Download Music Therapy

Music and the Brain:
.
Music Therapy’s Role in
Brain Injury Rehabilitation
Kathleen Lyons, M.S., MT-BC, CBIS
Neurologic Music Therapist
Neurorehabilitation Specialist, Community Skills Program®
Where is Music Processed
in the Brain?
Hearing Starts with the Ear…
Brain Stem
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Brain Stem
♪ Processes sound reverberation to
determine location of sound’s origin
♪ Responsible for Rhythmic Autonomic
Functions:
♪ Respiration
♪ Heartbeat
♪ Blood pressure
Temporal Lobe
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Temporal Lobe
♪ Auditory Cortex interprets electrical
impulses into the sounds that we
experience
♪ Hippocampus processes memory aspects
of sounds
♪ Amygdala determines emotional
responses
Cerebellum
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Cerebellum
♪ Provides coordination and balance
needed for
♪ Clapping hands
♪ Tapping toes
♪ Playing an instrument
♪ Dancing
Occipital Lobe
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Occipital Lobe
♪ Visual Processing for
♪ Identifying instruments
♪ Reading music
♪ Interpreting musicians’ movements
Parietal Lobe
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Parietal Lobe
♪ Processes vibrations from instruments
or speakers that are felt on skin or
body
♪ Assists with Language Processing to
interpret and understand lyrics
Frontal Lobe
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Frontal Lobe
♪ Allows for cognition, problem-solving,
and reasoning to interpret and
anticipate musical progression
♪ Facilitates planning to assist in music
creation and writing
♪ Assists in developing motor skills for
playing instruments
Want to Know More?
This is Your Brain on Music:
The Science of a Human
Obsession
Daniel J. Levitin
New York, NY: Dutton,
2006
What Is Music Therapy?
“Music Therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use
of music interventions to accomplish individualized
goals within a therapeutic relationship by a
credentialed professional who has completed an
approved music therapy program.”
-American Music Therapy Association, 2005
Brief History of
Music Therapy
♪ Aristotle & Plato: Music as a healing influence
♪ 1800s: First record of a music therapy intervention
♪ 20th century profession after WWI
♪ 1944: First college training program started
Brief History of
Music Therapy
(continued)
♪ 1950 and 1971: Professional associations formed
♪ 1980: Music Therapy, a research and clinical
journal, first published
♪ 1985: Board-certification started
♪ 1998: Two professional associations merged to
form American Music Therapy Association
(AMTA)
Music Therapy Interventions
Can Be Designed To:
♪ Promote wellness
♪ Manage stress
♪ Alleviate pain
♪ Express feelings
♪ Enhance memory
♪ Improve communication
♪ Promote physical rehabilitation
Generalization and
Independent Carry-over
♪ Properties of music are used to work on nonmusical goals and skills to be used in everyday life
♪ Musical intervention is faded as abilities improve
♪ Some interventions are taught so that the client
can use them independently when discharged
from music therapy
Music Therapy in Brain Injury
Rehabilitation
Possible Music Therapy Goals
♪ Physical Rehabilitation
♪ Stress Release and Pain Reduction
♪ Memory and Cognitive Processing
♪ Communication and Self-Expression
Melodic Intonation Therapy
Physical Rehabilitation
Case Study:
♪ Adult female, 20 years post-injury
♪ Significant spasticity in left hand
♪ Piano lessons as a child, prior to injury, but
had not played since her injury
January 2015
February 2015
May 2015
June 2015
I’m Interested in Music
Therapy…Now What?
Who Is Qualified to
Provide Music Therapy?
A qualified music therapist must have:
♪ Completed an approved college curriculum
♪ Completed an internship at an approved site
♪ Passed the national examination offered by the
Certification Board for Music Therapists (CBMT)
♪ Earned the credential of Music TherapistBoard Certified (MT-BC)
What Does a Board-Certified
Music Therapist Do?
♪ Assess emotional well-being, physical health,
social functioning, communication abilities, and
cognitive skills through musical responses
♪ Design and implement music sessions for
individuals and groups, based on clients’ needs
♪ Participate in interdisciplinary treatment
planning, ongoing evaluation, and follow-up
Where Can I Find a
Board-Certified Music Therapist?
♪ Certification Board for Music Therapists
Search online database: www.cbmt.org
Then, obtain MT’s contact info:
[email protected] or 1-800-765-2268
♪ American Music Therapy Association
Search online database: www.musictherapy.org
Funding Sources
♪ Medicare: Partial hospitalization programs
♪ Private insurance
♪ State departments of mental health/intellectual
disabilities
♪ Private auto insurance or workers’ compensation
♪ IDEA Part B
♪ Grants or private pay
Summary of Purpose and
Value of Music Therapy
♪ Research-based
♪ Programs are designed for each individual’s needs
♪ Uses music to help individuals achieve non-musical
goals and improve function in everyday life
♪ Fun and motivating
For More Information
American Music Therapy Association
301-589-3300
www.musictherapy.org
Certification Board for Music Therapists
610-269-8900
or 1-800-765-CBMT (2268)
www.cbmt.org
Questions or Comments?
Thank You!