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PART 3: SHE ELEMENTS TITLE Prepared by: 3.6 Land & Water Pollution Learning Objectives To define what is water and land pollution. To discuss the importance of clean water as a determinant of health and the nature and extent of waterborne disease. To outline the various approaches to prevention of related environmental health problems. To list the major sources of water and land contamination. Define: Pollution Water contamination of water resources by harmful wastes. Land is the degradation of Earth's land surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources. Major Sources of Contamination Water Land Oil spillage Surface runoff Waste water Sewage Eutrophication Direct discharge Acidification Factories / Industries Household chemicals Industrial Mining Pesticides / Herbicides Construction Waste disposal Fertilizers Leachate Sewage sludge Household Deforestation Effects of Water Pollution Poisonous drinking water Poisonous food animals (due to these organisms having bioaccumulated toxins from the environment over their life spans ) Pollution affects the chemistry of water (acidity, temperature) The concentration of bacteria and viruses in polluted water causes increase in solids suspended in the water body, which, in turn, leads to health problems. Carcinogenic pollutants found in polluted water might cause cancer. Reducing Water Pollution Wash your car far away from any stormwater drains Don’t throw trash, chemicals or solvents into sewer drains Inspect your septic system every 3-5 years Avoid using pesticides and fertilizers that can run off into water systems Use non-toxic cleaning materials Clean up oil and other liquid spills and sweep it up Don’t wash paint brushes or chemical waste in the sink Effects of Land Pollution Exterminates (kill) wild life. Acid rain kills trees and other plants. Vegetation that provides food and shelter is destroyed. It can seriously disrupt the balance of nature and in extreme cases, can cause human fatalities. Pesticides can damage crops, kill vegetation, and poison birds, animals, and fish. Skin problems are often diagnosed due to land pollution. Reducing Land Pollution Encourage organic farming Proper garbage disposal Recycle garbage Reduce use of herbicides and pesticides Avoid over packaged items Efficient utilization of resources and reducing wastage