (AEF)
American Federation Of
Labor (AFL)
American Indian
Movement (AIM)
Andrew Carnegie
(1835—1919)
Andy Warhol
(1928—1987)
Anti-Imperialist League
Anwar Sadat
(1918—1987)
Axis Forces
Axis Of Evil
Ayn Rand
(1905—1982)
Ref 001, Jan 2014
Admiral of the U.S. Navy who encouraged the United States to build up its
military strength, changed how America viewed its Navy.
This was the official name for the American military force sent to aid the British and
French in 1917.
This was one of the first labor unions in the United States founded by Samuel Gompers.
The AFL was organized for skilled workers only and later merged with the CIO.
This was an uprising of Native Americans in the United States that included the seizure of
the Bureau of Indian Affairs and a standoff at Wounded Knee.
This Scottish-born American industrialist made his fortune in the steel industry.
Example: He also was known for giving away millions of dollars to charities at
the end of the 19th century.
He was an American painter and filmmaker, known for his leadership in the Pop
Art movement and coining the phrase “15 minutes of fame.”
This group was established in 1898 in opposition to the proposed annexation of the
Philippines by the United States government.
He was the President of Egypt when the Camp David Accords were reached, but
was assassinated three years later in 1981.
This was the alliance of nations (Germany, Italy, and Japan) that opposed the Allies in
World War II.
This term was used by President George W. Bush to describe the governments of Iraq, Iran,
and North Korea
She was the author of such books as “The Fountainhead” and “Atlas
Shrugged.”
Replaces previous edition dated Nov 2013
SAB- x5030
Babe Ruth
(1895—1948)
Baby Boomers
Banana Republic
Barack Obama
(1961—present)
Beatles
Benito Mussolini
(1883—1945)
Dr. Benjamin Mays
(1894—1984)
Betty Friedan
(1921—2006)
Bill Gates
(1955—present)
Billy Graham
(1918—present)
Black Panthers
Bob Woodward
(1943—present)
Booker T. Washington
(1856—1915)
Buffalo Soldiers
Bull Connor
(1897—1973)
Carrie Nation
(1946—1911)
Known as the “Sultan of Swat” this baseball great played for the New York
Yankees, was the “Home Run King” until 1974, and is often credited with saving
the game of baseball after the disgrace of the 1919 World Series.
These are the almost 80 million people who were born during a population “explosion”
after World War II, between the years 1946-1960.
This is a pejorative term used to describe any Central or South American country that is
politically unstable, dependent on limited agriculture, and ruled by a small, self-elected,
wealthy, and corrupt clique.
He was the first African American President elected in the United States, winning
the election of 2008 and re-election in 2012.
In 1962 the band became popular, and ever since John, Paul, George, and
Ringo have arguably become the most important band in Rock and Roll
history.
He was a leader of Italy during World War II and ally to Adolph Hitler. He
created a fascist state through the use of state terror and propaganda.
This African-American minister and scholar was the president of Morehouse
College from 1940-1967 and mentored Martin Luther King, Jr. He wrote many
books and has a high school named in his honor.
She was an American feminist, activist and writer, best known her book “The
Feminine Mystique” (1963) is often credited with sparking the second wave of
American feminism in the 20th century. In 1966, Friedan founded and was
elected the first president of the National Organization for Women (NOW).
A businessman and philanthropist, he took a little computer program in the
1970s and 1980s and turned it into the cornerstone of the Microsoft
Corporation.
Example: His company created the Windows computer system.
He was an evangelical minister who held public, outdoor "Crusades" from the
1940s through the early-2000, and has been a spiritual advisor to each President
since Harry Truman.
This was a political party founded in Oakland by Huey P. Newton and Bobby
Seale on October 15, 1966, advocating a policy of protecting black
neighborhoods from police brutality and supporting social welfare programs
in major cities around the country.
He is an American investigative journalist and non-fiction author who (along with another
journalist, Carl Bernstein) while working for the Washington Post in 1972 broke the
original story on the Watergate scandal that led to numerous government investigations and
the eventual resignation of President Richard Nixon.
He was a U.S. educator and reformer. He became perhaps the most prominent
African American leader of his time; he said blacks could be socially separated
from whites, but together on certain other issues.
This is the nickname given to black soldiers with the U.S. Cavalry who helped to spread
the U.S. westward in the decades following the Civil War.
