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12th Grade 1 Synonym, Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: this is the story of a battle of the sexes of 2 love affairs fraught with obstacles and of chicanery. Word of the Day chicanery Definition, Synonym noun the use of clever but tricky talk or action to deceive or evade Example, Image, Showing sentence The conman was eventually jailed for his chicanery. Word of the day: The word of the day is chicanery. Say the word with me: chicanery. The word chicanery refers to the use of clever but tricky talk or action to deceive or evade. Caught ‘ya! Key This is the story of a battle of the sexes, of two love affairs, fraught with obstacles, and of chicanery. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Paragraph – beginning of story • Comma – series of prepositional phrases • Plural rule – if a word ends in “s”, “x”, “ch”, or “sh”, add “es” to make it plural • Numbers – write out one or two-word numbers • Notice parallel structure of series 12th Grade 2 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: its a romantic comedy set in messina italy centuries ago when men held all of the power and women were subjugated to there will Word of the Day subjugated Definition, Synonym verb to force a person to obey you Example, Image, Showing sentence Hilda, an aggressive woman, subjugated her husband by forcing him to do all of the housework. Word of the day: The word of the day is subjugated. Say the word with me: subjugated The word “subjugated” means to force a person to obey you. Caught ‘ya! Key It’s a romantic comedy set in Messina, Italy, centuries ago when men held all of the power and women were subjugated to their will. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Apostrophe – Use an apostrophe in the word “it’s” when it indicates a contraction • Commas – separating city and country, complex sentence with two independent clauses • Capitalize names of cities and countries • Homophone – their indicates possessive pronoun • Note present tense of narrator introducing the story. 12th Grade 3 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: the convoluted soap opera of piece battles began at the end of a foiled rebellion. don pedro, prince of aragon, spain, had just defeated his amoral half-brother don john. The latter had been the malefactor who had staged the rebellion Word of the Day convoluted Definition, Synonym malefactor noun an evildoer or criminal adjective complicated and difficult to understand Example, Image, Showing sentence The technician had to untangle a convoluted mess of cords before he could work on the computer. Some malefactors receive capital punishment for their crimes. Words of the day: The first word of the day is convoluted. Say the word with me: convoluted. The word convoluted means complicated and difficult to understand. The next word of the day is malefactor. Say the word with me: malefactor. The word malefactor means criminal or evildoer. The malefactor fell into a life of crime because he had a convoluted set of values. Caught ‘ya! Key The convoluted soap opera of peace battles began at the end of a foiled rebellion. Don Pedro, Prince of Aragon, Spain, had just defeated his amoral half-brother, Don John. The latter had been the malefactor who had staged the rebellion. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • No paragraph – continuation • Commas – appositive; around name of country after city; non-restrictive modifier • Homophone – piece/peace • Notice oxymoron – “peace battles” • Hyphen – two words acting as one • Note: The narrator uses present tense to introduce the story, but the story itself is in past tense. 12th Grade 4 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: don pedro and 2 of his gallants claudio a stalwart stripling from florence italy and benedick of padua italy were returning home from the war. Word of the Day stalwart Definition, Synonym adjective someone who strongly supports a particular organization or set of ideas Example, Image, Showing sentence Mary was a stalwart supporter of breast cancer research. Word of the day: The word of the day is stalwart. Say the word with me: stalwart. The word stalwart refers to someone who strongly supports a particular organization or set of ideas. Caught ‘ya! Key Don Pedro and two of his gallants, Claudio, a stalwart stripling from Florence, Italy and Benedick of Padua, Italy, were returning home from the war. Grammar/punctuation/literary device highlights: • Alliteration: “stalwart stripling” • Commas – appositives; city, county/state • Numbers - write out 1- 99 12th Grade 5 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: when they reached messina italy they were too become the guests of Leonato, the governor of Messina. After long days of conflict a few days’ of rest at Leonato’s estate would be a welcome highlight to an otherwise difficult journey. Word of the Day estate highlight Definition, Synonym noun 1. all of one’s property or money, especially everything left after he dies. 2. a large area of land in the country, usually with a large house verb 1. to make something easy to notice so people will pay attention to it. noun a positive part of something Example, Image, Showing sentence The millionaire surprised his children by leaving the bulk of his estate to charity. The teacher highlighted important words to help her students study for the test. Words of the day: The first word of the day is estate. Say the word with me: estate. The word estate refers to all of one’s property or money, especially everything left after he dies. The next word is highlight. Say the word with me: highlight. To highlight something is to call attention to it so that it will be noticed. Caught ‘ya! Key When they reached Messina, Italy, they were to become the guests of Leonato, the governor of Messina. After long days of conflict, a few days of rest at Leonato’s estate would be a welcome highlight to an otherwise difficult journey. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Comma – subordinating clauses at the beginning of sentences, city, country/state, adjective phrase • Homophone – to, two, too 12th Grade 6 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: now leonato had a comely daughter who was named hero. not only was Hero beautiful but she was dulcet and virtuous as well. Word of the Day comely dulcet Definition, Synonym adjective pleasant to look at, attractive adjective sweet Example, Image, Showing sentence Some young teens now find it hard to believe that the head-shaven partier Brittney Spears was once both comely and dulcet. Wordsof the day: The first word of the day is comely. Say the word with me: comely. The word “comely” means attractive, pleasant to look at. The next word of the day is dulcet. Say the word with me: dulcet. If a young girl is sweet and well-mannered, she’s ____________. Caught ‘ya! Key Now Leonato had a comely daughter who was named Hero. Not only was Hero beautiful, but she was dulcet and virtuous as well. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Paragraph – new subject • Commas – compound sentence, precede coordinating conjunctions • Who/Whom – Who serves as a subject in the sentence, rather than object • Correlative conjunction: “not only . . . but also” 12th Grade 7 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: in addition to his dulcet virtuous daughter leonato also was rearing his only neice the witty Beatrice. she was as caustic as her cousin hero was dulcet. Word of the Day witty caustic Definition, Synonym adjective smart and funny adjective something you say that is extremely unkind or full of criticism Example, Image, Showing sentence Jay Leno’s fans love his witty monologues, but Rosie’s not-so-funny, caustic remarks eventually led to her resignation from “The View.” Word of the day: The first word of the day is witty. Say the word with me: witty. Something that is witty is both smart and funny. The first word of the day is caustic. Say the word with me: caustic. A caustic remark can be witty, but it is also hurtful in that it is extremely unkind or critical. Caught ‘ya! Key In addition to his dulcet, virtuous daughter, Leonato also was rearing his only niece, the witty Beatrice. She was as caustic as her cousin Hero was dulcet. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • No paragraph • Commas – two consecutive adjectives, long introductory phrase, appositive, non-restrictive modifier (“his only niece”) • Spelling rule: “i” before “e,” except after “c” 12th Grade 8 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: on the momentous day when are tail commences leonato received a letter from don pedros messenger. Word of the Day commence Definition, Synonym verb to begin Example, Image, Showing sentence “It’s time you commenced cleaning your room,” Mom nagged. Word of the day: The word of the day is commence. Say the word with me: commence. The word “commence” means to begin. In May, most of you will attend the “Commencement Ceremony,” when you formally graduate from high school. You will be finished with high school and ready to commence, or begin, your new lives as young adults. Caught ‘ya! Key On the momentous day when our tale commences, Leonato received a letter from Don Pedro’s messenger. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Paragraph – subject change • Comma – introductory subordinate clause of sentence (long introductory adverbial phrase) • Homophones – are/our, tail/tale • Run on sentence • Verb tense switch is correct in this sentence • Apostrophe – possession singular 12th Grade 9 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: (Use proper form to begin Part One of the letter) The letter read: september 15 1603 dear leonato me and my two companions are returning home after quelling the rebellion of don john my half-brother. since my brother has now been adequately restrained we hope to arrive in messina very soon. Word of the Day Definition, Synonym verb to prevent someone from doing something, often by physical force restrain Example, Image, Showing sentence Criminals are retrained with handcuffs when they are arrested. Word of the day: The word of the day is restrain. Say the word with me: restrain. To restrain someone is to prevent them from doing something, often using physical force. Caught ‘ya! Key - Part One of Letter The letter read: September 15, 1603 Dear Leonato, Two of my companions and I are returning home after quelling the rebellion of Don John, my half-brother. Since my brother has now been adequately restrained, we hope to arrive in Messina very soon. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Colon – use to denote break before letter • I/me – Use I because it serves as a subject in the sentence, Place “I” at the end, putting yourself last) • Commas – dat; greeting; appositive; subordinating clause • Hyphen – two words serving as one 12th Grade 10 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: Continue second part of letter in proper form: we look forward to seeing you and your fetching ladies again and we hope two-days notice will be sufficient time for you to prepare for our visit yours truely don pedro Word of the Day sufficient Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence They had sufficient evidence to hold the suspect for trial. adjective as much as you need for a particular purpose Word of the day: The word of the day is sufficient. Say the word with me: sufficient. The word sufficient means enough. The student’s work was barely sufficient for him to pass the class. Caught ‘ya! Key We look forward to seeing you and your fetching ladies again, and we hope two-days’ notice will be sufficient time for you to prepare for our visit. Yours truly, Don Pedro Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Comma – compound sentence • Common Spelling Error – “truly” • Plural possessive 12th Grade 11 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: in the spacious and well appointed living room of his estate leonato reads the latest correspondence to his doting daughter and niece. Word of Definition, Synonym the Day correspondence noun letters that people send and receive Example, Image, Showing sentence The executive’s secretary deals with most of her correspondence. Word of the day: The word of the day is correspondence. Say the word with me: correspondence. The word “correspondence” is another way to say letters or other forms of written communication such as email. Since I’ve returned from vacation, I’m up to my neck in unanswered correspondence. Caught ‘ya! Key In the spacious and well-appointed living room of his estate, Leonato read the latest correspondence to his doting daughter and niece. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph • Hyphen – two words serving as single adjective • Comma – Long introductory adverb with two prepositional phrases • Tense shift inappropriate – story is in past tense 12th Grade 12 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: is signior mountanto returning with him asked Beatrice who was trying to appear nonchalant as she set on a green high-backed couch. Word of the Day nonchalant Definition, Synonym adjective calm, not seeming interested or worried about anything Example, Image, Showing sentence The truant student yawned to appear nonchalant when questioned by the AP. Word of the day: The word of the day is nonchalant. Say the word with me: nonchalant. The word ” nonchalant” means to be calm or to seem disinterested. It’s often used in the context where someone feigns disinterest, when they really are upset. Beatrice pretends to be nonchalant because she is really very interested in Benedick. Caught ‘ya! Key “Is Signior Mountanto returning with him?” asked Beatrice who was trying to appear nonchalant as she sat on a green, high-backed couch. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph • Hyphen – two words serving as single adjective • Quotation marks – dialogue • Placement of question mark inside quotation marks • Comma – two consecutive adjectives 12th Grade 13 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: for whom are you asking niece queried Leonato amiably. Word of the Day queried Definition, Synonym amiable, adj. amiably, adv adjective friendly and pleasant verb questioned Example, Image, Showing sentence The attorney queried the witness in advance of the trial. Her friends were drawn to her amiable personality. Words of the day: The first word of the day is queried. Say the word with me: queried. A query is a question. If someone “queries,” he/she asks a question. The next word is amiably. Say the word with me: amiably. The word “amiable” means friendly and pleasant. In the adverbial from of the word, someone would behave amiably, or in a friendly way. Caught ‘ya! Key “For whom are you asking, Niece?” queried Leonato amiably. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Quotation marks to indicate conversation • Placement of question mark inside quotation marks • Comma – direct address • Whom - Reflective pronoun “whom” acts as object of preposition in this sentence 12th Grade 14 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: my cousin obviously means signior benedick of pauda hero said with a wink a smile and a pat for beatrice Word of the Day obviously Definition, Synonym adverb used when something is easily noticed or understood. Example, Image, Showing sentence The young child was obviously terrified by the movie that his older brother found thrilling. Word of the day: The word of the day is obviously. Say the word with me: obviously. The word ”obviously” means easily noticed or understood. The girl was obviously very embarrassed when the teacher singled her out for not having her homework. Caught ‘ya! Key “My cousin obviously means Signior Benedick of Pauda,” Hero said with a wink, a smile, and a pat for Beatrice. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New Paragraph – different speaker • Quotation marks to indicate conversation • Commas – noun series 12th Grade 15 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: the messenger who had brought the letter replied without rancor oh sir benedick returns with don pedro and he is as pleasant as ever with his barbs and quips Word of the Day barbs quips Definition, Synonym noun a cutting remark that stings noun a witty or sarcastic remark or reply Example, Image, Showing sentence The barb of his wit made us wince. Although the couple readily engaged in barbs and quips, they were really fond of one another. Words of the day: The first word of the day is barbs. Say the word with me: barbs The word “barb” means a cutting remark, a put-down. The next word of the day is quips. Say the word with me: quips. A “quip” is also a witty or sarcastic remark or reply. The teens bantered back and forth with barbs and quips, comically poking fun at one another. Caught ‘ya! Key The messenger who had brought the letter replied without rancor, “Oh, Sir Benedick returns with Don Pedro, and he is as pleasant as ever with his barbs and quips.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Paragraph – new speaker • Quotation marks to indicate conversation • Commas - to set off conversation and to correct run on (compound sentence) 12th Grade 16 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: so how many enemies has he killed and eaten in the war when he was last in messina benedick fancied himself an amorous lady killer he feigned love beatrice continued and challenged cupid himself with his disdain for marriage Word of Definition, Synonym Example, Image, the Day Showing sentence We feigned interest in Mr. feigned verb formal --to pretend to have a feeling, be Dixon's stamp collection sick, be asleep, Mason's disdain and disdain noun formal-- a lack of respect for someone condescending attitude for or something because you think he, people without education she, or it is not important or not good interfered with some of his enough relationships. Words of the day: The first word of the day is feigned. Say the word with me: feigned. To feign means “to pretend.” Some students feign illness to avoid going to school. The next word of the day is disdain. Say the word with me: disdain. The word disdain means have a lack of respect for someone, to be condescending to someone. The supervisor treated the negligent employee with disdain. Caught ‘ya! Key “(So, how many . . . or) How many enemies has he killed and eaten in the war? When he was last in Messina, Benedick fancied himself an amorous lady killer. He feigned love,” Beatrice continued, “and challenged Cupid himself with his disdain for marriage.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Paragraph – new speaker • Commas – introductory word (“so” as an interjection), subordinate clause at the beginning of a sentence; interrupted quote • Run-on sentence • Coordinating conjunctions – Do not begin sentences with them • Punctuation – question mark for interrogative, quotation marks for conversation • Plural rules – consonant ‘y’ changes to ‘ies’ • Compound predicate • Complex sentence – subordinate clause 12th Grade 17 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: ah beatrice my dear caustic niece bide your tongue. he has done good for don pedro. he will be between us soon enough, and you can utter youre barbs directly too benedick himself counseled leonato. Word of the Day Definition, Synonym bide verb to wait until the right time to do something Example, Image, Showing sentence You might bide your time for the best opportunity to ask to leave class. utter verb literary--to say something No one uttered a word when the coach screamed at the team. Word of the day: The word of the day is bide. Say the word with me: bide. The word “bide” means to wait. If you “bide your tongue” you wait to speak. The word of the day is utter. Say the word with me: utter. “To utter” is to speak, to say something. The noun form of the word is “utterance.” Caught ‘ya! Key “Ah, Beatrice, my dear, caustic niece, bide your tongue. He has done well for Don Pedro. He will be among [or with] us soon enough, and you can utter your barbs directly to Benedick himself,” counseled Leonato. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Paragraph – new speaker • Commas – interjection, direct address; two adjectives, quote • Quotation • Adjective vs. adverb – “good” as adjective, well as adverb • Spelling rule – ‘i’ before ‘e’ . . . • Frequently confused prepositions: between/among • Homophones – your/you’re and to/too/two • Reflexive pronouns – myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves; use correct form 12th Grade 18 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: yes he is a good soldier my lady and a better freind sir benedick his bat fowling mouth nonetheless is a valiant man replied the messenger wryly Word of the Day wry, wryly Definition, Synonym adjective showing in a humorous way that you are not pleased by something: adverb to do something funny with an attitude of displeasure Example, Image, Showing sentence Jerry replied to the “put-down” with merely a wry smile. Word of the day: The word of the day is wryly. Say the word with me: wryly. To do something “wryly” is to show an attitude of displeasure in a humorous way. If your friend makes fun of what you’re wearing, you might respond wryly with a quip that questions her taste in clothes, such as, “Who died and left you the fashion queen?” Caught ‘ya! Key “Yes, he is a good soldier, my lady, and a better friend. Sir Benedick—his batfowling mouth nonetheless—is a valiant man,” replied the messenger wryly. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Paragraph – new speaker • Commas – introductory word; direct address; quote • Quotation • Adjective vs. adverb – “good” as adjective • Comparative – good, better, best • Spelling rule – ‘i’ before ‘e’ . . . • Hyphen – two words acting as one • Dash vs. parenthesis – one or the other needed to denote break in the sentence for narrator’s aside 12th Grade 19 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: watch your food supply uncle leonato teased Beatrice for Benedick is known for his excellent stomach in other words he is not frugal with his fork.. hero giggled at her cousins implications but didn’t say nothing. Word of the Day frugal Definition, Synonym adjective 1. careful to buy only what is necessary 2. small in quantity and cost Example, Image, Showing sentence My family didn’t have much money, so my parents were very frugal. During the Great Depression some families survived on frugal meals of cheese and bread. Word of the day: The word of the day is frugal. Say the word with me: frugal. If you are extremely careful with your money, your friends might call you “stingy” rather than _________________. Caught ‘ya! Key “Watch your food supply, Uncle Leonato,” teased Beatrice, “for Benedick is known for his excellent stomach. In other words, he is not frugal with his fork.” Hero giggled at her cousin’s implications but said nothing. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Two paragraphs – One speaker, one narrator • Commas – direct address, interrupted quote, introductory phrase, no comma before ‘but’ because it does not begin a compound sentence • Quotation – interrupted quote • Possession – singular noun • Double negative – avoid use • Apostrophe - possessive 12th Grade 20 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: leonato addressed the messenger you must not sir mistake my niece. their is a kind of merry war going on between signior benedick and she. whenever they meet he and she have an exemplary verbal battle of wits worse than two lawyers in court” Word of Definition, Synonym Example, Image, the Day Showing sentence Some students received academic exemplary adjective 1. excellent and providing a good awards at the end of the year for their example exemplary grades. 2, severe and used as a warning . . . an exemplary punishment wit noun 1. the ability to say things that Will Smith and Jay Leno are known for are funny and smart their wit. 2. the ability to think quickly and Firefighters need to keep their wits make the right decision about them in emergency situations. Wordsof the day: The first word of the day is exemplary. Say the word with me: exemplary. Our goal is for our high school to be rated an __________________ campus by the state. The next word of the day is wit. Say the word with me: wit. Sometimes class clowns can get in trouble for their ________. Caught ‘ya! Key Leonato addressed the messenger. “You must not, Sir, mistake my niece. There is a kind of merry war going on between Signior Benedick and her. Whenever they meet, he and she have an exemplary verbal battle of wits worse than two lawyers in court.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Paragraph – new person speaking • Commas – direct address, introductory subordinate clause • Homophone – their/ there/they’re • Capitalization – “Sir” as it refers to Don Pedro and is used as a name • Frequently confused words – between (only 2) / among (more); then (an adverb) / than (a conjunction) • Pronouns – “She” is subject and “her” is an object or shows possession • Irregular comparatives – bad/worse/worst • Numbers – write out to through ninety-nine 12th Grade 21 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: now, in those days’ of long ago letter’s were slow to arrive. soon after the messenger left leonatos’ abode is when don pedro and his 2 gallants’ enter the tall stone gate’s of messina. Word of the Day abode Definition, Synonym noun formal-- the place where you live Example, Image, Showing sentence The young newlyweds excitedly invited their friends to an open house to celebrate moving in to their new abode. Word of the day: The word of the day is: abode. Say the word with me: abode. Caught ‘ya! Key Now, in those days of long ago, letters were slow to arrive. Soon after the messenger left Leonato’s abode, Don Pedro and his two gallants entered the tall, stone gates of Messina. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – narrator • Commas – introductory word; long introductory adverb with two prepositional phrases; introductory subordinate clause; two adjectives where second is not age, color, or linked to noun • Possession – singular noun • Possessives vs. plurals • Wrong word use—never use “is when”—“when” is not a verb • Numbers – write out through ninety-nine • Verb tense switch – story is in past tense 12th Grade 22 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: and when Benedick don pedro and claudio the handsome young immature lord of florence italy arrived at leonatos estate leonato invited them to stay. benedick and beatrice began there usual mordacious repartée. Word of the Day mordacious Definition, Synonym adjective caustic, scathing, sarcastic Example, Image, Showing sentence Some comediennes routinely use their mordacious wit to handle rowdy audience members with verbal assaults. Word of the day: The word of the day is: mordacious. Say the word with me: mordacious. If you constantly put down your friends, you could be accused of being _______________. Caught ‘ya! Key When Benedick, Don Pedro, and Claudio, the handsome, young, immature lord of Florence, Italy, arrived at Leonato’s estate, Leonato invited them to stay. Benedick and Beatrice began their usual mordacious repartée. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • No new paragraph – continuation • Note alliteration • Commas – noun series; appositive; adjective series; city, state; subordinate clause at beginning of sentence • Coordinating conjunctions - Do not begin a sentence with one unless it’s used as an interjection • Possessive pronoun/Homophone – “their” • Possession – singular noun • Compound subject in second sentence 12th Grade 23 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: its a good thing signior leonato that your not beatrices father said benedick not wasting any time in his baiting of beatrice. if youre neice was your daughter you would be in trouble. you to are to much alike. Word of the Day baiting Definition, Synonym verb to deliberately try to make someone angry by criticizing him/her, using rude names, etc. Example, Image, Showing sentence Goodman refused to be baited into saying anything bad about his co-star. Word of the day: The word of the day is: baiting. Say the word with me: baiting. To “bait” someone means to deliberately draw them into a confrontation. In the opening act of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, the Capulet servants begin to verbally bait the Montague men, and a public disruption ensues. Caught ‘ya! Key “It’s a good thing, Signior Leonato, that you are not Beatrice’s father,” said Benedick, not wasting any time in his baiting of Beatrice. “If your niece were your daughter, you would be in trouble. You two are too much alike.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – new speaker • Commas – direct address; quote; participial phrase; introductory subordinate clause • Homophones – it/it’s; your/you’re; two/to/too • Possession – singular noun • Spelling – “i” before “e” • Verb tense – was/were, subjunctive mood in “if” clause 12th Grade 24 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: what. are you observant sir benedick retorted beatrice. ah my lady disdain. you speak said benedick you call me lady disdain and yet you disdain all the ladies the ladies love me all accept you my loving beatrice. Word of the Day retorted Definition, Synonym verb to reply quickly, in an angry or humorous way Word of the day: The word of the day is: retorted. Example, Image, Showing sentence “None of your business!” he retorted. Say the word with me: retorted. Caught ‘ya! Key “What? Are you observant, Sir Benedick? retorted Beatrice. “Ah, my ‘Lady Disdain.’ you speak, said Benedick. “You call me ‘Lady Disdain,’ and yet you disdain all the ladies.” “The ladies love me—all except you, my ‘loving’ Beatrice.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Four paragraphs – conversation, to differentiate speakers • Commas – direct address; interjection; quote; compound sentence; direct address • Quotation marks – conversation • Punctuation – dash to indicate break, comma also acceptable; quote within a quote denoting sarcasm (‘loving’) • Frequently confused words – accept/except 12th Grade 25 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: (two speakers) you love no one you pernicious unsuitable suitor. I wish my horse were as fast as your tongue. Keep quite now for noone is listening to you beatrice concluded Word of the Day pernicious Definition, Synonym adjective formal -- very harmful, especially in a way that is not easily noticeable Example, Image, Showing sentence The pernicious effects of tobacco advertising eventually led to a ban on television ads. Word of the day: The word of the day is: pernicious. Say the word with me: pernicious. Caught ‘ya! Key “You love no one, you pernicious, unsuitable suitor.” “I wish my horse were as fast as your tongue.” “Keep quiet now, for no one is listening to you,” Beatrice concluded. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Three paragraphs – conversation between two people • Commas – direct address; two adjectives where second is not age, color, or linked to noun; compound sentence; quote • Quotation marks • Common spelling error – no one is two words • Homophone – your/you’re • Often confused words – quite/quit/quiet • As vs. like – “like” is only used with nouns; “as” needed in comparatives—“as fast as” • Verb tense—need for subjunctive mood in clause of wishing. 12th Grade 26 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: don pedro interjected, their is the sparring match. end round one. my dear leonato we will be staying hear at least a month. these 2 will have a plethora of time too farther spar. Word of the Day interjected spar Definition, Synonym verb Formal-- to interrupt what someone is saying with a sudden remark verb 1 to practice boxing with someone 2 new sense to argue with someone: Example, Image, Showing sentence A certain student’s constant interjections frustrated both the teacher and the students. They got tired of the sparring because the verbal jabs were escalating to more and more hurtful remarks. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: interjected. Say the word with me: interjected The second word of the day is: spar. Say the word with me: spar. Boxers spar with one another to prepare for a match. Friends can sometimes verbally spar with each other by trading put downs. In both cases no real harm is usually intended. When political candidates spar, however, it’s usually done with the intent of ultimately defeating their opponent. Caught ‘ya! Key Don Pedro interjected, “There is the sparring match. End round one! My dear Leonato, we will be staying here at least a month. These two will have a plethora of time to spar further.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Paragraph – new speaker • Commas – quote, direct address • Quotation Marks – conversation • Homophones – their/they’re/there; hear/here; to/two/too • Numbers – spell out through ninety-nine • Split Infinitive • Frequently confused words – further/farther 12th Grade 27 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: while this repartee was going on claudio became enraptured by the silent hero Word of the Day repartée enraptured Definition, Synonym noun a quick, witting reply; witty and spirited conversation. verb to delight, to thrill, or to give pleasure Example, Image, Showing sentence Ray Romano and Brad Garrett won awards for their witty repartée on “Everybody loves Raymond.” American audiences were so enraptured by the sitcom, that re-runs continue to show daily in most areas. Word of the day: The word of the day is: repartée. Say the word with me: repartée. The word of the day is: enraptured. Say the word with me: enraptured Caught ‘ya! Key While this repartée was going on, Claudio became enraptured by the silent Hero. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – narrator • Comma -- introductory subordinate clause • Use of foreign word 12th Grade 28 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: the mere site of her affected his heart. her long black hair bung to her tiny waste and her shy smile affected a quickening of his breathing. Word of the Day quickening Definition, Synonym noun speeding up; hastening; stimulating Example, Image, Showing sentence Exhausted from her night of revelry, Mary stumbled to the coffee pot searching for a way to quicken her pace so that she wouldn’t be late to work. Word of the day: The word of the day is: quickening. Say the word with me: quickening. To quicken is to become or to make something faster. Caught ‘ya! Key The mere sight of her affected his heart. Her long black hair bung to her tiny waist, and her shy smile effected a quickening of his breathing. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Comma – compound sentence • Incorrect verb tense shift – story in past tense • Frequently confused words – affect/effect • Gerund – participle used as noun “breathing” • Homophones – waist/waste; site/sight 12th Grade 29 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: as leonato led his guests to there rooms claudio and benedick discoursed Word of the Day discoursed Definition, Synonym noun serious conversation between people Example, Image, Showing sentence Camp David provides a quiet, peaceful setting for meaningful discourse between important world leaders. Word of the day: The word of the day is: discoursed Say the word with me: discoursed To engage in discourse, is to participate in conversation. Caught ‘ya! Key As Leonato led his guests to their rooms, Claudio and Benedick discoursed. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – narrator • Comma – introductory subordinate clause • Homophone – they’re/their/there 12th Grade 30 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: hero is the sweetest lady I have ever seen shy claudio sighed. everyone to their own taste retorted Benedick sarcastically Word of the Day sarcasm sarcastically Definition, Synonym noun a way of speaking or writing in which you say the opposite of what you really mean in order to make an unkind joke or to show that you are annoyed adverb to speak with sarcasm Example, Image, Showing sentence When John came in late, his boss, with heavy sarcasm, said, “I see you are early and punctual as always, John.” Word of the day: The word of the day is: sarcastically. Say the word with me: sarcastically. Caught ‘ya! Key “Hero is the sweetest lady I have ever seen,” shy Claudio sighed. [or I ever saw . . .] “Everyone to his own taste,” retorted Benedick sarcastically. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • • • • • Commas – quote Quotation marks – conversation Regular comparisons – sweet/sweeter/sweetest Irregular verb – see/saw/has seen Antecedent/pronoun agreement – “everyone” is singular so “their,” which is plural, cannot be used • Collective nouns – everyone, family, crowd, crew, group, etc. 12th Grade 31 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: well i dont see anything in her benedick continued honestly but that cousin of hers would be comely if she were not a spitting civet Word of the Day civet Definition, Synonym noun a small carnivorous mammal that resembles a cat in appearance Example, Image, Showing sentence We watched in amazement as the civet trapped and consumed a rather large bird. Word of the day: The word of the day is: civet. Say the word with me: civet. Caught ‘ya! Key “Well, I don’t see anything in her,” Benedick continued honestly, “but that cousin of hers would be comely if she were not a spitting civet.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Metaphor – Beatrice compared to a civet • Commas – introductory word, interrupted quote/compound sentence • Quotation marks – conversation • Apostrophe – contraction • Verb tense – “were” for subjunctive mood in “if” clause 12th Grade 32 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: are you casting asparagus on my feelings do you think my love is not complete like a half-formed wish babbled a frustrated claudio. no i am not casting aspersions on your feelings. i no that a half warmed fish is less complete then them benedick blithely corrected his friend. Word of the Day aspersion blithely Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence noun Carol Burnett once a statement that successfully sued a tabloid attacks somebody's magazine for having written character or reputation untrue articles that publicly cast adverb aspersions on her. 1. casually indifferent The children were blithely 2. happily, cheerfully, and with a carefree playing in the street, unaware of the danger of passing cars. attitude Words of the day: The first word of the day is: aspersion. Say the word with me: aspersion. The next word of the day is: blithely. Say the word with me: blithely. Caught ‘ya! Key “Are you casting asparagus on my feelings? Do you think my love is not complete like a half-formed wish?” babbled a frustrated Claudio. “No, I am not casting aspersions on your feelings. I know that a halfwarmed fish is less complete than they,” Benedick blithely corrected his friend. • • • • • • • • Grammar/punctuation highlights: Note--malapropism – “casting asparagus;” simile; Spoonerism – “half-formed fish” Two paragraphs – conversation Commas – introductory word, quote Run-on sentence Question marks needed in questions Homophone – no/know Frequently confused words – then/than Pronouns – “They” as a subject must be used after “than” because “are” is implied (“than they are”) 12th Grade 33 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: and claudio taunted benedick for his views on love and marriage. benedick warned claudio that if he wasnt careful he would soon be a husband. Word of the Day taunt Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence verb After the death of Patrokolos, to provoke, ridicule, or Achilles returned to the battle tease somebody in a and taunted Hector into fighting hurtful or mocking way him alone. Word of the day: The word of the day is: taunt. Say the word with me: taunt. Caught ‘ya! Key Claudio taunted Benedick for his views on love and marriage. Benedick warned Claudio that if he weren’t careful, he would soon be a husband. