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Chinese Philosophies Confucianism • Founded by Confucius • A scholar during the Zhou Dynasty. • Lead a scholary life, studying and teaching HISTORY, music, and moral character. Confucianism • 5 Key Relationships • • • • • Ruler and Subject Father and Son Husband and Wife Older Brother and Younger Brother Friend and Friend (only equal relationship) Philosophies (way to live life) • Harmony and Proper Government • Follow a code of Ethics • Filial Piety – Loyalty and Respect for Parents is Priority • People are naturally good. • Education will improve society & advance one’s civilization Role of Government • Rulers must not only enforce laws but set an example • The best rulers are virtuous Writings • Followers recorded his ideas in The Analects after his death Legalism • Founded by Hanfeizi and Li Si • Nature of Man is Evil Legalism • Qin emperor Shi Huangdi overthrows Zhou with the Mandate of Heaven in 221 B.C.E. and applied Legalism to create a strong authoritarian government Philosophies (ways to live life) • Called Legalism because of their emphasis on law and order • Only way to achieve order and build a strong government is to pass strict laws and apply harsh punishments • They believed that examples set by moral leaders would not be followed or even respected. Role of Government • Only the ruler has authority and he needs to use it (autocracy) • Qin shi Huangdi and his dynasty only lasted 11 years but started the Great Wall Writings • Book of Lord Shang • Han Fei-tzu Taoism / Daoism • Founded by Laozi • Lived during the 6th century B.C.E. Philosophies (ways to live life) • Seek Harmony with Nature • They believe in the Yin(g) and Yang • Natural rhythm of life • The natural order is more important than the social order Role of Government - Writings • Belief that government should not play a role • Tao Te Ching Han Dynasty • After the Qin Dynasty and Shi Huangdi, China falls into civil war over who will rule. • The Hans take over and claim the Mandate of Heaven. Wudi will become ruler and greatly improve the Chinese empire. Han Achievements • Created a civil service • Specialized workers for the government • Needed to pass test on Confucianism • Invented paper (105 C.E.) Han Achievements • Created and traded silk products • Invented the collar harness, a better plow and the wheelbarrow • Invented watermills for grinding grain The Silk Road • Trading route from China to Africa and Europe • Extended into India and other parts of northern Europe • All kinds of goods traded • Spread goods, culture, religion, disease, and ideas all across the world