Example: Bob Marley's song "Buffalo Soldiers" is an homage to them and to all AfricanAmericans who helped forge the continent.
He was the Public Safety Commissioner of Birmingham, Alabama, in the 1960s,
becoming a symbol of bigotry and police brutality when he infamously used fire
hoses and police attack dogs against protest marchers.
Born before the Civil War, she became a leading proponent of not just
temperance but the complete prohibition of alcohol.
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Cesar Chavez
1927—1993)
Chatauqua Movement
Chicano
Colin Powell
(1937—present)
Committee on Public
Information
Congress of Industrial
Organizations (CIO)
Conservation Movement
CORE
Cornelius Vanderbilt
(1794—1877)
Creel Committee
Cyrus McCormick
(1809—1884)
Dorothea Dix
(1802—1887)
Doughboys
Earl Warren
(1891—1974)
Ed Sullivan
(1901—1974)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
(1815—1902)
Elvis Presley
(1935—1977)
Emilio Aguinaldo
(1869—1964)
Emperor Hirohito
(1901—1989)
Entrepreneur
He was the founder of the National Farm Workers‟ Association, seeking better
working conditions and equal rights for his union members. Like Gandhi and
Martin Luther King, Jr., he used non-violent protest tactics to win advances for
his members.
American Adult educational movement which was popular through the 19th and 20th
centuries - brought experts in their subjects into communities to lecture
This civil rights movement of the 1960s was formed to guarantee equal rights to Mexican
Americans.
Example: El Movimiento
He was the Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff during the First Gulf War
(1991) and was the Secretary of State (2001-2005) under George W. Bush.
Organization also known as the Creel Commission which was responsible for rallying
American‟s around the war effort through propaganda
This was a federation of unions created to organize industrial workers in the U.S. and
Canada between 1935 and 1955.
Example: This later joined with the AFL
This is the plan for the protection of plant and animal species as well as the habitats they
live in from human influences. This became an important issue in America in the late
1800s.
This group (Congress Of Racial Equality) was founded in 1942 by James Farmer to
coordinate a non-violent resistance movement to Jim Crow laws.
He was a U.S. entrepreneur who gained his wealth in the 19th century through
shipping and railroads.
Example: aka, The Commodore
Headed by George Creel, this committee was in charge of propaganda for WWI (19171919). He depicted the U.S. as a champion of justice and liberty
Invented mechanical reaper (harvester)
Rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients - created first US mental asylums
This was the nickname given to American infantrymen in World War I. While
the origin of the name is unclear, the term is commonly believed to have
derived from the buttons on their uniforms that looked like dumplings. The
term was replaced by “G.I.” during World War II.
This Chief Justice from 1953 to 1969 helped determine many decisions by the
Supreme Court including racial segregation, civil rights and separation of church
and state.
His television variety show ran from 1948 until 1971, with the appearance by
The Beatles in 1964 being one of the show‟s most famous moments.
A prominent advocate of women's rights, Stanton organized the 1848 Seneca Falls
Convention with Lucretia Mott which would rally for women‟s‟ suffrage
This person was an American singer, musician, and actor. One of the most
significant cultural icons of the 20th century with hits such as “Hound Dog” and
“Jailhouse Rock.”, he is often referred to as “the King of Rock and Roll”, or
simply, “the King”.
Filipino General - helped US take Philippines during Spanish-American war - helped
Philippines gain independence from US
He was the leader of Japan before, during, and after World War II.
This is a person who takes the risk of a new business enterprise.
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Ernest Hemingway
(1899—1961)
Eugene V. Debs
(1855—1926)
F. Scott Fitzgerald
(1896—1940)
Farmers Alliance
Feminist Movement
Fidel Castro
(1926—present)
Flappers
Franklin D. Roosevelt
(1882—1945)
Franz Ferdinand
(1863—1914)
Free Silver Movement
Freedom Rides
Gamal Nasser
(1918—1970)
George Pullman
(1831—1897)
George Wallace
(1919—1998)
Georgia O'Keeffe
(1887—1986)
He was an American author and journalist whose literary works included “For
Whom the Bell Tolls”, “A Farewell to Arms”, and “The Sun Also Rises.” His
understated literary style had an influence on other authors of the 20th century,
while his adventurous life and public image influenced later generations.
Hemmingway was one of the “Lost Generation” of authors of the 1920s.
