Download Pregnancy and Birth

Pregnancy and Birth
Unit 8 Lesson 3
Starter: Review Quiz
Instructions: List the male and female parts in the
correct column.
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Cervix
Corpus Cavernosum
Cowper’s Gland
Endometrium
Epidiymis
Fallopian Tub
Ovary
Ovum
Penis
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Placenta
Prostate Gland
Scrotum
Seminal Vesicles
Sperm
Testes
Uterus
Vagina
Vas Deferens
Starter: Review Quiz
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List which organs belong to the male and female
reproductive system on your notes page.
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Cervix
Corpus Cavernosum
Cowper’s Gland
Endometrium
Epidiymis
Fallopian Tub
Ovary
Ovum
Penis
•Placenta
•Prostate Gland
•Scrotum
•Seminal Vesicles
•Sperm
•Testes
•Uterus
•Vagina
•Vas Deferens
Pregnancy and Birth
• Fertilization is the joining
together of the male sperm
cell and the female egg cell.
• In the last lesson you
learned that once the
fertilized egg enter the
uterus it will attach to the
uterine wall.
Pregnancy and Birth
• When the fertilized egg
attaches the women will
not have her period.
• This is the beginning of
pregnancy.
• Pregnancy is the time when
a fertilized egg grows and
develops into a baby in the
woman’s uterus.
Pregnancy and Birth
• The uterus is the organ
inside a female’s body
where a fetus is nourished.
• This is where the fetus will
remain the entire 9 months
of pregnancy.
Pregnancy and Birth
• There are two different
terms used to explain the
developing fertilized egg.
• During the first eight weeks
of pregnancy the fertilized
egg is called an embryo.
• From the eighth week until
birth the developing human
is called a fetus.
Pregnancy and Birth
• There are many changes that takes place to the fetus and
mother during pregnancy.
• To help better understand these changes the 9 months of
pregnancy are divided into 3 month trimesters.
First Trimester
• The first trimester equals
the first 3 months or 12
weeks of pregnancy.
• During the first trimester
the embryo develops
rapidly.
• The mother does not look
physically pregnant but
could have symptoms of
pregnancy like:
– Nausea
– Tiredness
First Trimester
4 weeks
• ½ inch in length
• Brain, heart, lungs, are
forming
• Heart starts to beat
8 weeks
• About 1 inch long
• Body develops
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Skin
Arms
Fingers
Legs
Toes
12 Weeks
• Weighs 1 once
• 3 inches long
• Can open and close
mouth and swallow
• Fetus begins to move
around
First Trimester
• The placenta is a thick, rich
lining of tissue that builds up
along the walls of the uterus
and connects he mother to
the fetus.
• The placenta’s job is to allow
nutrients, gases, and waste to
be exchanged between the
mother and the fetus.
First Trimester
• The exchange of food and
oxygen takes place in through
the umbilical cord.
• The umbilical cord is a tube
that connects the fetus and
the mother's placenta.
• The mom’s and baby’s blood
never mix.
• The nutrients and oxygen from
the mom’s blood flow through
the membrane from the mom
to the fetus.
First Trimester
• The amniotic sac surrounds
and cushions the fetus.
• It is filled with amniotic
fluid.
• This allows the fetus to
move freely without the
walls of the uterus being
too tight against the body.
Second Trimester
• The second trimester is
months 4,5, and 6.
• Weeks 13 through 27
• The mother will start to
physically show during this
trimester.
• Usually most of the nausea
and tiredness decreases
during the second trimester.
16 Weeks
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Weighs about 6 ounces
5 inches long
Movement can be felt
Gender can usually be
distinguished
20 weeks
• Weighs about 1 pound
• 10 inches long
• Eyelashes and nails
appear
• Heartbeat can be heard
with normal
stethoscope.
24 Weeks
• Weighs about 1.5
pounds
• 12.5 inches long
• Kicks, cries, and hiccups
• Can hear sounds
• Footprints appear
Third Trimester
• The third trimester is the
last 3 months
• Weeks 28 through 40.
• During the third trimester
the fetus grows in weight
and length.
28 Weeks
• Weighs about 2.5
pounds
• 14.5 inches long
• Arms and legs move
freely
• Eyes open
32 Weeks
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Weigh about 4 pounds
18 inches long
Hair gets longer
Skin becomes smoother
36 weeks
• Weighs about 6-9
pounds
• 18-21 inches long
• Body organs developed
enough to function on
their own
Third Trimester
• It is important that the fetus go
the entire 38 to 40 weeks of
pregnancy.
• During the last trimester the fetus
gets ready to live outside the
mothers body.