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – narrator • Conjunction – do not begin sentences with one • Verb tense – “were” for subjunctive mood in “if” clause • Apostrophe – contraction • Commas – subordinate clause before verb 12th Grade 34 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: benedick then went on an on about how he would never never fall in love or marry. Perdition would freeze over before that would happen. Word of the Day perdition Definition, Synonym noun 1. in some religions, the state of everlasting punishment in hell that sinners endure after death 2. hell itself as a location Example, Image, Showing sentence The minister warned his congregation to turn from their evil ways in order to avoid the eternal consequence of perdition. Word of the day: The word of the day is: perdition. Say the word with me: perdition. Caught ‘ya! Key Benedick then went on an on about how he would never, never fall in love nor marry. Perdition would freeze over before that would happen. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • • • • Note euphemism – perdition instead of Hell No new paragraph – same topic Comma – repeated word Negatives – “never” necessitates “nor” 12th Grade 35 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: like you my friend i swore id never marry. if it were hero that would be my wife though I would succumb to cupid’s arrows acceded claudio. never in a million year’s vociferated benedick. not i. i shall die a bachelor Word of the Day accede vociferate Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence verb Bill graciously acceded to to give consent or our request to have the agreement to party at his house. something Suzie blushed with anger as verb Jerry vociferated criticisms to shout something out of her project plans at the loudly staff meeting. Words of the day: The word of the day is: acceded. Say the word with me: acceded. The word of the day is: vociferated. Say the word with me: vociferated. Caught ‘ya! Key “Like you, my friend, I swore I’d never marry. If it were Hero who would be my wife, though, I would succumb to Cupid’s arrows,” acceded Claudio. “Never in a million years!” vociferated Benedick. “Not I. I shall die a bachelor!” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Note – allusion to mythology • Commas – direct address, introductory subordinate clauses; interrupter; quote • Verb tense – “were” needed for subjunctive mood with “if” clause • Relative pronouns – who/whom/that/which (“who” needed for subject; “that” and “which” never refer to people • Deliberate use of Fragment • Verbs – avoid splitting helping verb and verb 12th Grade 36 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: little does the arrogant dogmatic and overconfident benedick know what is in store for him will his wit rise to the occasion as D’Artagnans did in the three musketeers Word of the Day dogmatic Definition, Synonym adjective prone to expressing rigid, strongly held beliefs and opinions Example, Image, Showing sentence Grandpa was always dogmatic about his views on the best way to grow corn. Word of the day: The word of the day is: dogmatic. Say the word with me: dogmatic. Caught ‘ya! Key Little does the arrogant, dogmatic, and overconfident Benedick know what is in store for him! Will his wit rise to the occasion as D’Artagnans did in The Three Musketeers? Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Note – foreshadowing • New paragraph – narrator aside • Commas – adjective series • Punctuation – exclamation mark for dramatic statement, question mark for question • Like vs. As – “Like” cannot be used because it is followed by a verb at the end of the phrase – “Like” can only be followed by a noun as in “like water” • Apostrophe – possession • Underline and capitalize titles of books 12th Grade 37 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: don pedro entered the discussion and upbraided benedick for his stand before i die Benedick i predict that i shall see you a victim of cupids arrow don pedro than offered too woo hero for the timid claudio that was too shy to do so hisself. Word of the Day upbraid woo Definition, Synonym verb to criticize or scold somebody in a harsh manner verb to seek the affection or love of a woman in order to marry her Example, Image, Showing sentence The manager of McDonalds upbraided his staff for allowing the drivethrough line to get backed up. When Prince William woos a young woman, the entire world watches. Words of the day: The word of the day is: upbraid. Say the word with me: upbraid. The word of the day is: woo. Say the word with me: woo. Caught ‘ya! Key Don Pedro entered the discussion and upbraided Benedick for his stand. “Before I die, Benedick, I predict that I shall see you a victim of Cupid’s arrow.” Don Pedro then offered to woo Hero for the timid Claudio, who was too shy to do so himself. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • • • • • • • New paragraph – new speaker Commas -- introductory subordinate clause; direct address; nonrestrictive modifier Apostrophe – possession Frequently confused words – then/than (“Then” is an adverb and needed here; “than” is a conjunction used to compare.) Homophone – to/two/too Relative pronouns – who/whom/that/which (“who” needed for subject; “that” and “which” never refer to people Reflexive pronouns – “hisself” is not a word 12th Grade 38 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: a servant overhears this conversation and reports it to leonatos venerable older brother Antonio. antonio himself informed Leonato of the news like he was a reporter for the new york times. Word of the Day venerable Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence adjective The venerable worthy of respect as a result congressman, Sam of great age, wisdom, Rayburn, was honored with remarkable achievements, a building named after him. or similar qualities Word of the day: The word of the day is: venerable. Say the word with me: venerable. Caught ‘ya! Key A servant overheard this conversation and reported it to Leonato’s venerable older brother, Antonio. Antonio himself informed Leonato of the “news” as if he were a reporter for the New York Times. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New Paragraph – subject change • Comma – appositive • Verb tense shift – story is in past tense • Apostrophe – possession • Run-on sentence • Quotation marks to indicate falsehood • Like vs. As – “Like must be followed by a noun in a straight comparison • Verb tense – “were” needed for subjunctive mood in “if” clause • Underline titles of newspapers 12th Grade 39 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: the only problem was that this minion thought that he herd him say that he was going to woo the fair hero for himself. the plot thickens like gravy burbling on the stove. Word of the Day minion Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence noun The Oscar-winning star a servile or slavish follower and her minions took up of somebody generally an entire wing of the top regarded as important floor of the new hotel. Word of the day: The word of the day is: minion. Say the word with me: minion. Caught ‘ya! Key The only problem was that this minion thought that he heard Don Pedro say that he was going to woo the fair Hero for himself. The plot thickens like gravy burbling on the stove. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • No new paragraph for first sentence, new paragraph – narrator aside • Pronouns –too many pronouns for clarity • Homophone – herd/heard • Verb tense – correct use of present tense for narrator aside 12th Grade 40 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: and it thickens even more as the infamous don john whom had already staged one rebellion against his half brother don pedro arrived in town and laid in wait to nastily plot. Word of the Day infamous Definition, Synonym adjective notorious, having an extremely bad reputation Example, Image, Showing sentence In London, we visited the infamous torture chamber, which still houses some gruesome reminders of the past. Word of the day: The word of the day is: infamous. Say the word with me: infamous. Caught ‘ya! Key It thickens even more as the infamous Don John, who already had staged one rebellion against his half-brother, Don Pedro, arrived in town and lay in wait to plot nastily. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • No new paragraph • Commas – appositive and adjective clause with relative pronoun • Coordinating conjunctions – Do not begin a sentence with one. • Hyphen – two words acting as one • Relative pronouns – who/whom/that/which (“who” needed as subject here • Avoid splitting helping verbs and verbs, if possible • Transitive vs. Intransitive verbs: transitive (lay/laid); intransitive (lie/lay) • Avoid Splitting Infinitives -- Star Trek was wrong – “To boldly go. . .” should be “to go boldly . . .” 12th Grade 41 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: although he had been defeated don john was by know means powerless. he was possessed of more knavery then iago that arrant villain who had prayed nefariously upon othello. Word of Definition, Synonym Example, Image, the Day Showing sentence knavery noun – evil, dishonesty, Captain Jack Sparrow is deceitfulness infamous for his comic and arrant adjective – complete, used crafty knavery. Even to emphasize that though his sense of arrant somebody or something is self-importance infuriates his enemies, it captures the an extreme example of hearts of the audience. something disapproved of adjective: evil; utterly Pirates of the Caribbean has nefarious many pirates who are much immoral or wicked nefariously adverb more nefarious than Jack Sparrow. Words of the day: The word of the day is: knavery. Say the word with me: knavery. The word of the day is: arrant. Say the word with me: arrant. The word of the day is: nefarious. Say the word with me: nefarious. Caught ‘ya! Key Although he had been defeated, Don John was by no means powerless. He was possessed of more knavery than Iago, that arrant villain who had preyed nefariously upon Othello. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Note – literary allusion • New paragraph • Commas – introductory subordinate clause; appositive • Verb tense – need for pluperfect (past perfect) tense to refer to previous action • Frequently confused words – then/than • Relative pronouns – who/whom/that/which (“who” needed as subject of “had preyed” • Homophones – no/know, pray/prey 12th Grade 42 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: accompanying don john was his 2 equally vile associates borachio and conrade. this diabolical trio, having herd the fallacious rumor concerning don pedro and hero ploted ways to brake up the romance. Word of the Day diabolical Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence adjective - extremely cruel A diabolical criminal went or evil free because the crime lab fallacious adjective - containing or made a mistake with the involving a mistaken belief DNA tests, causing the or idea police to fallaciously fallaciously adverb charge an innocent man. Words of the day: The word of the day is: diabolical. Say the word with me: diabolical. The word of the day is: fallacious. Say the word with me: fallacious. Caught ‘ya! Key Accompanying Don John were his two equally vile associates, Borachio and Conrade. This diabolical trio, having heard the fallacious rumor concerning Don Pedro and Hero, plotted ways to break up the romance. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • No new paragraph • Commas – non-restrictive modifier; participial phrase as interrupter • Subject verb agreement – plural subject located in predicate • Homophones – herd/heard, brake/break • Write out numbers up to 100. • Spelling – if a word ends in consonant/vowel/consonant and a suffix is added, the last consonant must be doubled (plotting) 12th Grade 43 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: if I can cross my brother in any way said don john with antipathy ill do it. id like two get even with that upstart claudio too. He gots all of the glory for defeating me. it was me who should of won. Word of the Day antipathy upstart Definition, Synonym noun strongly negative feeling; strong hostility or opposition toward somebody or something noun somebody who is newly wealthy, powerful, or famous, but is regarded as not deserving to be so Example, Image, Showing sentence Dr. Howell’s antipathy for students who cheat on tests is well known. Eager to hear the Grammywinning rock stars, the concert audience squirmed impatiently in their seats during the upstart‘s opening performance. Word of the day: The word of the day is: antipathy. Say the word with me: antipathy. The word of the day is: upstart. Say the word with me: upstart. Caught ‘ya! Key “If I can cross my brother in any way,” said Don John with antipathy, “I’ll do it. I’d like to get even with that upstart Claudio, too. He received all of the glory for defeating me. It was I who should have won.