He was a US labor leader who ran for president as a member of the Socialist
Party and was jailed during the Pullman Strike.
This 20th century American writer is best known for his 1925 work “The Great
Gatsby” which told of the wealth and opulence of the Jazz Age. Another of the
“Lost Generation” Fitzgerald wrote stories of youth and promise along with age
and despair including “Tender is the Night” and “The Curious Case of Benjamin Button”.
This is the name of an organization of agricultural workers who pushed for better economic
treatment in the 1880s by trying to raise commodity prices by collective actions of
individual farmers (working together).
Example: The Grange was part of this movement.
This is the movement aimed at equal rights for women.
He was the Cuban Marxist-Leninist communist leader of the Cuban Revolution
that succeeded in toppling Juan Batista from power in 1959. Castro served as
Cuba‟s Prime Minister and President from 1976 to 2008.
The nickname given to women of the 1920s who wore their dresses short, their
hair shorter, and lived a very active social life.
He was the longest-serving president of the United States and the only
president elected more than twice; commonly known by his initials FDR
proposed a New Deal domestic reform program to lift the U.S. out of the Great
Depression and lead the U.S. against Nazi Germany and Japan during World
War II.
The assassination of this heir to the Austrian throne by a Serbian led to a
diplomatic crisis resulting in World War I.
A U.S. political issue that occurred in the late 19th century after large silver reserves were
found in the U.S.
Beginning in May 1961, this was a series of Civil Rights actions in which
integrated groups of activists rode commercial buses (such as Greyhound and
Trailways) into the segregated South. A US Supreme Court decision in 1960
had said that interstate bus routes could not be segregated, regardless of laws in the
individual states they passed through. These actions were designed to test that ruling and
to help overturn Jim Crow laws in southern states.
He was the second president of Egypt (1956-1970), nationalized the Suez Canal
that same year, and held great influence in the Middle East.
This 19th Century industrialist is best known for his company's production of the
“sleeping car” for railroad travel, and for the 1894 labor strike surrounding its
production.
He was a four-term governor of Alabama during the height of the civil
rights struggles in the South. He is shown here at the door of the
University of Alabama, refusing to comply with a federal order to
integrate the school on June 11, 1963.
She became a major American artist in the 1920s, known mostly for her work
painting pictures of flowers of New Mexico where she had moved. O”Keeffe is
recognized as the Mother of American Modernism.
4
Golda Meir
(1898—1978)
She was elected Prime Minister of Israel in 1969 and was Israel‟s first and the
world‟s third female to hold such an office.
Harry Truman
(1884—1972)
He was 33rd President of the United States, taking over after the death of
Franklin Roosevelt, and was responsible for giving the orders to drop the atomic
bomb on Hiroshima in 1945.
Henry Cabot Lodge
(1850—1924)
Hideki Tojo
(1884-1948)
Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against
participation in the League of Nations
He was a General in the Japanese Imperial Army and the country's Prime Minister
during World War II.
Horace Greeley
(1811-1872)
“Go West, young man” is a quote by American author Horace Greeley concerning
America‟s expansion westward, related to the then-popular concept of Manifest Destiny.
Greeley favored westward expansion. He saw the fertile farmland of the west as an ideal
place for people willing to work hard for the opportunity to succeed.
This is the name of the group in the House of Representatives (House Un-American
Activities Committee) that, in 1947, began hearings to expose communist infiltration in
American life. Unfortunately, a good deal of the evidence they used was based on hearsay
and conjecture, meaning innocent people were harmed by their findings.
These men were bitter opponents of the Treaty of Versailles in the United States in 1919.
Specifically, the term refers to about 12 to 18 United States Senators, both Republicans and
Democrats, who fought intensely to defeat the ratification of the treaty by the Senate in
1919. They succeeded, and the United States never ratified the Treaty of Versailles and
never joined the League of Nations.
He was a U.S. banker and financier who was a leader in corporate finance and
industrial mergers in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Morgan refinanced
railroads during the depression of 1893; built intersystem alliance by buying
stock in competing railroads.
This was the first African-American major league baseball player. He started
playing first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15, 1947 ending over 6
decades of racial segregation and contributed significantly to the Civil Rights
Movement.
Early 1900s muckraker (investigative reporter) who exposed social and political evils in
the U.S. with his novel “How The Other Half Lives”; exposed the poor conditions of the
poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen to the middle class Americans prompting social
reform.
