Download 9.4 War of 1812 1 September 24, 2012 Privateer 9/20/12

9.4 War of 1812
September 24, 2012
9/20/12
Privateer
A private person or ship authorized by a government by letters of marque (mar­key) to attack foreign shipping during wartime. During the War of 1812, private American vessels attacked foreign ships under the United States flag.
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The War of 1812
Frigate
any of several types of warship. During the War of 1812 the United States had one named the Constitution
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Old Ironsides
nickname given to the Navy frigate the USS Constitution after witnesses to the Battle of New Orleans saw it destroy two British vessels
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How did we get to the War of 1812?
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9.4 War of 1812
September 24, 2012
Call for War
Embargo Act
Violations of Neutrality
Non­Intercourse Act
­ The evidence of British support for Tecumseh further inflamed Americans.
­ Several young members of Congress—called War Hawks by their opponents—took the lead in calling for war against Britain.
How did we get to the War of 1812?
­Henry Clay of KY John C. Calhoun of SC, and Felix Grundy of TN
­ War as only answer to British insults, Federalists did not want war (like British)
Conflict in West
War Hawks
Battle of Tippacanoe
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War is Declared
Early Battles
Madison spoke to Congress and blasted Great Britain’s conduct. ­ War Hawks thought theWar of 1812 would a quick and easy fight.
­ He asked Congress to decide how the nation should respond.
­ They were wrong
­ Their response: WAR!!! (first time in US History war had been declared)
­ The War would last for
two grueling years.
­ Interesting because it is the
War of 1812
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United States
War at Sea
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United States
War at Sea
Britain
­ American Navy had fewer than 20 ships in their fleet
­ British Navy had hudreds of ships in their fleets
­ Sailers are well­trained with new ships
­ Ships were scatted around the globe
­ defeated British ships several times in one­on­one duels.
­ Embarrassed from losing to Americans
War on Land
­ State militia did not cross into Canada "we do not need to fight in another country"
­ William Hazard Perry won the Battle of Lake Erie and helped WH Harrison march into Canada (Sep 1813)
­ Battle of Thames River: Harrison beats British and Indian force: end of Tecumseh (Oct 1813)
Britain
­ British soldiers and Indians led by Tecumseh captured Fort Detroit.
­ After defeating France, they sent more troops to America in April 1814
­ Begin to attack the east coast
­ Burn Washington, head to Baltimore
­ Fail at Baltimore sail on to New Orleans
­Andrew Jackson wins battles in the South: The Creek War forces Creek Indians out of their lands (Spring 1814)
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9.4 War of 1812
September 24, 2012
Battle of New Orleans
­ British commanders hoped to capture the city and thus take control of the Mississippi River.
­ Andrew Jackson commanded the U.S. forces around New Orleans
­Pirates, free blacks, US Army, State Militia, Choctaw Indians all part of his group
­ Some 5,300 British troops attacked Jackson’s force of about 4,500.
­ British marched towards US in an open field.....results?
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End of War
Ducks on the pond!
Effects
­ 2,000 British soldiers were killed or wounded.
­ 70 US were killed or wounded
­ Andrew Jackson becomes hero (later president, even before Harrison)
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­ Before the battle of New Orleans, a group of NE Federalists gathered secretly at Hartford, CT
­ They agreed to oppose the war went to Washington to tell congress then found out the war was over and we won. Everyone laughed at them.
­ In fact, Jackson didnt know the war was over either. It was over before the
Battle of New Orleans!
The Treaty of Ghent: signed Dec 24, 1814 Battle of NO: Jan 9, 1815
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