Maternal Mineral and Bone Metabolism During Pregnancy
... studies have examined this time frame, so the data are less robust. The average calcium content of human milk is somewhat lower at 200 mg/l (41), and the intake is less at ⬃600 ml/day (246), which means that the infant has an estimated calcium intake of 120 mg/day from human milk. An additional 140 ...
... studies have examined this time frame, so the data are less robust. The average calcium content of human milk is somewhat lower at 200 mg/l (41), and the intake is less at ⬃600 ml/day (246), which means that the infant has an estimated calcium intake of 120 mg/day from human milk. An additional 140 ...
Migration of Intrauterine Devices
... Overall, IUDs are 98%–99% effective in preventing pregnancy (5,6). The IUD can easily be removed when the individual desires to attempt pregnancy. The copper IUD works for up to 10 years, whereas the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD works for up to 5 years (7–9). As with any medication or medical device ...
... Overall, IUDs are 98%–99% effective in preventing pregnancy (5,6). The IUD can easily be removed when the individual desires to attempt pregnancy. The copper IUD works for up to 10 years, whereas the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD works for up to 5 years (7–9). As with any medication or medical device ...
Protocol for Provision of Intrauterine Contraception
... Following medication abortion or early pregnancy loss........................................................................ 7 ...
... Following medication abortion or early pregnancy loss........................................................................ 7 ...
Optimal Iodine Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation
... lactation (1-4). One of the factors involved in these changes is the increased requirement of iodine in the mother due to the transfer of thyroxine (T4) and of iodide from mother to fetus during pregnancy and to the loss of iodide in breast milk during lactation. These two processes are required in ...
... lactation (1-4). One of the factors involved in these changes is the increased requirement of iodine in the mother due to the transfer of thyroxine (T4) and of iodide from mother to fetus during pregnancy and to the loss of iodide in breast milk during lactation. These two processes are required in ...
Caffeine`s Implications for Women`s Health and Survey of
... study and a meta-analysis of previous studies suggest that maternal caffeine use increases the rate of spontaneous abortion in a roughly dose-dependent fashion.37,38 Associations between high caffeine use and decreased fecundity and reduced fetal growth have also been observed,39,40 including a rece ...
... study and a meta-analysis of previous studies suggest that maternal caffeine use increases the rate of spontaneous abortion in a roughly dose-dependent fashion.37,38 Associations between high caffeine use and decreased fecundity and reduced fetal growth have also been observed,39,40 including a rece ...
Tryptophan metabolism, disposition and utilization in pregnancy
... inhibitor 1-MT was shown to inhibit Trp transport in human placenta [27] and fibroblast cell lines [28]. It is possible that this effect coupled with the lower plasma [Trp] in C57 mice could have further undermined Trp availability to concepti in the Munn et al. [1] study. The potential impact of th ...
... inhibitor 1-MT was shown to inhibit Trp transport in human placenta [27] and fibroblast cell lines [28]. It is possible that this effect coupled with the lower plasma [Trp] in C57 mice could have further undermined Trp availability to concepti in the Munn et al. [1] study. The potential impact of th ...
Estimation Of Gestational Age By Umbilical Cord
... with SUA may have a higher likelihood of having other congenital abnormalities, especially of the heart. However, additional testing (high level ultrasound scans) can rule out many of these abnormalities prior to birth and alleviate parental anxiety. Echocardiograms of the fetus may be advised to en ...
... with SUA may have a higher likelihood of having other congenital abnormalities, especially of the heart. However, additional testing (high level ultrasound scans) can rule out many of these abnormalities prior to birth and alleviate parental anxiety. Echocardiograms of the fetus may be advised to en ...
Can healthy babies originate from oocytes with smooth endoplasmic
... study to be randomized. Two studies were prospective, one specified that transfer of SERa+ embryo transfers was avoided (Ebner et al., 2008) and for the other one, no information on embryo selection was provided (Yang et al., 2008). Only two retrospective studies specified that embryos were selected f ...
... study to be randomized. Two studies were prospective, one specified that transfer of SERa+ embryo transfers was avoided (Ebner et al., 2008) and for the other one, no information on embryo selection was provided (Yang et al., 2008). Only two retrospective studies specified that embryos were selected f ...
Dilatation and Curettage Effect on the Endometrial Thickness
... that curettage (D&C) could be a cause of scant endometrial tissue (5, 35). Dilatation and curettage, a blind procedure, is the most frequent surgical procedure performed throughout the world routinely by many gynecologists (36, 37). It can be used as a diagnostic test or as a form of treatment for a ...
