Download Midterm Review Guide with Answers

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Biology Midterm Review Guide
Short Answer
1. Why is it NOT useful to view science as a set of facts?
2. Which characteristic of living things is important to the survival of a group of animals rather than an
individual member of this group? Why?
3. Can you predict the properties of a compound by knowing the properties of the elements that make up the
compound? Explain your answer.
4. What accounts for water’s properties of adhesion and cohesion?
5. What does the cell theory say?
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Figure 7–8
6. Is the cell in Figure 7–8 above a prokaryote or a eukaryote? What features help you determine your answer?
7. List two problems that growth causes for cells.
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Figure 10–3
8. The main events of the cell cycle are labeled A, B, C, and D in Figure 10–3. Name these events. Then, briefly
state what happens during each event.
9. How many sets of chromosomes are in a diploid cell?
10. Define homologous chromosomes.
11. What is a bacteriophage?
12. What does DNA do with information?
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13. What might be the effect of a mutation in the promoter sequence of a gene?
14. Within a cell, where does translation take place?
15. Construct a flow chart that shows the path through which sperm travels from the time they are produced until
they are expelled from the male body.
16. Many sperm may reach an egg in a Fallopian tube at the same time. What prevents more than one sperm
from fertilizing an egg?
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Biology Midterm Review Guide
Answer Section
SHORT ANSWER
1. ANS:
Science is always changing and advancing so the facts may change over time.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 4 | p. 5
OBJ: 1.1.1 State the goals of science.
TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: synthesis
2. ANS:
Reproduction is important to maintaining a group of animals. An individual member of the group can survive
without reproduction, but the entire group would die out if none of its members reproduced.
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 19
OBJ: 1.3.1 List the characteristics of living things.
BLM: evaluation
3. ANS:
No. The properties of a compound are usually different from the properties of the elements that make up the
compound.
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 37
OBJ: 2.1.3 Explain how compounds are different from their component elements.
BLM: evaluation
4. ANS:
The ability of water to form multiple hydrogen bonds accounts for water’s properties of adhesion and
cohesion.
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 41
OBJ: 2.2.1 Discuss the unique properties of water.
BLM: synthesis
5. ANS:
The cell theory says that all living things are composed of cells. It also says that cells are the basic units of
structure and function in living things and that new cells come from existing cells.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 191
OBJ: 7.1.1 State the cell theory.
TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
6. ANS:
This cell is a prokaryote. It has a cell wall, indicated by the letter B, and its DNA, indicated by the letter C, is
not enclosed in a nucleus.
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 194
OBJ: 7.1.3 Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. BLM: evaluation
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ID: A
7. ANS:
As a cell grows larger, more demands are placed on its DNA, and the cell has more trouble moving enough
nutrients and wastes across the cell membrane.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 274 | p. 276
OBJ: 10.1.1 Explain the problems that growth causes for cells.
TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
8. ANS:
A: G1 phase, cell growth; B: S phase, DNA replication; C: G2 phase, preparation for mitosis; D: M phase, cell
division (mitosis and cytokinesis).
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 281 | p. 282
OBJ: 10.2.2 Name the main events of the cell cycle.
TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: analysis
9. ANS:
A diploid cell has two sets of chromosomes.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 323
OBJ: 11.4.1 Contrast the number of chromosomes in body cells and in gametes.
TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
10. ANS:
Homologous chromosomes are the two sets of chromosomes found in a body cell—one set inherited from the
male parent and the other inherited from the female parent.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 323
OBJ: 11.4.1 Contrast the number of chromosomes in body cells and in gametes.
TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
11. ANS:
A bacteriophage is a kind of virus that infects and kills bacteria.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 340
OBJ: 12.1.2 Describe the role of bacteriophages in identifying genetic material.
TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
12. ANS:
DNA stores, copies, and transmits information.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 342 | p. 343
OBJ: 12.1.3 Identify the role of DNA in heredity.
TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
13. ANS:
RNA polymerase might be unable to bind to the promoter, and, as a result, the gene would not be transcribed.
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 364 | p. 365
OBJ: 13.1.2 Explain the process of transcription.
BLM: synthesis
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ID: A
14. ANS:
Translation takes place on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 368
OBJ: 13.2.2 Summarize the process of translation.
TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
15. ANS:
Answer should show that sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules. From there, they travel through the
epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra (in the penis).
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 989
OBJ: 34.3.2 Name and discuss the structures of the male reproductive system.
TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: synthesis
16. ANS:
Once a sperm nucleus has entered the egg, the cell membrane of the egg cell changes, preventing other sperm
from entering the cell.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 996
OBJ: 34.4.1 Describe fertilization and the early stages of development.
BLM: comprehension
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