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Medical Terminology / Lecture -1- INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY S.L dr.Ghassan Majid 1 The basics ANATOMY OF A MEDICAL TERM ( o o 2 Medical Terminology / Lecture -1- ANALYZING MEDICAL TERMS S.L dr.Ghassan Majid 3 TABLE 1.1 WORD PART GUIDELINES 1. A word root cannot stand alone. A suffix must be added to complete the term. 2. The rules for creating a combining form by adding a vowel apply when a suffix beginning with a consonant is added to a word root. These rules are explained in Table 1.3. 3. When a prefix is necessary, it is always placed at the beginning of the word. TABLE 1.3 RULES FOR USING COMBINING FORM VOWELS 1. A combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with a consonant. For example, when neur/o (nerve) is joined with the suffix -plasty (surgical repair), the combining vowel “o” is used because -plasty begins with a consonant. Neuroplasty (NEW-roh-plas-tee) is the surgical repair of a nerve (neur/o means nerve, and -plasty means surgical repair). 2. A combining vowel is not used when the suffix begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u). For example, when neur/o (nerve) is joined with the suffix -itis (inflammation), no combining vowel is used because -itis begins with a vowel. Neuritis (new-RYE-tis) is inflammation of a nerve or nerves (neur means nerve, and -itis means inflammation). 3. A combining vowel is used when two or more word roots are joined. For example, gastroenteritis combines two word roots with a suffix. When gastr/o (stomach) is joined with enter/o (small intestine), the combining vowel is used with gastr/o. A combining vowel is not used with enter/o because it is joining the suffix -itis, which begins with a vowel. Gastroenteritis (gas-troh-en-ter-EYE-tis) is an inflammation of the stomach and small intestine (gastr/o means stomach, enter means small intestine, and -itis means inflammation). 4 Word Meaning cardiologist (car-dee-ALL-oh-jist) One who specializes in the study of diseases and disorders of the heart; -logist (one who specializes) is a suffix; o is the combining vowel. cardiology (car-dee-ALL-oh-gee) The study of the heart; -logy (the study of) is a suffix; o is the combining vowel. carditis (car-DYE-tis) Inflammation of the heart; -itis (inflammation) is a suffix. cardiac (CAR-dee-ak) Pertaining to the heart; -ac (pertaining to) is a suffix. dermatologist (der-mah-TALL-oh-jist) One who specializes in the study of diseases and disorders of the skin; -logist (one who specializes) is a suffix; o is the combining vowel. dermatology (der-mah-TALL-oh-gee) The study of the skin; -logy (the study of) is a suffix; o is the combining vowel. dermatitis (der-mah-TYE-tis) Inflammation of the skin; -itis (inflammation) is a suffix. dermatosis (der-mah-TOH-sis) Any condition of the skin; -osis (condition) is a suffix. acrodermatitis (ack-roh-der-mah-TYE-tis) Inflammation of the skin of the extremities; -itis (inflammation) is a suffix; dermat is a word root; acr (extremities) is a word root; o is the combining vowel. hypodermic (high-poh-DER-mik) Pertaining to under the skin; -ic (pertaining to) is a suffix; hypo (under) is a prefix. 5