Download 1 ENVS 250 - Exam 2 Lab Time (Circle One): Tuesday AM Tuesday

ENVS 250 - Exam 2
Lab Time (Circle One): Tuesday AM Tuesday PM
Regis I.D. Number (NO NAMES): ______________________
Part One. Short answer (3 points each). Circle the BEST answer. There is only one correct answer.
1.
Some individuals in a population have genetic traits that enhance their ability to survive and produce offspring, a
process called
a. natural selection
b. adaptability
c. genetic drift
d. mutation
e. scientific theory
2. Biological evolution by natural selection is when genes _____, individuals _____, and populations _____.
a. evolve; mutate; are selected
b. are selected; mutate; evolve
c. mutate; evolve; are selected
d. evolve; are selected; mutate
e. mutate; are selected; evolve
3. A species’ way of life in a community is its
a. role
b. habitat
c. ecological niche
d. geographical location
e. ecological job
4. A species with a broad niche is considered a(n)
a. endemic species
b. endangered species
c. specialist species
d. native species
e. generalist species
5. Which of the following is not an example of a cause for the decline of amphibians?
a. habitat loss
b. prolonged rainy periods
c. pollution
d. increases in UV radiation
e. parasites
6. A species in an ecosystem that plays a central role in the health of that ecosystem, and whose removal may cause
the collapse of the ecosystem, is called a(n)
a. foundation species
b. indicator species
c. native species
d. keystone species
e. specialist species
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7. Which of the following is said to occur when one organism feeds on the body of, or the energy used by, another
organism?
a. interspecific competition
b. predation
c. parasitism
d. mutualism
e. commensalism
8. When populations of two different species interact over long periods of time, changes in the gene pool of one
species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other. This is called
a. competition
b. coevolution
c. coincidence
d. commensalism
e. predation
9. Plants such as bromeliads share a commensalism interaction with large trees in tropical and subtropical forests.
The bromeliads are an example of
a. parasites
b. opportunistic parasites
c. epiphytes
d. prey
e. herbivores
10. Kelp forests are a very important ecosystem in marine waters by supporting important biodiversity. These kelp
forests are threatened by all of the following except
a. water pollution containing herbicides
b. sea urchins
c. southern sea otters
d. humans
e. water pollution containing fertilizers
11. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) is
a. the rate at which a population will reach its carrying capacity
b. the rate at which a population would grow with unlimited resources
c. determined by subtracting deaths from births and emigration from immigration
d. not influenced by environmental resistance
e. highest in large animals such as elephants and humans
12. “The maximum population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely without being
degraded” is the definition of
a. logistic growth
b. environmental resistance
c. exponential growth
d. carrying capacity
e. biotic potential
13. Which of the following would exhibit primary succession?
a. a rock exposed by a retreating glacier
b. an abandoned farm
c. a clear-cut forest
d. newly flooded land
e. a recently burned forest
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14. Population change is calculated using which of the following formulas?
a. (deaths + emigration) – (births + immigration)
b. (births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration)
c. (deaths + immigration) – (births + emigration)
d. (births + emigration) – (deaths + immigration)
e. (births + deaths) – (immigration + emigration)
15. Which of the following is not one of the factors currently affecting birth and fertility rates?
a. number of people 60 or older
b. cost of raising and educating children
c. urbanization
d. educational and employment opportunities for women
e. average age at marriage
Generalized Population Age Structure Diagrams
Use the Figure above to answer the following questions.
16. Which diagram has a strong likelihood of rapid population growth?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. None of the above
17. Which diagram shows a declining population?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. None of the above
18. For the United States, Australia, and Canada, which gender is represented by the largest numbers in the later years
of life?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. None of the above
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19. Which of the following is a local area’s short-term temperature, precipitation, and humidity?
a. climate
b. weather
c. biomes
d. ecosystems
e. currents
20. Prevailing winds are the result of what?
a. temperature
b. direction the sun strikes the earth
c. rotation of the earth on its axis
d. ocean currents
e. sun storms
21. The rain shadow effect refers to
a. more light on the windward side of mountain ranges
b. more moisture on the leeward side of mountain ranges
c. moister conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges
d. drier conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges
e. less light available on the leeward side of mountain ranges
22. The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is
a. soil type
b. topography
c. magnetic fields
d. climate
e. tidal activity
23. Which of the following is the big disadvantage of living in a chaparral region?
a. too much rain
b. fire hazard
c. too little rain
d. too many venomous snakes
e. bothersome rodent populations
24. Trees of the tropical rainforest are characterized by leaves that are
a. needlelike
b. broadleaf and deciduous
c. needlelike and deciduous
d. needlelike and evergreen
e. broadleaf and evergreen
25. “Oh Wow!” you exclaim as you notice what you think is a new species of algae floating on the surface of a
coastal zone, due to your training in ENVS 250, you would likely consider it a type of
a. benthos
b. zooplankton
c. nekton
d. phytoplankton
e. extremeplankton
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26. Oysters, clams, and lobsters would be part of which of the following?
a. phytoplankton
b. zooplankton
c. nekton
d. benthos
e. decomposers
27. Found along some 70 % of gently sloping sandy and silty coastlines in tropical and subtropical regions, and
consisting of some 69 species of trees that live in salty water, are the
a. seagrass beds
b. barrier beaches
c. barrier islands
d. coral reefs
e. mangrove forests
28. In certain open sea areas winds, ocean currents, and other factors cause water to come up from the depths to the
surface bringing nutrient from the ocean bottom. This process is called a(n)
a. downdraft
b. updraft
c. El Niño
d. La Niña
e. upwelling
29. Deep lakes with steep banks that have a small supply of plant nutrients are
a. oligotrophic lakes
b. eutrophic lakes
c. culturally eutrophic lakes
d. hypereutrophic lakes
e. mesotrophic lakes
30. A type of inland wetland that is dominated by grasses and reeds, with few trees, is
a. floodplains
b. swamps
c. marshes
d. prairie potholes
e. Arctic tundra
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