Download Revolutionary War

Slide 1
___________________________________
Revolutionary War
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 2
___________________________________
Lexington & Concord
April 18, 1775
 General Thomas Gage- British
commander sent scouts near Boston to
seize colonial arms found in Concord
 Paul Revere “The redcoats are coming!”
 Colonists
___________________________________

– Badly outnumbered
– Good sharpshooters
– Women helped with fighting.
Result: War was inevitable.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 3
___________________________________
Second Continental Congress
 May
1775 colonial delegates met in
Philadelphia
 After the Battle of Lexington and
Concord
 Most delegates hoped to avoid a war
with Britain
 Wrote up the Olive Branch Petition
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 4
Peace or War



Olive Branch Petition:
Delegates sent a petition to
King George III declaring
their loyalty to the king if
he would repeal (do away
with) the Intolerable Acts.
King George III was furious
and ordered 20,000 more
soldiers to the colonies.
Congress did not learn of
this until months later when
war could not be avoided.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 5
___________________________________
Patriots


Patriots are individuals
that wanted independence
Disadvantages
– Poorly organized and trained
– Few cannons, gunpowder

Advantages
– Fighting at home
– Good shooters
– Brilliant leader – George
Washington
Slide 6
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Loyalists & British

Loyalist is someone loyal
to the king
___________________________________
– Also called a Tory


Politics in England supporting a
king & his power
Disadvantages
– Many fled to Canada or
England
– Those that stayed risked
attacks
– 3,000 miles away from
home

Advantages
– Highly trained, experienced
– Best Navy in the world
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Three goals of England to win
the War
1-Blockade the seaports
2-Capture the capital
3-Control the Mississippi River
Slide 7
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Ticonderoga- May 1775
 Ethan
Allen: Vermont blacksmith
who led a band of Green Mountain
Boys to attack this fort held by the
British.
 Green Mountain Boys entered the
fort and Britain surrendered.
 Result: Colonists receive cannons
and gunpowder, and valuable route
to Canada.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 8
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 9
Bunker Hill/Breed’s Hill- June 1775


Colonel William Prescott:
___________________________________
___________________________________
– Led 1,200 minutemen up Bunker Hill.
– Fired on British ships in Boston harbor
___________________________________
– Let 2,400 redcoats
– Took 3 tries before redcoats were able to take over the
hill
___________________________________
General William Howe:

Don’t fire until you see the white of their eyes!
Results:
1,000 redcoats dead
400 Americans dead
Washington wins loyalty with troops.
Blockade on ports – supplies can’t go in
or out
Mercenaries or troops for hire sent to fight the
colonists -Hessians
Slide 10
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 11
___________________________________
America Declares Independence

Thomas Paine wrote pamphlet
– Called Common Sense
– Sold many colonists the idea of independence

Continental Congress votes for
independence
– Asks a young Thomas Jefferson to write the
Document
 He
goes on to become our third president
– Vote on it July 2, 1776
– They don’t like some of the wording
– Final vote (ratified) on it July 4, 1776
Slide 12
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Declaration of Independence


Three main parts to it
Preamble or Introduction
– Lists natural rights of all men


Created equal, life, liberty & pursuit of happiness
Government is created to protect these rights
Wrongs done by the King
 Colonies have the right to break away

– Announces the United States of America
– Signatures of the Continental Congress

___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
John Hancock
___________________________________
Slide 13
___________________________________
Long Island-Late July 1776
 British-
34,000 troops & 10,000
sailors.
 Americans- 20,000 poorly trained
troops with no navy.
 Howe vs Washington
– British soldiers were able to capture
Long Island
Result: 1,400 Americans killed or
wounded. Washington retreated North.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 14
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 15
___________________________________
Long Island



Nathan Hale: a young
Connecticut officer
volunteered to go
behind British lines to
spy on British troops.
Hale was captured and
searched.
Howe ordered Hale to
be hung.
– “I only regret that I
have but one life to lose
for my country.”
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 16
___________________________________
Trenton -December 1776
 George
Washington
– Led troops on a surprise attack on
Trenton.
– Christmas day they went across the icy
Delaware River.
– Americans took the Hessian troops
prisoner.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 17
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 18
___________________________________
Battle of Princeton
 General
Charles Cornwallis
British Officer set out to retake Trenton
“At last we have run down the old fox and
we will bag him in the morning.”
 Result:
– George Washington fooled Cornwallis by
leaving fires lit.
– American Victory
– Brought new hope to Americans
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 19
___________________________________
Saratoga- October 1777