In 1962, this African American Air Force veteran won a federal case that
allowed him to enroll in the University of Mississippi, an all-white school.
Meredith used Kennedy‟s inaugural address to exercise his constitutional
right to civil rights granted all Americans.
Jessie Owens was an American track and field athlete who specialized in the sprints and
the long jump. He participated in the 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin, Germany,
where he achieved international fame by winning four gold medals and beating the Nazi as
well as other country‟s athletes; he was considered the most successful athlete at the 1936
Summer Olympics.
The New York industrialist who made hundreds of millions of dollars in the 19th
century with his Standard Oil Company controlling 90% of oil refining
capability nationwide and pioneered the corporate strategy of vertical
integration.
He was White House Counsel (1969-1970) under Richard Nixon, was partially
responsible for attempting to cover up information during the Watergate
Scandal, and was convicted of felonies for his role in that cover-up.
HUAC
Irreconcilables
J. P. Morgan
(1837—1913)
Jackie Robinson
(1919—1972)
Jacob Riis
(1849—1914)
James Meredith
(1933—present)
James Cleveland (Jessie)
Owens
(1913—1980)
John D. Rockefeller
(1839—1937)
John Ehrlichman
(1925—1999)
5
John J. Pershing
(1860—1948)
The 35th President of the United States, he was known for leading the failed
“Bay of Pigs” invasion, successfully leading the country during the “Cuban
Missile Crisis”, and for being assassinated while in Dallas, Texas, in November
of 1963.
John Glenn is a retired USMC pilot, astronaut, and current U.S. senator from Ohio. On
February 20, 1962, he flew the Friendship 7 mission and became the first American to
orbit the Earth and the fifth person in space. On October 29, 1998, while still a sitting
Senator, he became the oldest person to fly in space, and the only one to fly in both the
Mercury and Space Shuttle programs, when at age 77, he flew on Discovery (STS-95).
This US General was in charge of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in
World War I. He is known for his tough demeanor and his nickname, “Blackjack.”
John Steinbeck
(1902—1968)
This 20th century American author is best known for writing “Of Mice and Men”
(1937), “The Grapes of Wrath” (1939) and “East of Eden” (1952).
Joseph Pulitzer
(1847—1911)
He was a powerful newspaper publisher, known both for helping create “yellow
journalism” and, later, for the prize created in his name that honors excellence in
journalism.
He was the totalitarian dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 through 1953.
Example: When we hang the capitalists, they will sell us the rope we use to do it!
John F. Kennedy
(1917—1963)
John Glenn
(1921 to present)
Joseph Stalin
(1878—1911)
Knights of Labor
Labor
Langston Hughes
(1902—1967)
League Of Nations
Lincoln Steffens
(1866—1936)
Lost Generation
Louis Armstrong
(1901—1971)
Louis Farrakhan
(1933—present)
Lucretia Mott
(1793—1880)
Lyndon Johnson
(1908—1973)
Malcolm X
(1925—1965)
Martin Luther King, Jr.
(1929—1968)
This is the name of a secret labor union founded in 1896 in Philadelphia to protect the
rights of all who worked for a living. First union to allow all laborers
This is one of the main factors of production. It is the measure of the work done by people.
He was a prolific African-American poet, novelist and playwright who is best
known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance.
This is an international organization whose goals included disarmament; preventing war
through collective security; settling disputes between countries through negotiation and
diplomacy and improving global welfare, it was to be formed after WWI.
He was a “muckraker” during the Progressive Era, best known for his “The Shame
of the Cities” which exposed the political corruption found in major U.S. cities.
This is a nickname given to a group of American artists and authors who lived in Paris after
World War I.
This musical pioneer gained fame with his trumpet and his raspy singing voice,
and his improvisational style had a major impact on the development of jazz.
He has led the Nation of Islam since 1978, after the death of Elijah Muhammad
and the subsequent split of the Nation into two main groups. He was the
organizer of the Million Man March to Washington, DC in 1995.
A leading anti-slavery advocate prior to the Civil War, Mott used that experience to
advocate for universal suffrage allying with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
to help organize the Seneca Falls Convention for women‟s suffrage.
He was the 36th President, and took over following the assassination of his
predecessor, John Kennedy, in 1963. He escalated US involvement in the
Vietnam war by sending over 550,000 American troops to fight; domestically
his “Great Society” upheld civil rights, environmental protection, aid for
education, the creation of Medicare and Medicaid and his “War on Poverty”.