... that curettage (D&C) could be a cause of scant endometrial tissue (5, 35). Dilatation and curettage, a blind procedure, is the most frequent surgical procedure performed throughout the world routinely by many gynecologists (36, 37). It can be used as a diagnostic test or as a form of treatment for a ...
Understanding the importance of the Body Condition Score and any
... The current position on bearings research Bassett (1956) summed up the position regarding ‘bearings’ succinctly in his review. This knowledge can be summarised under two distinct headings; the first is the knowledge and opinion of veterinarians and farmers (often relating more to handling the bearin ...
... The current position on bearings research Bassett (1956) summed up the position regarding ‘bearings’ succinctly in his review. This knowledge can be summarised under two distinct headings; the first is the knowledge and opinion of veterinarians and farmers (often relating more to handling the bearin ...
Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
... of using this guideline is improved outcomes for mother, baby, and child, through evidence-advised practice. The target users are multidisciplinary maternity care providers from primary to tertiary levels of health care. The questions that this guideline seeks to address are: How, and in what sett ...
... of using this guideline is improved outcomes for mother, baby, and child, through evidence-advised practice. The target users are multidisciplinary maternity care providers from primary to tertiary levels of health care. The questions that this guideline seeks to address are: How, and in what sett ...
Report from the Obstetrics Clinical Committee
... and that many patients are transferred to the public system for this service. The Committee ...
... and that many patients are transferred to the public system for this service. The Committee ...
Safety of bronchodilators and corticosteroids for asthma during
... severe or unstable asthma were excluded from the study. The study revealed no significant difference in the proportion of asthma exacerbations between the two treatment groups, but the beclomethasone treated group was less likely to discontinue treatment due to side effects and have forced expirator ...
... severe or unstable asthma were excluded from the study. The study revealed no significant difference in the proportion of asthma exacerbations between the two treatment groups, but the beclomethasone treated group was less likely to discontinue treatment due to side effects and have forced expirator ...
The 11–13+6 weeks scan - The Fetal Medicine Centre
... trisomy 21 are skin deficient in elasticity, giving the appearance of being too large for the body, and flat face with a small nose. In the 1990s, it was realized that the excess skin of individuals with Down’s syndrome can be visualized by ultrasonography as increased nuchal translucency in the thi ...
... trisomy 21 are skin deficient in elasticity, giving the appearance of being too large for the body, and flat face with a small nose. In the 1990s, it was realized that the excess skin of individuals with Down’s syndrome can be visualized by ultrasonography as increased nuchal translucency in the thi ...
Is there a role for expectant management?
... references 30-32). However, delivery is not always in the best interests of the fetus; therefore, exceptions to this recommendation may be made (below). The rationale for delaying delivery in these pregnancies is to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality by delivery of a more mature fetus and, to ...
... references 30-32). However, delivery is not always in the best interests of the fetus; therefore, exceptions to this recommendation may be made (below). The rationale for delaying delivery in these pregnancies is to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality by delivery of a more mature fetus and, to ...
Early embryo cleavage is a strong indicator of embryo quality in
... which cleave early, i.e. complete the first mitotic division within 25–27 h post insemination, provide higher pregnancy and implantation rates. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this prospective study, an evaluation of 10 798 scored embryos showed that early cleavage resulted in a significantly higher proport ...
... which cleave early, i.e. complete the first mitotic division within 25–27 h post insemination, provide higher pregnancy and implantation rates. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this prospective study, an evaluation of 10 798 scored embryos showed that early cleavage resulted in a significantly higher proport ...
Pre-Eclampsia – the silent killer
... in the latter half of her pregnancy, then the diagnosis is almost always Pre Eclampsia. Some swelling (oedema) is common in normal pregnancy, but excessive swelling which also involves the face can occur in Pre Eclampsia. In severe Pre Eclampsia, symptoms can appear, including severe headaches, vis ...
... in the latter half of her pregnancy, then the diagnosis is almost always Pre Eclampsia. Some swelling (oedema) is common in normal pregnancy, but excessive swelling which also involves the face can occur in Pre Eclampsia. In severe Pre Eclampsia, symptoms can appear, including severe headaches, vis ...
Hypertension in Pregnancy I R A
... The use of diuretics in the treatment of hypertensive pregnant women remains controversial. The risk is largely theoretical, as it may potentiate the volume depletion seen in preeclampsia, especially since fetal outcome is worse in women with chronic hypertension who do not have expansion of plasma ...
... The use of diuretics in the treatment of hypertensive pregnant women remains controversial. The risk is largely theoretical, as it may potentiate the volume depletion seen in preeclampsia, especially since fetal outcome is worse in women with chronic hypertension who do not have expansion of plasma ...
