Download Animal Organ Systems Working Together

1.21
Case Study
Regulating the Body
Animal Organ Systems Working
Together
All of your cells are organized in to tissues,
organs, and organ systems. To keep your body
healthy, your organ systems must work together.
In your circulatory system, for example, blood
carrying nut rien Is an (1 oxygen is mi ped to all
of the cells of the body. Wahout circulation, the
cells of your skin and digestive system could not
survive. In turn, the circulatory system relies on
oilier systems: the respiratory system stipplies
oxygen; the digestive systc in, which includes the
stomach and intestines, provides ii utnen 15.
Figure 1 shows how fotir organ systems rely on
each other.
(a) Name two other organ systems.
Supplying Nutrients and Removing
Wastes
Organ svsteiiis can he organized into two iiiain
groups. The first grotip of organ systems supplies
nutrients and removes waste (Figure 1).
4
air
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
• esophagus
• stomach
• lungs
• windppe
blood vessels
oxygen
food
waste
4ThRCULATORY
SYSTEM
cel
waste
r
(h) Why does the circtdatory system need the
respiratory system?
S
L
waste
•
•
•
•
•
(d) Wotild the ci rctilatory svst.ei n he
able to do its job without the
digestive svstem Explain.
(F) Speculate about what would happen to skin
cells if the circulatory system failed to work.
Why is a circulatory system necessary for skin
‘1
EXCRETORY
(c) Is the circtilatory system important
to the digestive system? Why?
(e) 1—low does the excretory system
help the circulatory system to
do its job?
kidneys
bladder
ureters
urethra
liver
(g) Which system, the nervous system or the endocrine
system, is best suited to (letect danger? Explain why.
oxygen and
food nutrients
food wast”
cell waste
c.e hIs?
tissues, and organs
IAFITWt I
Organ systems
work rg toge:”e
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Unit I
food
The second grotip of organ
svsteiiis regulates the body, as
Hey! Drop
shown iii Figure 2.
that steakl”
The endocrine system
angry chef “w%—*.J
produces chemical nwssengers
(called hormones) that travel
smell of steak
to other organs and tell the
organs how to adjust to what’s
taste of steak
/
inside
and
going on outside
V
thyroid
the body. The nervous system
detects what’s going on outside
heart
and inside the body and sends
electrical nwssages throughotit
the hock’.
In some situations. die
nervotis system and endocrine
Organ systems that regulate
other o’gar, systems
system work togetheit For
example, if a cougar jumps
into your path, your eyes
(and perhaps your ears and nose) detect the cougar
and send an electrical message to yotir brain through
the nervous system. Once you recognize that the
cotigar is dangerous and you decide to run away.
nerves carry electrical signals from your brain to our
muscles. The signals catise the muscles to contract,
and you begin to run.
Meanwhile, other nerves are carrying messages
from yotir brain to your endocrine glands. \btir
endocrine glands respond by pumping chemical
messengers into yotir blood. For example, there is a
small gland near the top of your kidneys that releases a
chemical nwssenger (called adrenaline) into yotir
blood. When the adrenaline reaches the cells of yotir
heart and yotir respiratory system, yonr heart starts
heating fiistei; and votir lungs take in more oxygen. The
i’estdt is tha yotir mtiscle cells suddenly have more
nutrients available to them, and yoti can run fhster.
• nutrient
waste
(h)What is the difference between a response
‘by the nervotis system and a response by the
endocrine system? Explain.
(i) If you stepped on a tack, how would yotir nervous
system respond? That other organ systems would
he signalled? Explain.
spinal cord
signal to endocrine
system: “produce
hormones”
adrenal
glands
signal to leg
muscles: run”
muscles
pavement
pancreas
hormone signal to
heart: “beat faster”
Understanding Concepts
1. Categorize the following organs
as either: Supplying nutrients and
removing wastes or Regulating
the body.
artery
brain
heart
eyes
kidney
stomach
2. How do nerves and muscles
work together?
3. Explain why organ systems that
regulate or control other body
systems are important.
Making Connections
4. How would the health ôf an
animal be affected if disease
damaged an organ that:
(a) delivered nutrients?
(b) remoyed wastes?
(c) informed it about
environmental change?
(d) controlled other organ
systems?
Reflecting
5. How does the statement “all for
one and one for all” apply to large,
mult:celled orgamisms?
(:dh,
‘i’jcsiges,
Oigniis. and Svs/nn.c
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