Often associated with confrontational Civil Rights protest, he was a leader in the
Nation of Islam in the United States, an early advocate of “Black Power,” but
became a more moderate voice in the Civil Rights movement before his
assassination in 1965.
This was an American clergyman, humanitarian, and political activist who was
the most famous leader of the American civil rights movement. MLK focused
on using nonviolent civil disobedience to achieve his goal of advancing of civil
rights for all people.
6
Medgar Evers
(1925—1963)
He was an African American civil rights leader and NAACP official who was
assassinated in Mississippi in 1963.
Menachem Begin
(1913—1992)
He was the Prime Minister of Israel (1977-1983) and worked to bring peace with
Egypt in the Camp David Accords of 1978.
Modernism
This refers to the general term describing artistic and cultural movements of the 20th
century and beyond.
This is the name of the conservative religious special interest group that was founded by
Reverend Jerry Falwell in 1979.
This group of authors and journalists wrote of horrible working conditions in American
industry in the early 20th century, resulting in more governmental protection of workers.
Example: Upton Sinclair's The Jungle is the most popular example of Muckraking
literature.
This is the oldest and largest U.S. civil rights organization (National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People). Members have referred to it as The National
Association.
1866 - established by William Sylvis - wanted 8hr work days, banking reform, and an end
to conviction labor - attempt to unite all laborers
This is the historical term given to the people who inhabited North America prior to
European colonization and after.
Example: Do not confuse this group with the Indians who live in the country of India.
In order to be President, a person must be ______ ______, 35 years of age, and 14 years a
resident of the United States.
In the late 19th century, this political and social movement swept through the United
States, its followers believing that all people who were not born in the U.S. and were of
European heritage should be banned from the country.
This is an international organization (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) created by the
U.S. and its allies in 1949 to prevent attacks by the Soviet Union.
This Indian tribe, led by Chief Joseph, attempted to flee to Canada rather than go to a
reservation, though this eventually failed in 1877.
Example: The name means “Pierced Noses.”
The Niagara Movement was a black civil rights organization founded in 1905 by a group
led by W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter. It was named for the "mighty
current" of change the group wanted to effect and where the first meeting took place in July
1905. The Niagara Movement was a call for opposition to racial segregation and
disenfranchisement, and it was opposed to policies of accommodation and conciliation
promoted by African American leaders such as Booker T. Washington.
He was the leader of the Soviet Union during the Bay of Pigs invasion, the
construction of the Berlin Wall, and the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Moral Majority
Muckrakers
NAACP
National Labor Union
Native American
Native Born
Nativism
NATO
Nez Perce
Niagara Movement
Nikita Khrushchev
(1894—1971)
NLRB
Norman Rockwell
(1894—1978)
Norman Vincent Peale
NOW
OAS
This was a U. S. government agency (National Labor Relations Board) charged with
administering the National Labor Relations Act (1935).
He was a 20th century American artist who is best known for this idealistic
paintings, such as those for war bond advertisements and for his version of
“Rosie the Riveter.”
He was a well-known minister and conservative political supporter of the midto-late 1900s whose book “The Power of Positive Thinking” was a national best
seller for many years.
This is an American feminist group (National Organization for Women) founded in 1966
that seeks to advance women to equal standing with men.
This is the name of a group of countries in the Western Hemisphere that was created after
World War II to strengthen cooperation on democratic values, defend common interests
and debate the major issues facing the region and the world (Organization of American
States).
7
OPEC
Pablo Picasso
(1881—1973)
Pancho Villa
(1873—1923)
PLO
Political Machine
Populists (Populist Party)
Progressive Movement
Reservationists
Robber Barons
Robert F. Kennedy
(1925—1968)
Robert LaFollette
(1855—1925)
Ronald Reagan
(1911—2004)
Rosa Parks
(1913—2005)
Rosie the Riveter
Rough Riders
Ruby Bridges
(1954—
)
Saddam Hussein
(1937—2006)
Samuel Gompers
(1850—1924)
This is an international cartel (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)
developed in 1965 to stabilize international oil prices, oversee petroleum imports and
investments.
He was a Spanish artist who, in the early 20th century, pioneered the Cubist style
of painting.