General John Burgoyne: British General who
presented a plan
– British troops should cut off New England colonies
from the rest.
– General Horatio Gates gets credit for the victory,
but it really was Benedict Arnold that did it


Nicknamed “Granny Gates”
Victory at Saratoga
– Americans were able to surround
Burgoyne’s soldiers.
– Burgoyne surrendered his entire
army
Results:
- Brought new hope to Americans
- Convinced France to become an ally
to the Americans.
Slide 20
European Aide

___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Netherlands, Spain
___________________________________
Marquis de Lafayette:
___________________________________
– French noble brought trained
soldiers to help Patriots
– Became one of Washington’s closest
friends

___________________________________
France:
– Loans to the Americans

___________________________________
___________________________________
– King Louis XVI provided extra military
aid and a navy

___________________________________
America gains Allies
– two or more individuals, groups, or countries
working together to support each other.

___________________________________
Friedrich von Steuben:
– A Prussian drillmaster who trained Washington’s
troops to march and drill.
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 21
___________________________________
Valley Forge
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 22
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 23
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 24
Valley Forge 1777-1778

Washington’s army suffered through this winter.
– Soldiers shivered in damp, drafty huts
– Some soldiers have no shoes, so they wrapped bits of
cloth around their feet
“I am sick-discontented-and out of humor. Poor foodhard lodging-cold weather-fatigue-nasty clothes-nasty
cookery…a pox on my bad luck! There comes a bowl of
beef soup full of burnt leaves and dirt.”
-Albigence Waldo 1777

However, it was even worse at Morristown, NJ
the next winter, but Valley Forge gets all the
attention
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 25
___________________________________
War in the West

Indian allies of the British:
– Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws

Vincennes – Feb 1779
– Americans with Miami Indians able to take
over fort Vincennes.

Bernardo de Galvez:
– Governor of Spanish Louisiana
– Favored the Patriots and secretly supplied
guns, medicine and other supplies
– Spain entered war against Britain in 1779
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 26
Betsy Ross
 Credited
in 1779
for making the first U.S. flag
– This may not be true
 British
Flag is called the “Union Jack”
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 27
___________________________________
War at Sea
 John
Paul Jones
 Serapis vs Bonhomme Richard
– British asked him to surrender, he says “I
have only begun to fight!”
- Sept 1779
A
British warship that
was captured by the
Americans
– Father of the U.S.
Navy
Slide 28
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Battle of Cowpens- Jan, 1781

General Greene:
– An American from Rhode Island
– Took command of Continental Army in the
South.

General Morgan:
– An American from Virginia
– Led a victory at Cowpens, SC

Guerrilla warfare
– Hit and run tactics used to harass the British
– Appear out of the swamps, attack, disappear
back in the swamps.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 29
___________________________________
An American Traitor
 Benedict
Arnold:
– Formerly one of the
American’s best
generals.
– 1780 agreed to turn
over West Point to the
British.
– Joined the British army
– Both Thomas Jefferson
& George Washington
wanted to capture
Arnold.
– He was never caught.
Slide 30
 Cornwallis:
Yorktown
– British Commander
– Trapped on the Yorktown peninsula
– Surrendered his army on October 19th 1781
Result: American Victory
-Treaty of Paris
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 31
Yorktown
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 32
Battle of Yorktown
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 33
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 34
___________________________________
Treaty of Paris
___________________________________
Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay
sent to London to work out the treaty.
 Treaty
___________________________________
– Britain recognized the United States as an
independent nation.
– Land from the Atlantic to the Mississippi river.
– Congress ratified (approved) the treaty on
April 15, 1783. 8 years after Lexington &
Concord
___________________________________

___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 35
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 36
How Did the American’s Win?
 Geography
 Defensive
War
 Foreign Help
 American’s growing patriotism
 Military leadership
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________