– It starts to put on fat to help
maintain body temperature.
– The lungs are the last organs
to fully develop.
• If the baby is born too
early it might have a
difficult time breathing on
its own and maintaining
body temperature.
Labor and Birth
• There are three main stages
of birth.
• Birth is the passage of a
baby from its mother’s
uterus to outside her body.
• The birthing process for
each women and each
pregnancy is different.
Labor and Birth
• Birthing Stage One:
– Mild contractions, which are
tightening in the muscles of
the uterus.
– The contractions continue to
get stronger and more
frequent as deliver draws
closer.
– The baby’s head pushes
against the cervix which
causes it to open.
Labor and Birth
• Birthing Stage Two:
– Starts when the cervix is
completely opened.
– Contractions continue every 2
or 3 minutes.
– Stage two ends with the baby
being delivered.
Labor and Birth
• Sometimes the baby can
not fit through the vaginal
opening or the mother’s
and/or baby’s life is in
danger and needs to be
delivered by Caesarean
section.
• A C-section is a surgically
procedure in which the
doctor removes the baby
and the placenta through
the abdominal wall and
uterus of the mother.
Labor and Birth
• Birthing Stage Three:
– After the baby is born, the
doctor cuts the umbilical
cord.
– Healthy babies will cry and
breath on their own
immediately.
– Lastly the placenta is
delivered out of the body by
contractions.
– If all of the placenta is not
removed the mother can
develop a life threatening
infection.
Problems with Pregnancy and Birth
• Ectopic Pregnancy is when
the fertilized attaches itself
to the fallopian tube wall
instead of the uterine wall.
• If left untreated, the
fallopian tube will rupture
and can cause internal
bleeding for the mother.
• The baby will never survive
because there is not enough
room to full grow.
Problems with Pregnancy and Birth
• A miscarriage is when a
pregnancy ends early.
• Most miscarriages occur
in the first three
months of pregnancy.
• There are several
reason why
miscarriages can occur.
• Sometimes there is not
explanation.
Problems with Pregnancy and Birth
• Preeclampsia is when
placenta covers part or
all of the opening of
the cervix.
• This increases the risk
of hemorrhagic
bleeding during labor
and delivery.
• This can be life
threatening for both
mother and child.
Problems with Pregnancy and Birth
• Premature birth is when
the mother starts the labor
process before 36 weeks of
pregnancy.
• There are many causes of
premature birth.
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Infection
Short Cervix
Injury
Vaginal Bleeding
Race
• Because their bodies are not
fully developed premature
babies could:
– Be underweight
– Unable to keep body
temperature
– Feed
– Breath on own
Problems with Pregnancy and Birth
• A stillbirth is a baby is born
without a heartbeat.
• This means the baby has
died before being born.
• There are many reasons for
a stillbirth but sadly about
20% of the time there is no
reason.
Problems with Pregnancy and Birth
• A breach birth means that
that baby is not coming
through the birth canal
head first.
• This is dangerous for the
mother and child.
• The head of the baby
pushes open the cervix and
allows the rest of the body
to easily follow.
• If possible doctors will try
and turn the baby prior to
delivery.
Care During Pregnancy
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Get regular check-ups
Maintain a balanced diet
No smoking
No alcohol consumption
Only use medication under
advisement from a doctor
(even over the counter)
• Avoid chemical and toxic
substances.
• Avoid infections
• Gain a healthy amount of
weight
Quick Check
1. The unborn baby is called a ____ from the eighth week of
pregnancy until birth.
2. The unborn baby is called a ____ from conception until the
eighth week of pregnancy.
3. The ___ is an organ that grows in the woman’s uterus during
pregnancy and allows nutrients, gases, and wastes to be
exchanged between the mother and fetus.
4. There are ___ trimesters in a pregnancy.
5. The ____ are the last organs to fully develop in a fetus.
6. A ____ is when the baby is born without a heartbeat.
7. ____ is when the placenta covers part or all of the cervix.
Quick Check
1. The unborn baby is called a FETUS from the eighth week of
pregnancy until birth.
2. The unborn baby is called a EMBRYO from conception until
the eighth week of pregnancy.
3. The PLACENTA is an organ that grows in the woman’s uterus
during pregnancy and allows nutrients, gases, and wastes to
be exchanged between the mother and fetus.
4. There are 3 trimesters in a pregnancy.
5. The LUNGS are the last organs to fully develop in a fetus.
6. A SSTILLBIRTH is when the baby is born without a heartbeat.
7. PREECLAMPSIA is when the placenta covers part or all of the
cervix.