This Mexican revolutionary was the focus of a U.S. military expedition in 1916 and
1917 after he led several deadly raids on towns in the southwest United States.
This is a multi-party confederation (Palestinian Liberation Organization) founded in 1964
representing the Arab peoples of the Middle East. They have been in constant conflict with
Israel over disputed lands.
This term refers to a political structure in which a powerful „boss‟ commands the support
of followers who receive favors in exchange for their efforts.
Example: They were common in many major cities in the late 1800s, but the most
notorious of all was the „Tammany Hall‟ machine in New York run by „Boss‟ William
Tweed.
Founded in 1891 this movement advocated state control of railroads, currency expansion
(the so-called free coinage of silver and paper money), national income tax, direct election
of senators, regulation of railroads, and other government reforms to help farmers.
(1901 -1917) Formed by Midwestern Farmers, Socialists, and Labor Organizers -attacked
monopolies, and wanted other reforms, such as bimetallism, transportation regulation, the
8-hour work day, and income tax.
Senators who pledged to vote in favor of the Treaty of Versailles if certain changes were
made; this group was led by Henry Cabot Lodge.
American capitalists of the latter part of the 19th century who became wealthy through
exploitation (as of natural resources, governmental influence, or low wage scales).
Example: Rockefeller, Carnegie
He was Attorney General of the United States under his brother, John
Kennedy. He was killed while running for President himself.
Republican Senator from Wisconsin who ran for president under the Progressive Party. He
was a proponent of Progressivism and a vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, World
War I, and the League of Nations.
He won Presidential elections in 1980 and 1984, and is credited by many with
bringing hope and optimism back to the United States.
Example: The oldest person to be President of the United States (aged 78).
She was a Civil Rights leader who, in 1955, refused to give up her seat on a
segregated bus to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama. Her actions led to the
Montgomery Bus Boycott that eventually led to the court-ordered end of
segregation on the city's busses.
Cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked
in factories during World War II
This was a regiment in the Spanish-American War organized and led by Theodore
Roosevelt that included cowboys, miners, policemen, and college athletes.
At the age of 6, she became famous for becoming the first African American
child to attend and all-white school in the American south, New Orleans,
Louisiana.
He was President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. He was in power during the Persian
Gulf War and repressed independence movements of groups within Iraq.
He was the founder and leader of the American Federation of Labor for 38 years
and worked for higher wages for laborers and against socialist and communist
presence within the movement.
8
Scabs
SCLC
SEATO
Semi-skilled Labor
Sioux
Sitting Bull
(1831—1890)
SNCC
Solid South
Steve Jobs
(1955—2011)
Stokely Carmichael
(1941—1998)
Strom Thurmond
(1902—2003)
The Honorable Elijah
Muhammad
(1897—1975)
The Nation of Islam
Theodore Roosevelt
(1875—1919)
Thomas Edison
(1847—1931)
Workers called in by an employer to replace striking laborers. Using scab allows a
company that is under a strike to continue working and to avoid having to bargain with the
union or workers.
This is a civil rights organization (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) that was
instrumental in the 60s Civil Rights Movement. Martin Luther King was its first president
and it is rooted in nonviolent civil disobedience.
This is the name of a group of countries, mainly in Southeast Asia, that was created after
World War II to act as a mutual defense for the member states (South East Asia Treaty
Organization). It is similar to NATO in Europe.
Workers that may master a specific job with a few weeks of limited training.
This is the name given to the Native American ethnic group of the Great Plains,
represented by such leaders as Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, and Red Cloud.
Example: Custer at Little Big Horn
He was the Lakota Indian Chief who helped defeat General Custer in the Battle of
Little Big Horn in 1876, and whose arrest helped to set off the 1890 massacre at
Wounded Knee.
This group (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) was formed in 1960 to organize
peaceful disobedience to segregation laws throughout the American South. They played
key roles in organizing the Freedom Rides in 1961 and the famous March on Washington
two years later.
The term Solid South describes the electoral support of the Southern United States for
Democratic Party candidates from 1877 (the end of Reconstruction) to 1964 (the passage of
the Civil Rights Act of 1964). During this time, the vast majority of local and state
officeholders in the South were Democrats, as were federal politicians the region sent to
Washington, D.C.
In the late 1970s his company, Apple, developed and released the first
"personal" computer.
