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Muscular System- Interesting Facts The body has about 650 muscles. The largest muscle in your body is the gluteus maximus (the buttock). The body’s most flexible muscle is your tongue. The word muscle is a Latin term meaning “little mouse”. People thought bulging muscles looked like a little mouse running under your skin. It’s easier to smile than frown. It takes less than 20 facial muscles to smile, and twice as many muscles to frown. A muscle strain is when a muscles pulls too hard and damages some of its fibers. A muscle tear is like a strain but the muscle fibers split. A joint sprain is when a joint moves too far and its parts become swollen, stiff, and painful. Some headaches are caused by problems with the muscles. For instance, spasms in the neck can restrict the flow of blood to the head. Circulatory System 1. During a typical day, the adult heart pumps out about 2,000 gallons of blood. That is enough blood to fill 50 bathtubs. 2. The heart pumps about 5 quarts of blood each minute. 3. When you exercise, your heart beats faster, 150 times each minute. 4. If all of your blood vessels were taken out of your body and laid end to end, they would stretch 62,000 miles. That’s the same distance of going around the earth 2 ½ times! The Digestive System 1. An adult stomach can hold up to 4 pints of food and beverages. 2. Most food stays in the stomach for 1 to 4 hours. 3. In a year, an adult eats ½ a ton of food and needs about 185 gallons of water (50 bathtubs full). 4. The brain plays a vital role in hunger and thirst. 5. In 1822, William Beaumont, an American doctor, experimented on a patient with a permanent hole in his stomach. 6. Your stomach begins to contract and make juices as soon as you see or smell food. 7. Your small intestine is about 20 feet long. If it was straight instead of bend, you would be about 26 feet tall. 8. The liver is the largest organ inside of the human body. It weighs an average of 3 to 4 lbs. It has the amazing ability to repair and regrow parts of itself if it is injured. 9. Fresh urine doesn’t have much of a smell but old urine smells like ammonia (because of the bacteria that starts to break it down). 10. In your lifetime, you make about 12,000 gallons of urine. It’s enough to fill a large swimming pool. 11. In the US, there are about 76,000 million cases of food related illnesses each year. 12. If you don’t chew your food well, the pieces are too solid to be digested and most of the nutrients are wasted. Excretory System 1. When kidneys become diseased or fail, the blood is not filter properly and waste builds up. A kidney dialysis machine must be used to do the job of the kidneys’ job. 2. Fresh urine does not have much of an odor, but old urine smell like ammonia (because of the bacteria starting to break down the urine). 3. Urine is mostly water and salts. 4. You make about 12,000 gallons of urine in your lifetime, enough to fill a large swimming pool. 5. Your bladder can hold about 1 pint of liquid, although it can stretch to hold twice as much. 6. You feel the need to urinate when there is about 1 cup of urine in your bladder. 7. All of your body’s blood is filtered by the kidneys every 10 minutes. 8. So, your blood is filtered about 150 times per day! Nervous System 1. The brain is made of many microscopic nerve cells with trillions of long, wire-like fibers and connections. 2. At birth the body is only 4% of its adult size, but the brain is already about 33% of its adult size at birth. 3. During a stroke, a lack of blood to the brain, maybe caused by a blocked artery, results in brain cells dying. It may take someone a long time to recover from a stroke because the undamaged parts of the brain have to learn to take over for the damaged parts. 4. The cranium or skull bone protects the brain from knocks and blows. The hair and skin on the head help to prevent the brain from getting too hot or too cold. 5. The average adult brain weighs about 3 lbs. The largest human brain weighed in at 6 lbs and 6 ounces. There is no link between brain size and degree of intelligence. 6. The brain registers pain from other parts of the body so that you know when you are hurt. However, the brain itself has no pain sensors! 7. Brain waves can be detected by sensors on the head, which can switch a device on and off. These sensors allow some people that are paralyzed to control devices such as computers, just by thinking! 8. Nerve signals pass along the nerves at speeds of up to 400 feet per second! 9. Squids have huge nerve fibers that can be easily studied, cut, and joined together to help scientists learn more about how nerves work. 10. The spinal cord is about 18 inches long and as thick as your pinkie. 11. Nerve cells for pain travel slower than those for touch. That’s why when you stump your toe, you feel your toe touch something, then a split second later you feel the pain. 12. Laughter is good for you because it reduces the levels of a stress hormone, like adrenaline. 13. In 1964, Randy Gardner achieved a world record by staying awake for 11 day! 14. Fredrick Banting and Charles Best discovered insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. They also found that animal insulin can be used to treat diabetes, a condition in which the body cannot easily control the levels of sugar in the blood. 15. In 2003, Terry Wallis, who was 39, woke up after being in a coma for 19 years. His first word was “Mom”. 16. The adrenal glands make epinephrine, which gives the body a burst of energy by increasing the heart rate and blood flow. This allows the body to react quickly to danger or stress, by running away or facing it. This is called “flight or fight.” 17. There are more than 30 main hormones in your body that control a variety of functions.