Mean Fetal kidney length - journal of evidence based medicine and
... Accurate assessment of gestational age is pivotal to the quality of maternal care. It guides the management of pregnancies, in which labour ensues less than 38 weeks or fails to ensue after 42 weeks. Failure of accurate gestational age assessment can result in iatrogenic prematurity or post maturity ...
... Accurate assessment of gestational age is pivotal to the quality of maternal care. It guides the management of pregnancies, in which labour ensues less than 38 weeks or fails to ensue after 42 weeks. Failure of accurate gestational age assessment can result in iatrogenic prematurity or post maturity ...
Interruption of nonviable pregnancies of 24–28 weeks
... [5], this document considers the procedure time to be the interval between initiation of uterotonics (e.g., misoprostol) and fetal expulsion. Although time is typically a nonparametric assessment, we incorporated data from studies that also reported means. • Outcome success: Studies varied in their ...
... [5], this document considers the procedure time to be the interval between initiation of uterotonics (e.g., misoprostol) and fetal expulsion. Although time is typically a nonparametric assessment, we incorporated data from studies that also reported means. • Outcome success: Studies varied in their ...
Preeclampsia–Eclampsia | SpringerLink
... Antenatal care has been identified as the single intervention which could influence the maternal mortality of our country. Many women still seem to be unreached with this basic pregnancy evaluation. Most of the patients reported by the registry were registered for antenatal care either in the second ...
... Antenatal care has been identified as the single intervention which could influence the maternal mortality of our country. Many women still seem to be unreached with this basic pregnancy evaluation. Most of the patients reported by the registry were registered for antenatal care either in the second ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Therefore, the presence of isolated echogenic intracardiac foci or pyelectasis is unlikely to be of clinical consequence, and further risk adjustment is not required if the patient already had screening. If not, then serum screening or cellfree fetal DNA testing should be offered (Table 1). Shortene ...
... Therefore, the presence of isolated echogenic intracardiac foci or pyelectasis is unlikely to be of clinical consequence, and further risk adjustment is not required if the patient already had screening. If not, then serum screening or cellfree fetal DNA testing should be offered (Table 1). Shortene ...
Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage: Diagnosis and initial
... • Information about post-operative care (for women undergoing surgery). • What to expect during the recovery period – for example, when it is possible to resume sexual activity and/or try to conceive again, and what to do if she becomes pregnant again. This information should be tailored to the care ...
... • Information about post-operative care (for women undergoing surgery). • What to expect during the recovery period – for example, when it is possible to resume sexual activity and/or try to conceive again, and what to do if she becomes pregnant again. This information should be tailored to the care ...
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
... internal cervical os should be documented. The umbilical cord should be imaged and the number of vessels in the cord documented. The placental cord insertion site should be documented when technically possible. ...
... internal cervical os should be documented. The umbilical cord should be imaged and the number of vessels in the cord documented. The placental cord insertion site should be documented when technically possible. ...
Miscarriage
Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently. Some use the cutoff of 20 weeks of gestation after which fetal death is known as a stillbirth. The most common symptoms of a miscarriage is vaginal bleeding. This may occur with or without pain. Tissue or clot like material may also come out the vagina. Sadness, anxiety, and guilt may also occur.Risk factors for miscarriage include an older mother or father, previous miscarriage, exposure to tobacco smoke, obesity, diabetes, and drug or alcohol use, among others. In those under the age of 35 the risk is about 10% while it is about 45% in those over the age of 40. Risk begins to increase around the age of 30. About 80% of miscarriages occur in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy (the first trimester). The underlying mechanism in about half of cases involves chromosomal abnormalities. Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include an ectopic pregnancy and implantation bleeding. Diagnosis of a miscarriage may involve checking to see if the cervix is open or closed, testing blood levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and an ultrasound.Prevention is occasionally possible with good prenatal care. This may involve avoiding drugs and alcohol, infectious diseases, and radiation. No specific treatment is usually needed during the first 7 to 14 days. Most women will complete the miscarriage without interventions. Occasionally the medication misoprostol or a procedure known as dilation and curettage (D&C) is required to remove the failed pregnancy. Women who are rhesus negative may require Rho(D) immune globulin. Pain medication and emotional support may be beneficial.Miscarriage is the most common complication of early pregnancy. Among women who know they are pregnant, the miscarriage rate is roughly 10% to 20% while rates among all conceptions is around 30% to 50%. About 5% of women have two miscarriages in a row. Some recommend not using the term ""abortion"" in discussions with those experiencing a miscarriage in an effort to decrease distress.