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Download Medical vocabulary : prefixes Prefix Meaning Example A,an
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Medical vocabulary : prefixes Prefix Meaning Example A,an Ab Ad Absence of, with out, not From, away to, toward, near atrophy abduction adduction Allo Ambi Ante another (human) both before allografft ambidextrous anteversion Anti Auto Bi against self two antibiotic autograft bipolar Bio Circum Contra life around against, opposed biology circumduction contraindication Cortico Di Dis cortex, cortical two the opposite of, apart corticospinal dichromatic disarticulation Dors Dys Ect back abnormal external dorsiflexion dysplasia octoderm En in, internal endocrine Endo Ent inner, within inner, within endocardium entropion Epi Erythr Ex on, outer red from, without epidural erythrocyte exostosis Exo outside exoskeleton Extra Hemi outside, in addition half extracapsular hemisphere Heter Hom Hyper other same excessive, more than normal heterogenous homogenous hyperextention Hyp In Infra below, less than normal within, into, not below, inferior hypoplasia incomplete infrapatellar Inter Intra Iso between within same, normal interosseus intravenous isotonic Leuk Mal Micro White disordered, bad small leukocytes malignancy microcephalus Myel Para Path marrow, spinal cord beside, alongside, parallel disease myelogram paravertebral pathologist Ped Per Peri children through around, about pedratrician percutaneous periosteum Poly Post Pre many after before, anterior polycentric postoperative preoperative Pro Pseudo Quad before, for false four progressive pseudoarthrosis quadriceps Retro Semi Septi posterior, behind half poison retrograde semicircular septicemia Sub Super Supra under above, greater, over above, upon, superior subcapsular superior supracondylar Sym, Syn Trans Tri Uni with, together across, beyound, through three one symphysis transverse triceps unilateral Medical vocabulary: root words Root Meaning Example Angi Arthr Card(i) vessel joint heart angioplasty arthrodesis cardiology Celi(o) Cephal Cerebr cavity head brain celioscopy cephalad cerebrum Cervic Chondr Col neck cartilage colon cervical chondrocranium colectomy Corp Cost Cut body rib skin corpectomy costal cutaneous Cyst Derma Dur sac, bladder skin Dura mater osteocystoma dermatome peridural Enter Fibr Gastr small intestine fiber stomach enteritis fibrocystis gastrointestinal Hem, hema Hepat Hist blood liver tissue hematoma hepatitis histology Lapar Lip Lumb abdomen, flank fat lumbar laparotomy liposuction lumbosacral Mening Muscul Myo membrane muscle muscle meningitis musculoskeletal myocardium Nephr Neur Os, oste Pharyng Phleb Pulmon kidney nerve bone pharynx vein lung nephretomy neuroma osteomyelitis faryngitis phlebitis pulmonia Radicul Sacr Spondyl root sacrum vertebra radiculitis sacral spondylopathy Thec Thorac Ureter dura mater chest ureter thecal sac thoracotomy ureteritis Medical vocabulary: suffixes Suffix Meaning Example Algia Desis pain fusion neuralgia arthrorodesis Ectomy removal,excision,extirpation synovectomy Emia Esthesia Genic blood feeling,sensation causing, origin anemia anesthesia osteogenic Graph Iasis Itis Listhesis Lysis Ocentesis something written condition of inflammation displacement breaking down, reduction puncture, aspiration of monograph lithiasis arthritis spondylolisthesis hydrolysis amniocentesis Ogram Olithectomy Olithiasis examination of removal of stones stones cholangiogram nephrolithectomy nephrolithiasis Ology Oma Opathy science of, study of tumor disease rheumatology osteoma osteopathy Opexy Oplasty Opsy fixation repair, surgical formation of examination omentopexy arthroplasty biopsy Orrhaphy Oscopy Osis surgical repair to view state of many herniorrhaphy arthroscopy scoliosis Ostasis Ostomy Otome control, stop drainage a cutting instrument hemostasis colostomy osteotome Otomy Paresis Plegia cutting into mild paralysis paralysis arthrotomy hemiparesis paraplegia Rrhea Scope Scopist Sthenia discharge, flow instrument for viewing who uses a scope strength diarrhea arthroscope laparoscopist myasthenia Rules to combine medical word components In general, the rules of combination are simple and straightforward. There are exceptions, and the best advice is to ask someone who is knowledgeable or look it up in a book. There is no substitute for a good medical dictionary and sound advice from a physician. When combining a root word and a suffix, a combining vowel must be added. This is usually an "o." In the listing given in this manual, many terms have this combining vowel already added. This was done for simplicity. When the suffix starts with a vowel, the “o" is usually not added. For example, in the word "arthritis" (which means joint inflammation), an "o" is not used. When a root word has the "o" added to it, it is called a "combining form." When combining two root words, the combining vowel is maintained, even if the second root begins with a vowel. Take the word “osteoarthritis," formed by oste-o-arthr-itis (inflammation or infection of the bone and joint). When using two root words; the first root word will correspond to the structure that is most proximal anatomically, or using direction of flow (this will become clear as you continue your study of medical terminology). When reading a medical term, start your translation with the suffix, then the beginning of the term and across the word. Osteoarthritis should be interpreted "itis" (inflammation ), "osteo"(bone) and "arthr" (joint), an inflammation of the bone and joint. Surgical positions The surgeon will place a patient’s body in different position on the surgical table in order to gain access to different internal organs (viscera). Some of these positions have become standard and are used routinely. In the field you will see variations according to each surgeon’s preference. Supine or dorsal recumbent: Lying on the back Prone: Lying on the abdomen (face down) Knee-chest: kneeling with face down and knees bent Lithotomy: lying on the back, thighs elevated and the legs flexed at right angles to body perineum exposed Trendelenburg: Lying supine with head tilted down Lateral recumbent or lateral decubitus: Lying on the side