Example: Macs and iPods
Known as Kwame Ture until his death in 1998, he was a TrinidadianAmerican activist in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement. He rose to
prominence first as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC) and later as the “Honorary Prime Minister” of the Black
Panther Party. Initially an integrationist, he later became affiliated with black nationalist
and Pan-Africanist movements. He is known for having widely promoted the phrase,
“Black Power.”
He was South Carolina's governor from 1947 to 1951, a former segregationist
presidential candidate, and a U.S. Senator from 1956 to 2003.
He led the Nation of Islam from 1935 to 1975, taking over leadership of the
group from its founder, Wallace Fard Muhammad. He is also known for
having been a mentor to Malcolm X. His most famous book is called
“Message to the Blackman in America.”
This is a religious group founded in Detroit, Michigan, by Wallace Fard
Muhammad in 1930. It strives to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and
economic condition of the black men and women of America. It also
promotes the belief that God will bring about a universal government of peace.
The letters on the group's flag stand for Justice, Freedom, Equality, and Islam.
This was a 26th President of the United States; hero of the SpanishAmerican War; Panama canal was built during his administration; said
“Speak softly but carry a big stick” (1858-1919). He was considered by
many to be the nation‟s first conservation President.
Example: He was the youngest person ever to be President.
Known as the “Wizard of Menlo Park,” he is famous for his hundreds of
inventions, including the incandescent light bulb, phonograph, the Dictaphone,
and hundreds of others.
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Thurgood Marshall
(1908—1993)
United Nations
Unskilled Labor
Upton Sinclair
(1878—1968)
W.E.B. DuBois
(1868—1963)
Wilhelm II
(1859—1941)
William Jennings Bryan
(1860—1925)
William Faulkner
(1897—1901)
This was the African-American lawyer who won the Brown v. Board of
Education case in 1954 and eventually became the first African-American
Supreme Court Justice in 1967.
This is an international organization created following World War II to provide a way to
negotiate disputes.
Workers who are not trained to do a specific task or operate specialized machinery.
Muckraking author who wrote a book (The Jungle) about the horrors of food productions
in 1906.
Black civil rights activist, historian, sociologist, author, and editor; DuBois was the first
black to earn a doctorate from Harvard, he was a professor of history, sociology, and
economics at Atlantic University and one of the cofounders of the NAACP in 1909. His
insistence on full civil rights and political representation broke with his fellow civil rights
leader Booker T. Washington because of the former‟s opposition to the Atlanta
Compromise.
He was the German Emperor from 1888 to 1918 and led Germany into World
War I.
Principle figure in the Populist Party. He served as Secretary of State under President
Wilson (he resigned in protest of the lack of involvement of the US in WWI). In 1925 he
served as the state‟s prosecutor in the Scopes Trial.
Many consider this Mississippi author the most important and accomplished
Southern writer in the 20th Century.
Example: The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930), Light in
August (1932), and Absalom, Absalom! (1937)
William McKinley
(1843—1901)
He was the U.S. President during the Spanish-American War, but was later
assassinated in 1901.
William Randolph Hearst
(1863—1951)
William Seward
(1801—1872)
William Tweed
(1823—1878)
Winston Churchill
(1874—1965)
A leading newspaperman of his times, he ran The New York Journal and helped create and
propagate "yellow (sensationalist) journalism."
US Secretary of State who negotiated purchase of Alaska from Russia in his quest to
achieve Manifest Destiny.
Most famous political machine boss - headquartered in NYC
Wobblies
A radical labor union with many Socialists that focused on unskilled workers. It mainly
represented western miners. Lumbermen, migrant farm workers, and some eastern textile
workers.
He was 28th President of the United States; led the United States through World
War I, his 14 point plan was the basis for the Treaty of Versailles and secured
the formation of the League of Nations.
Woodrow Wilson
(1856—1924)
Alvin York
(1887—1964)
Zelda Fitzgerald
(1900—1948)
Zora Neale Hurston
(1891—1960)
He was a British statesman and leader during World War II.
Known also by his rank, Sergeant York, was one of the most decorated American soldiers
in World War I, receiving the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine
gun nest, taking 32 machine guns, killing 28 German soldiers, and capturing 132 others.
This was a prolific female artist and writer from Alabama. Wife of F. Scott
Fitzgerald.
This Harlem Renaissance author produced four novels and more than 50
published short stories, plays, and essays.
Example: She is best known for her 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching
God.
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