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • • • • • • • • • Paragraph – new speaker Commas -- interrupted quote; “too” always has to be set off by commas if it means “also;” no commas after “upstart” since it is a restrictive modifier Quotation marks – conversation Verb tense – need for subjunctive mood, future or conditional tense with “if clause” Apostrophe – contractions Wrong word – “gots” is not a word, “have” rather than “of” Homophone – to/two/too Verb tense – “I” is used as the subject after the verb Relative pronouns – who/whom/that/which (“who” needed as subject; “whom” as object) 12th Grade 44 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: meanwhile, at leonatos domicile hero beatrice leonato and his elderly brother antonio are waiting for a masquerade dance to begin. beatrice regaled the assembled company with her idea of the ideal suitor. Word of the Day domicile regale Definition, Synonym noun – someone’s home or place of residence. verb -- to entertain or amuse somebody, especially by telling stories Example, Image, Showing sentence The most common domicile of college students is the dormitory. When we were small, we loved it when our grandparents would regale us with stories of when they were young and crazy. Words of the day: The word of the day is: domicile. Say the word with me: domicile. The word of the day is: regale. Say the word with me: regale. Caught ‘ya! Key Meanwhile, at Leonato’s domicile, Hero, Beatrice, Leonato, and his elderly brother, Antonio, were waiting for a masquerade dance to begin. Beatrice regaled the assembled company with her idea of the “ideal suitor.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – place change • Commas – optional for introductory one-word adverb; after two introductory adverbs; list of nouns; non-restrictive modifier (only one elderly brother) • Punctuation – need for quotation marks around falsehood (Beatrice wants no suitor) • Incorrect verb tense switch – story is in past tense 12th Grade 45 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: the perfect man and there are fewer of them than men would like to think would be somewhere among the grim churlish don john and the overly presumptuous canker benedick beatrice mused. Word of the Day churlish presumptuous canker Words of the day: Definition, Synonym adjective -characteristic of somebody with bad manners adjective – rude, arrogant, inconsiderate, disrespectful noun - an evil or corrupting influence that spreads and is difficult to wipe out Example, Image, Showing sentence The principal felt that, even though only a few students exhibited presumptuous and churlish attitudes, they represented a canker in the school that needed to be stopped before the atmosphere of the entire school suffered. The word of the day is: churlish. Say the word with me: churlish The word of the day is: presumptuous. Say the word with me: presumptuous. The word of the day is: canker. Say the word with me: canker. Caught ‘ya! Key “The perfect man (and there are fewer of them than men would like to think) would be somewhere between the grim, churlish Don John and the overly presumptuous canker, Benedick,” Beatrice mused. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New Paragraph – new speaker • Commas – two adjectives; non-restrictive modifier; quote • Quotation marks – conversation • Parenthesis – used for aside comment • Frequently confused words – fewer/less (“fewer can be counted, “less” compares); then/than (“than” needed here to compare); among/between 12th Grade 46 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: then half signior benedicks words in don johns mouth and half don johns melancholy in Signior Benedicks face would be your ideal mate teased Leonato Word of the Day melancholy Definition, Synonym adjective, noun sad, depressed, downhearted Example, Image, Showing sentence Ernest Hemingway had a reputation for periods of melancholy and eventually committed suicide. Word of the day: The word of the day is: melancholy. Say the word with me: melancholy. Caught ‘ya! Key “Then half Signior Benedick’s words in Don John’s mouth and half Don John’s melancholy in Signior Benedick’s face would be your ideal mate?” teased Leonato. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New Paragraph – new speaker • Quotation marks – dialogue • Apostrophe – possessives • Question mark – interrogative sentence 12th Grade 47 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: and with a virile leg and a good foot uncle and money in his pocket too continued Beatrice as if she wasnt interrupted. a man like that would win any woman in the world—if he could get her to accede. (continued in next caught ya!) Word of Definition, Synonym Example, Image, the Day Showing sentence adjective -- 1. relating to or having James Bond, the virile British virile the characteristics of an adult male character of the movies, is 2. strong in a sexually attractive never at a loss for the way company of beautiful women. verb -- 1. to give consent or agreement to something President Bush acceded to 2. To enter upon the duties of an office in January, 2001. accede office Words of the day: The word of the day is: virile. Say the word with me: virile. The second word of the day is accede. Say the word: accede. Caught ‘ya! Key “With a virile leg and a good foot, Uncle, and money in his pocket, too,” continued Beatrice as if she had not been interrupted. “A man such as he would win any woman in the world—if he could get her to accede.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – new speaker • Quotation marks – dialogue • Coordinating conjunction – do not begin sentences with one • Verb tense • Like vs. as – “Like” should be used only with a noun or pronoun standing for a noun in a direct comparison; “as if” must be used here because it is not a comparison. • Pronouns – “he” is needed because it is the subject of an implied verb (“is”) • Punctuation – dash (or commas) needed to denote break; no end quotation marks because Beatrice’s dialogue will be continued in next Caught ya! 12th Grade 48 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: and i dont want anyone who has a beard on his face neither beatrice warmed up to her diatribe. he who has a beard is more than a youth. he who has no beard is less then a man. he who is more than a youth is not for me he who is less than a man i am not for him Word of the Day diatribe Definition, Synonym noun a bitter verbal or written attack on somebody or something Example, Image, Showing sentence The Secretary of Education published a diatribe against falling standards in education. Word of the day: The word of the day is: diatribe. Say the word with me: diatribe. Caught ‘ya! Key “I don’t want anyone who has a beard on his face, either,” Beatrice warmed up to her diatribe. “He who has a beard is more than a youth. He who has no beard is less than a man. He who is more than a youth is not for me; he who is less than a man, I am not for him.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New Paragraph – slight subject change • Commas – quote; odd word order (“I am not for him”); extra word • Apostrophe – contraction • Correlative conjunctions – “either” needed, for there is no negative • Relative pronouns – who/who/that/which (who is needed in all five places; “that” or “which” never used with people) • Frequently confused words – then/than; fewer/less • Semicolon – compound sentence 12th Grade 49 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: on my word niece you never will get a husband and marry if you are such a shrew with our tongue and so shrewd with your wit admonished Leonato fondly. four hundred years ago womens rights did not exist Word of Definition, Synonym the Day shrew noun an offensive term for a woman who is regarded as quarrelsome, nagging, or ill-tempered shrewd adjective showing or possessing intelligence, insight, and sound judgment, especially in business or politics Example, Image, Showing sentence Despite the fact that most people thought that the woman was a shrew, she had a reputation for being a shrewd businesswoman. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: shrew. Say the word with me: shrew. The next word of the day is: shrewd. Say the word with me: shrewd. Caught ‘ya! Key “On my word, Niece, you never will get a husband and marry if you are such a shrew with our tongue and are so shrewd with your wit,” admonished Leonato fondly. Four hundred years ago women’s rights did not exist. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Two paragraphs – new speaker; narrator aside • Commas – interjection; direct address; quote; optional comma after “ago” for introductory adverb • Quotation marks – dialogue • Capitalization – “Niece” is used as name • Parallel construction • Possessive – plural noun that doesn’t end in “s” 12th Grade 50 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: beatrice responded well i dont plan to marry and my nuptial day never will arrive and there is no man for me and me and my virtue will go to heaven as a maid Word of Definition, Synonym the Day nuptial noun relating to marriage or weddings Example, Image, Showing sentence The media flocked to get a glimpse of the celebrity couple’s nuptials. Word of the day: The word of the day is: nuptial. Say the word with me: nuptial. Caught ‘ya! Key Beatrice responded, “Well, I don’t plan to marry. My nuptial day never will arrive. There is no man for me. My virtue and I will go to Heaven as a maid.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – new speaker • Commas – quote; introductory work • Quotation marks – dialogue • Run-on sentence – lack of punctuation and over use of “and” • Pronouns – “I” as subject and “me” as object; word order (put yourself last) • Italics for emphasis of word 12th Grade 51 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: hero interrupted beatrices monologue to point out that people were arriving for the masquerade. everyone donned their mask and went to join the festivities. Word of the Day masquerade don Definition, Synonym noun a party at which masks and costumes are worn, whether an informal gathering of friends or a formal ball verb to put on Example, Image, Showing sentence Masquerade parties are thrown all over the country every Halloween. Attempting to deceive the Trojans, Patroklas donned the armor of Achilles, but the armor was of little use in battle with the mighty Hektor. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: masquerade. Say the word with me: masquerade. The next word of the day is: donned. Say the word with me: donned. Caught ‘ya! Key Hero interrupted Beatrice’s monologue to point out that people were arriving for the masquerade. Everyone donned a [or his/her] mask and went to join the festivities. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • • • • Paragraph – narrator with subject change Apostrophe – possessive Indirect quotation – use of that to avoid quotes Antecedent/pronoun agreement – “everyone” is singular and needs a singular pronoun 12th Grade 52 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: the servants had outdone theirselves festoons of garlands hung from the ceiling, and lace covered tables groaned under the weight of the food. Word of the Day festoon Definition, Synonym noun decoration; ornament. garland. verb decorate Example, Image, Showing sentence During the holidays our stairways are lined with evergreen festoons. Word of the day: The word of the day is: festoon. Say the word with me: festoon. Caught ‘ya! Key The servants had outdone themselves. Festoons of garlands hung from the ceiling, and lace-covered tables groaned under the weight of the food. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – subject change • Comma – compound sentence • Reflexive pronoun – use correct form (theirself isn’t a word) • Hyphen – two words acting as one adjective 12th Grade 53 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: a throng of townspeople dressed in an array of bright colors each wearing their mask danced around on the shiny wood floor like dream dancers swaying to imaginary music. it was a picturesque scene. Word of the Day array picturesque Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence The holiday dinner table was set with an array of the finest china and crystal. noun collection; selection; arrangement adjective visually very appealing Artists often live in the or impressive; picturesque Colorado seeming fit for a Rocky Mountains. painting or photograph Words of the day: The first word of the day is: array. Say the word with me: array. The next word of the day is: picturesque. Say the word with me: picturesque. Caught ‘ya! Key A throng of townspeople dressed in a array of bright colors, each wearing a mask, danced around on the shiny wood floor like dream dancers swaying to imaginary music. It was a picturesque scene. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • No new paragraph • Commas – participial phrases • Articles – “a” before consonants; “an” before vowels or silent “h’s” as in “an hour” • Antecedent/pronoun agreement – “throng” is a collective noun and, therefore, singular; “each” is short for “each one” and is singular; “their” is plural 12th Grade 54 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: soon the entire crowd were dancing. benedick whom recognized beatrice danced with her. beatrice however pretended not to discern him and took advantage of the opportunity to playfully abuse him farther. Word of the Day discern Definition, Synonym verb 1. to see or notice something that is not very clear or obvious 2. to understand something not immediately obvious Example, Image, Showing sentence It was not difficult to discern that the man had been under the influence of some sort of drug. Word of the day: The word of the day is: discern. Say the word with me: discern. Caught ‘ya! Key Soon, the entire crowd was dancing. Benedick, who recognized Beatrice, danced with her. Beatrice, however, pretended not to discern him and took advantage of the opportunity to playfully abuse him further. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – action change • Subject/verb agreement – “crowd” is singular and needs singular for of verb “was” • Relative pronouns – who/whom/that (“who” needed here as subject of “recognized” and “hid”) • Frequently confused words – farther/further; “farther” is used only in reference to distance 12th Grade 55 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: benedick winced with pain to hear beatrices verbal assaults he is the Princes jester she said. his only gift is devising impossible and odorous slanders but his quips are cleverer than him beatrice ranted. Word of the Day devise Definition, Synonym odorous adjective scented, stinking verb to think something up Example, Image, Showing sentence The doctors devised a treatment plan to help the football player recover from his injuries. We suddenly swerved out of the path of the odorous skunk relaxing in the street. Words of the day: The word of the day is: devise. Say the word with me: devise. The next word of the day is: odorous. Say the word with me: odorous. Caught ‘ya! Key Benedick winced with pain to hear Beatrice’s verbal assaults. “He is the Prince’s jester,” she said. His only gift is devising impossible and odorous slanders, but his quips are cleverer than he,” Beatrice ranted. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph when Beatrice speaks • Quotation marks – dialogue • Apostrophe – possessives • Commas – to set off quote; compound sentence • Pronouns – “he” as subject of verb “to be” (“he is” where “is” is implied) 12th Grade 56 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: when I descry the gentlemen of whom you speak i will tell him what you said offered Benedick as they continued to closely dance and exchange barbs. Word of the Day descry Definition, Synonym verb to see; to catch sight of something Example, Image, Showing sentence The children giggled with glee, eager to descry Santa coming down the chimney. Word of the day: The word of the day is: descry. Say the word with me: descry. Caught ‘ya! Key “When I descry the gentlemen of whom you speak, I will tell him what you said,” offered Benedick as they continued to dance closely and to exchange barbs. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New Paragraph – new speaker • Commas – introductory subordinate clause; quote • Relative pronouns – who/whom/that/which (“whom” needed as object of the preposition) • Parallel construction – “to dance” and “to exchange” • Splitting infinitives -- (Star Trek was wrong – “To boldly go . . .” should be “To go boldly . . .”) 12th Grade 57 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: meanwhile claudio danced with hero each gazing into the others eyes. the two of them wrapped around each other like pigs in a blanket oinking there beatitudes. Word of the Day beatitude Definition, Synonym noun 1. statement of those who are blessed; in the Bible, one of the sayings of Jesus Christ in the Sermon on the Mount about the eight groups of people who will receive blessing in heaven Matthew 5:3-11 2. extreme happiness and serenity Example, Image, Showing sentence “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of Heaven” is the first of the beatitudes. On Thanksgiving Day, many families give thanks out of sense of beatitude. Word of the day: The word of the day is: beatitude. Say the word with me: beatitude. Caught ‘ya! Key Meanwhile, Claudio danced with Hero, each gazing into the other’s eyes. The two of them wrapped around each other like pigs in a blanket, “oinking” their beatitudes. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – narrator speaking • Apostrophe – possessive • Homophone – there/their/they’re • Quotation marks – using animal sounds as a word • Note simile and onomatopoeia • Note transition word – “meanwhile” 12th Grade 58 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: well don john and borachio also were at the masquerade. they are spreading alot of dissension and deceit instead of dancing. Word of the Day dissension Definition, Synonym noun disagreement or difference of opinion, especially when leading to open conflict Example, Image, Showing sentence The dissension between the two groups became so strong that the club had to disband. Word of the day: The word of the day is: dissension. Say the word with me: dissension. Caught ‘ya! Key Well, Don John and Borachio also were at the masquerade. They spread a lot of dissension and deceit instead of dancing. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – narrator speaking • Comma – introductory word • Common spelling error – “a lot” is two words and should not be used in formal writing • Compound subject 12th Grade 59 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: the 2 infamous varlets cornered claudio and pretending to be fooled by his disguise disseminated there lie that don pedro planned to marry hero tonight. Word of the Day varlet Definition, Synonym disseminate verb to distribute or spread something, especially information, widely, or become widespread noun rascal Example, Image, Showing sentence Tom Sawyer, the mischievous varlet, tricked Huck Finn into doing work for him. We waited impatiently while the teacher disseminated the graded essays to the students. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: varlet. Say the word with me: varlet. The next word of the day is: disseminate. Say the word with me: disseminate. Caught ‘ya! Key The two infamous varlets cornered Claudio and, pretending to be fooled by his disguise, disseminated their lie that Don Pedro planned to marry Hero that very night. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • • • • • No new paragraph – continuation Commas – participial phrase as interrupter Write out numbers under 100 Homophone – there/their/they’re Incorrect word use -- cannot use “tonight” in a story in the past tense when the narrator is relating events 12th Grade 60 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: as you can imagine this lie singularly effected poor claudio whom thought that it was him that was going to wed hero and claudio was really perturbed. Word of the Day perturb Definition, Synonym verb to disturb and trouble somebody Example, Image, Showing sentence It was hard for Suzie to concentrate because the boy sitting behind her kept perturbing her with the incessant tapping of his pencil. Word of the day: The word of the day is: perturb. Say the word with me: perturb. Caught ‘ya! Key As you can imagine, this lie singularly affected poor Claudio who though that it was he who was going to wed Hero. Claudio was really perturbed. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Paragraph – narrator aside • Commas – introductory subordinate clause • Use of second person in aside – narrator is stepping out of story • Relative pronouns – “who is needed both times as subject; never use “that” or “which” to refer to people. • Run-on sentence – “and” without accompanying comma • Frequently confused words – effect/affect • Pronoun – “he” needed here as subject of “was” • Italics – emphasis of word 12th Grade 61 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: don john on the other hand reveled in his villainy and delighted in getting revenge and he had know sense of humor and never smiled when he could frown. what a loser. Word of the Day revel villainy Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence Mary reveled in the excitement of having been elected homecoming queen. verb to take great pleasure in something noun evil conduct; behavior Hitler is remembered for characteristic of an evil or extreme acts of villainy contemptible person because of atrocities committed against Jews. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: revel. Say the word with me: revel. The next word of the day is: villainy. Say the word with me: villainy. Caught ‘ya! Key Don John, on the other hand, reveled in his villainy and delighted in getting revenge. He had no sense of humor and never smiled when he could frown. What a loser! Grammar/punctuation highlights: • No new paragraph • Commas – interrupter • Run-on sentence -- “and” • Homophone – no/know • Syntax – deliberate use of fragment for narrator aside • Exclamation in fragment for emphasis 12th Grade 62 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: but wait don john was foiled again. don pedro cleared up claudios misconception and woe. don pedro assured claudio that hero was his. rest easy my friend. i have wooed hero in your name and she is yours Word of the Day foil Definition, Synonym verb to prevent somebody from succeeding in something misconception noun mistaken idea Example, Image, Showing sentence Our attempts to surprise our friend were foiled when she overheard us planning her party. For hundreds of years people were under the misconception that the earth was flat. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: foil. Say the word with me: foil. The next word of the day is: misconception. Say the word with me: misconception. Caught ‘ya! Key But wait! Don John was foiled again. Don Pedro cleared up Claudio’s misconception and woe. Don Pedro assured Claudio that Hero was his. “Rest easy, my friend. I have wooed Hero in your name, and she is yours.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • Two New paragraphs -- shift in topic and new speaker • Syntax – Intentional fragment • Apostrophe – possessive • Comma – direct address and compound sentence 12th Grade 63 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: leonato heros father added farther take my daughter and with her my fortune who loves you a lot when you two join in holy matrimony. I hope that you and she will be very happy and that all ends good Word of the Day matrimony Definition, Synonym noun married state; the condition of being married Example, Image, Showing sentence Friends of the couple smiled fondly as they witnessed their venture into matrimony. Word of the day: The word of the day is: matrimony. Say the word with me: matrimony. Caught ‘ya! Key Leonato, Hero’s father, added further, “Take my daughter, who loves you a lot, and with her my fortune. When you two join in holy matrimony, I hope that you and she will be very happy and that all ends well.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – new speaker • Commas – appositive; to set off dialogue; adjective clause with relative pronoun • Imperative – subject implied • Misplaced modifier – “daughter loves a lot” not the fortune – and the use of “a lot” should be avoided in writing • Frequently confused words – further/farther • Pronouns – Use “she” because it is the subject of “will be” • Adjective vs. Adverb – “Good” is an adjective; “Well” is an adverb 12th Grade 64 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: as the men conversed further they walked outside into the stunning moon lit garden The men however were oblivious to its beauty as they meandered farther down one of the paths lost in conversation Word of the Day oblivious Definition, Synonym adjective unaware of or paying no attention to somebody or something Example, Image, Showing sentence The students continued to exchange answers during the test, oblivious to the fact that the teacher was standing right behind them. Word of the day: The word of the day is: oblivious. Say the word with me: oblivious. Caught ‘ya! Key As the men conversed further, they walked outside into the stunning, moon-lit garden. The men, however, were oblivious to its beauty as they meandered farther down one of the paths lost in conversation. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – narrator again • Commas – Introductory subordinate clause; participial phrase; interrupter • Hyphen – two-word adjective • Frequently confused words -- further/farther (farther refers to measurable distance) 12th Grade 65 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: don pedro said that he thought that beatrice was predestined to marry benedick after all the two could talk of nothing but the other accept when they were laying asleep in separate beds Word of the Day predestine Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence verb The students whined when 1. to decide in advance they discovered that the what is going to happen class groupings for the 2. in some religious beliefs, project had already been to select in advance who predestined by the will go to heaven after teacher. death and who will not Word of the day: The word of the day is: predestine. Say the word with me: predestine. Caught ‘ya! Key Don Pedro said that he thought that Beatrice was predestined to marry Benedick. After all, the two could talk of nothing but the other except when they were lying asleep in separate beds. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • No new paragraph – continuation • Comma – introductory phrase • Frequently confused words – accept/except • Irregular Verbs -- lie/lay/has lain/lying and lay/laid/has laid/laying 12th Grade 66 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: oh my word said Leonato if they being who they are was married for a week they would prattle themselves mad Lets get the two of them together with each other he said diabolically. Word of the Day prattle Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence verb The ladies at the tea party to talk in a silly, idle, or prattled on and on about childish way trivial neighborhood events. Word of the day: The word of the day is: prattle. Say the word with me: prattle. Caught ‘ya! Key “Oh my word,” said Leonato, “if they, being who they are, were married for a week, they would prattle themselves mad! Let’s get the two of them together!” he said diabolically. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – new speaker • Commas – interjection; introductory phrase; interrupted quote, introductory subordinate clause • Quotation – continued quote needs no capital letter to begin continuation • Verb tense – use of conditional tense after “if” clause • Exclamation mark – emphasis • Apostrophe – contraction • Redundancy -- eliminate redundant words (“with each other”) 12th Grade 67 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: it would be a herculean labor to bring benedick and beatrice together in a mountain of affection for each other proffered don pedro. lets do it. whose with me. Word of the Day proffer Definition, Synonym verb to offer something for consideration to somebody Example, Image, Showing sentence The company car was proffered to Elizabeth as one of perks of her job. Word of the day: The word of the day is: proffer. Say the word with me: proffer. Caught ‘ya! Key “It would be a Herculean labor to bring Benedick and Beatrice together in a mountain of affection for each other,” proffered Don Pedro. “Let’s do it! Who’s with me?” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – new speaker • Comma – setting off quote • Apostrophe – contraction • Punctuation – exclamation point for emphasis; question for interrogative sentence • Frequently confused words – who’s, whose 12th Grade 68 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: the three men then debated how too get two young people to realize their love for each other two young people who abhorred the following marriage love the opposite sex and anyone whose name began with aB Word of the Day debate Definition, Synonym verb 1. to talk or argue about something 2. to ponder something carefully Example, Image, Showing sentence The committee members debated over potential changes to the dress code. Word of the day: The word of the day is: debate. Say the word with me: debate. Caught ‘ya! Key The three men then debated how to get two young people to realize their love for each other, two young people who abhorred the following: marriage, love, the opposite sex, and anyone whose name began with a “B.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – narrator • Commas – repetition, noun series • Homophone – their/there/they’re; to/two/too • Colon – to set off long series (a colon is not used before a verb) • Frequently confused words – whose/who’s • Punctuation – quotation marks needed around single letters (“B”) 12th Grade 69 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: just then hero wandered into the garden to discover the men conversing with one another. when her father shared the news of her imminent marriage to Claudio she was elated Word of the Day imminent Definition, Synonym adjective about to happen, or threatening to happen Example, Image, Showing sentence Citizens were strongly encouraged to evacuate the coast when the arrival of the storm seemed imminent. Word of the day: The word of the day is: imminent. Say the word with me: imminent. Caught ‘ya! Key Just then, Hero, wandered into the garden to discover the men conversing with one another. When her father shared the news of her imminent marriage to Claudio, she was elated. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – subject change • Commas – introductory adverb; introductory subordinate clause 12th Grade 70 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: Claudio besotted by Hero beseeched Leonato to hasten there wedding day. time goes on crutches until loves rites take place. I cant wait to marry my beautiful comely unrivaled love Word of the Day beseech Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence verb The defense attorney to ask earnestly or beg finished his closing somebody to do argument by beseeching something the jury to find his client innocent of all charges. unrivaled adjective unequaled My aunt’s unrivaled cherry pie always the bake-off competitions at the community center. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: beseech. Say the word with me: beseech. The next word of the day is: unrivaled. Say the word with me: unrivaled. Caught ‘ya! Key Claudio, besotted by Hero, beseeched Leonato to hasten their wedding day. “Time goes on crutches until Love’s rites take place. I can’t wait to marry my beautiful, comely, unrivaled love.” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – new speaker • Commas – participial phrase, adjective series • Quotation marks – dialogue • Homophone – their/there/they’re • Apostrophe – possession and contraction • Capitalization – love is capitalized, since it is being referred to as a person 12th Grade 71 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: after being reassured that their marriage was to take place that very week claudio and hero join the conspiracy in there plot to transform beatrice and benedick the comical combatants into an amorous couple. Word of the Day combatant Definition, Synonym noun 1. someone taking part in war 2. someone involved in an argument or conflict Example, Image, Showing sentence After the boxers were introduced to the crowd, the combatants waited in their respective corners until the starting bell rang. Word of the day: The word of the day is: combatant. Say the word with me: combatant. Caught ‘ya! Key After being reassured that their marriage was to take place that very week, Claudio and Hero joined the conspiracy in its plot to transform Beatrice and Benedick, the comical combatants, into an amorous couple. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – narrator • Commas – long introductory adverbial phrase; parenthetical appositive phrase • Antecedent/pronoun agreement – collective noun-conspiracy/it’s • Verb tense shift – story is in past tense 12th Grade 72 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: the four conspirators named themselves cupids clan and then the group covertly hatched their plot. beatrice was to become its first casualty. Word of the Day conspirator casualty Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence In the movie, Ocean’s Eleven, conspirators from various backgrounds plot to rob a casino. noun a member of a group of people planning or agreeing in secret to commit an illegal or subversive act noun 1. somebody who has a fatal Although the roll-over accident accident or receives a serious seemed horrific, amazingly there injury were no casualties. 2. victim 3. injured or dead soldier Words of the day: The first word of the day is: conspirator. Say the word with me: conspirator. The next word of the day is: casualty. Say the word with me: casualty. Caught ‘ya! Key The four conspirators named themselves “Cupid’s Clan,” and then the group covertly hatched its plot. Beatrice was to become its first casualty. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph – new topic • Comma – compound sentence • Quotation marks around name of group • Pronoun/Antecedent agreement – “group” singular/”their” plural— needs to be “its” • Note allusion • Apostrophe – possessive 12th Grade 73 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: when they knew that beatrice was eavesdropping hero and her ladies spoke about Benedick, lauding him and giving him all of the virtues that Beatrice liked. Word of the Day laud Definition, Synonym Example, Image, Showing sentence verb The city planned a parade to to glorify somebody, or laud the victory of their praise somebody team. highly Word of the day: The word of the day is: laud. Say the word with me: laud. Caught ‘ya! Key When they knew that Beatrice was eavesdropping, Hero and her ladies spoke about Benedick, lauding him and giving him all of the virtues that Beatrice liked. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • No new paragraph – same topic • Comma – introductory adverbial phrase, participial phrase 12th Grade 74 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: they also ostentatiously insisted that benedick pined with love for beatrice. truly hes madly in love with her but I fear that shell scorn him and break his heart. you know how she is about men. we must warn him to give up his dream of marrying her Word of Definition, Synonym the Day ostentatiously adjective rich and showy; marked by a vulgar display of wealth and success designed to impress people pine verb to long for somebody or something, especially somebody or something unattainable Example, Image, Showing sentence The Trump Tower in New York City is adorned ostentatiously in gold and marble. Clark Kent can never seem to get Lois Lane’s attention because she’s always pining away for Superman. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: ostentatiously. Say the word with me: ostentatiously. The next word of the day is: pine. Say the word with me: pine. Caught ‘ya! Key They also ostentatiously insisted that Benedick pined with love for Beatrice. “Truly, he’s madly in love with her, but I fear that she’ll scorn him and break his heart. You know how she is about men. We must warn him to give up his dream of marrying her!” Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph to set off dialogue • Commas – Introductory adverb • Apostrophe – contractions • Homophone – break/brake 12th Grade 75 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ‘ya!: at the same time the men made plans to likewise deceive the intemperate benedick. when benedick could overhear them they would loudly extol beatrices virtues and her abiding love for benedick. Word of Definition, Synonym the Day intemperate adjective having or showing a lack of self-control, especially in expressing feelings or satisfying physical desires extol verb to praise somebody or something with great enthusiasm and admiration Example, Image, Showing sentence The intemperate lifestyles of celebrities frequently lead to trouble with the law. Every year the club holds a celebration banquet to formally extol the efforts of its volunteers. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: intemperate. Say the word with me: intemperate. The next word of the day is: extol. Say the word with me: extol. Caught ‘ya! Key At the same time, the men made plans to likewise deceive the intemperate Benedick. When Benedick could overhear them, they would loudly extol Beatrice’s virtues and her abiding love for Benedick. Grammar/punctuation highlights: • New paragraph -- narrator • Commas – introductory adverbial phrase, introductory subordinate clause • Apostrophe – possessive 12th Grade 76 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: among those that i know benedick is not the worstest prospect for a husband concluded Don Pedro. he is honest and meritorious. beatrice should fall in love with him and him with her. Word of the Day meritorious Definition, Synonym adjective deserving of honor and recognition Example, Image, showing sentence Nancy was awarded an honor for meritorious service. Word of the day: The word of the day is: meritorious. Say the word with me: meritorious. Caught ya! Key “Among those whom I know, Benedick is not the worst prospect for a husband, concluded Don Pedro. “He is honest and meritorious. Beatrice should fall in love with him and he with her.” Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – new speaker • Comma – long introductory phrase • Irregular comparative -- bad/worse/worst • Relative pronouns – who/whom/whose/whosoever whomever/that/which (“that and “which” can be subject or object and are used only with objects and animals; “who” and “whom” are used with people; “who is subject; “whom” is object) • Pronouns – use “he” since “should fall in love with” is implied • Frequently confused words -- among/between 12th Grade 77 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: unsuccessful in his first attempt to thwart claudios and heros nuptials don john don pedros contemptible half brother and his sycophant borachio devised another scheme. Word of the Day Definition, Synonym Example, Image, showing sentence contemptible adjective The contemptible thief disgraceful, disreputable, was arrested several loathsome times. noun The Senator was sycophant a fawning flatterer; someone surrounded by who praises somebody in sycophants who were power for personal gain hoping to get his political support for their projects. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: contemptible. Say the word with me: contemptible. The next word of the day is: sycophant. Say the word with me: sycophant. Caught ya! Key Unsuccessful in his first attempt to thwart Claudio’s and Hero’s nuptials, Don John, Don Pedro’s contemptible half-brother, and his sycophant Borachio devised another scheme. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – new topic • Commas -- long modifier at beginning of sentence; appositive; no comma before or after Borachio since it is a restrictive modifier (Don Pedro has several sycophants— Borachio and Conrade.) • Possession – singular nouns • Hyphen – two words acting as one 12th Grade 78 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: borachio badly wanted to impress his boss. he proposed a covert plan. it seemed that borachio had been dating the girl margaret heros maid. margaret would do anything borachio asked. Word of the Day covert Definition, Synonym adjective secret; not intended to be known, seen, or found out Example, Image, showing sentence The military trains special forces to complete covert missions. Word of the day: The word of the day is: covert. Say the word with me: covert. Caught ya! Key Borachio badly wanted to impress his boss. He proposed a covert plan. It seemed that Borachio had been dating the girl Margaret, Hero’s maid. Margaret would do anything Borachio asked. Grammar/punctuation rules: • Comma – appositive • Possession – singular noun • Verb tense 12th Grade 79 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: borachio proposed that they take advantage of claudios impetuous tendency to judge to get riled and to jump to conclusions. because he was young he often was guilty of not “looking before leaping.” Word of the Day impetuous Definition, Synonym adjective acting impulsively, on the spur of the moment, without considering the consequences. Example, Image, showing sentence Romeo’s tragic flaw is that he is impetuous, especially when he kills Tybalt rather than letting the Prince deal with him. Word of the day: The word of the day is: impetuous. Say the word with me: impetuous. Caught ya! Key Borachio proposed that they take advantage of Claudio’s impetuous tendency to judge, to get riled, and to jump to conclusions. Because he was young, he often was guilty of not “looking before leaping.” Grammar/punctuation rules: • Note aphorism – “look before you leap.” • Commas – infinitive series, introductory dependent clause 12th Grade 80 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: [Warning! This is one sentence—improperly punctuated.] borachios diabolical plan included the following: the night before the wedding, borachio would romance margaret at heros bedroom window, calling her hero; don john would ensure that claudio and don pedro witnessed the rendezvous; claudio and don pedro would think that Hero had cuckolded claudio; and claudio would call off the wedding. Word of the Day rendezvous cuckold Definition, Synonym Example, Image, showing sentence noun Deciding to keep the a meeting arranged for rendezvous with her an agreed time and Internet friend, she broke place her wedding vows and noun made a cuckold of her man whose wife is husband. unfaithful Words of the day: The first word of the day is: rendezvous. Say the word with me: rendezvous. The next word of the day is: cuckold. Say the word with me: cuckold. Caught ya! Key Borachio’s diabolical plan included the following: the night before the wedding, Borachio would romance Margaret at Hero’s bedroom window, calling her Hero; Don John would insure that Claudio and Don Pedro witnessed the rendezvous; Claudio and Don Pedro would think that Hero had cuckolded Claudio; and Claudio would call off the wedding. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – new subject • Commas – long introductory adverbial phrase, participial phrase • Run-on sentence – no punctuation • Colon – to set off list of sentences • Semicolons – use after a colon for clarity in a series • Apostrophe – singular possessives • Homophones – ensure/insure 12th Grade 81 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: don john sanctioned borachios plan. i will learn there day of marriage so that we can put this plan into affect Word of the Day sanction Definition, Synonym Example, Image, showing sentence verb We asked our parents to to give official sanction our marriage by permission or approval giving us their blessing. for a course of action The judge imposed noun sanctions on the company penalty imposed for for violating the pollution breaking a rule standards set forth by the government. Word of the day: The word of the day is: sanction. Say the word with me: sanction. Caught ya! Key Don John sanctioned Borachio’s plan. “I will learn their day of marriage so that we can put this plan into effect.” Grammar/punctuation rules: • New Paragraph – new speaker • Quotation marks – conversation • Homophone – their/there/they’re • Apostrophe – singular possessive • Frequently confused words – affect/effect 12th Grade 82 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: meanwhile benedick sat on a bench and cogitated on his friends impending marriage. what folly he thought out loud. claudio is usually a reasonable man. ill never fall like him. ah i here my friends voices. ill hide in this arbor Word of Definition, Synonym the Day cogitate verb to think deeply and carefully about something arbor noun a shaded place formed by the leaves and branches of trees and plants that interweave naturally or are trained to grow around a trellis Example, Image, showing sentence My father never makes impulsive decisions; he frequently cogitates for hours before he decides to act. We planted fast-growing jasmine this spring, hoping that it would cover the arbor before the end of the year. Words of the day: The word of the day is: cogitate. Say the word with me: cogitate. The word of the day is: arbor. Say the word with me: arbor. Caught ya! Key Meanwhile, Benedick sat on a bench and cogitated on his friend’s impending marriage. “What folly!” he thought out loud. “Claudio is usually a reasonable man. I’ll never fall as he did. Ah, I hear my friends’ voices. I’ll hide in this arbor.” Grammar/punctuation rules: • Two new paragraphs – topic shift, new speaker • Commas – two introductory adverbs (one a phrase); interjection (“Ah”) • Quotation marks -- think aloud • Apostrophe – singular possessive and contraction • Pronouns – “him” used in normative case – “he did” is implied • Like vs. as – “like” is only used in direct comparison of two nouns 12th Grade 83 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: what transpired then was a masterpiece of theater a dialogue worthy of Shakespeare Word of the Day transpire Definition, Synonym verb happen Example, Image, showing sentence What transpired after they left remains a secret. Word of the day: The word of the day is: transpire. Say the word with me: transpire. Caught ya! Key What transpired then was a masterpiece of theater, a dialogue worthy of Shakespeare. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – narrator speaking • Comma – appositive 12th Grade 84 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: don pedro leonato and claudio clandestinely followed benedick to the park and seeing him hide in a nearby arbor winked at each other and began there discourse. Word of the Day clandestinely discourse Definition, Synonym Example, Image, showing sentence adverb Because their parents secretly objected to their relationship, the young couple met clandestinely at the mall. noun College professors require a serious conversation students to use academic or piece of writing discourse in their writing, rather than slang. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: clandestinely. Say the word with me: clandestinely. The next word of the day is: discourse. Say the word with me: discourse. Caught ya! Key Don Pedro, Leonato, and Claudio clandestinely followed Benedick to the park and, seeing him hide in a nearby arbor, winked at each other and began their discourse. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – new subject • Commas – noun series; participial phrase modifying Claudio • Homophone – their/there/they’re • Possessive pronouns – my, you, his, her, its, our, their • Compound verb 12th Grade 85 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: don pedro wasted no time. didnt you tell me leonato that your outspoken niece beatrice is in love with benedick yes my friend. im so glad that she dotes on Benedick a man whom to outward appearances she seems to abhor Word of the Day dote abhor Definition, Synonym verb to show extreme fondness for somebody verb to hate or detest something Example, Image, showing sentence When they were dating, he doted on her incessantly, but after they broke up, he abhorred her. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: dote. Say the word with me: dote. The next word of the day is: abhor. Say the word with me: abhor. Caught ya! Key Don Pedro wasted no time. “Didn’t you tell me, Leonato, that your outspoken niece, Beatrice, is in love with Benedick?” “Yes, my friend. I’m so glad that she dotes on Benedick, a man whom, to outward appearances, she seems to abhor.” Grammar/punctuation rules: • Two paragraphs – two speakers • Commas – direct address; appositive; introductory word and direct address; appositive; aside as interrupter (“to outward”) • Quotation • Contractions • Homophone – your/you’re • Relative pronouns – “who” is subject; “whom” is object 12th Grade 86 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: leonato continues beatrice loves him with an enraged affection. maybe she only counterfeits her passion suggested don pedro with a grin. how do you know this Word of the Day counterfeit Definition, Synonym verb to pretend in order to deceive somebody Example, Image, showing sentence He counterfeited affection for his elderly aunt, hoping she would remember him in her will. Word of the day: The word of the day is: counterfeit. Say the word with me: counterfeit. Caught ya! Key Leonato continued, “Beatrice loves him with an enraged affection.” “Maybe she only counterfeits her passion,” suggested Don Pedro with a grin. “How do you know this?” Grammar/punctuation rules: • Two paragraphs – two speakers • Commas – dialogue • Incorrect verb tense shift – story is in past tense 12th Grade 87 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: why my chaste daughter hero confided in me leonato answered. hero says that beatrice rises 20 times a night sets there in her nightgown and writes the words benedick and beatrice over and over on a peace of paper Word of the Day chaste Definition, Synonym adjective behaving in a pure way with no immoral thoughts. Example, Image, showing sentence The heroine of the romantic novel lives a chaste, uneventful life and marries a rich banker. Word of the day: The word of the day is: chaste. Say the word with me: chaste. Caught ya! Key “Why, my chaste daughter, Hero, confided in me,” Leonato answered. “Hero says that Beatrice rises twenty times a night, sits there in her nightgown, and writes the words, ‘Benedick and Beatrice’ over and over on a piece of paper.” Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – new speaker • Commas – interjection; appositive; quote; verb series • Quotation marks – dialogue • Irregular verbs – rise/rose/has risen, raise/raised/has raised, sit/sat/has sat, and set/set/has set • Numbers – write out to 100 • Punctuation – quote within a quote • Homophone – piece/peace 12th Grade 88 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: the conspirators went on and on in such a vain talking about beatrices love for benedick and periodically checking surreptitiously to make sure that Benedick was still listening. Word of Definition, Synonym the Day surreptitiously adverb in a concealed or underhanded way to escape notice, especially disapproval. Example, Image, showing sentence The boy surreptitiously swiped two home-made cookies without his mother noticing. Word of the day: The word of the day is: surreptitiously. Say the word with me: surreptitiously. Caught ya! Key The conspirators went on and on in such a vein, talking about Beatrice’s “love” for Benedick and periodically checking surreptitiously to make sure that Benedick was still listening. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – narrator • Commas – participial phrase • Possession – singular noun • Punctuation – quotation marks needed around supposed falsehood • Homophone – vein/vain 12th Grade 89 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: they concluded their charade by deciding not to tell benedick of beatrices supposed love because he would mock her. Benedick herd it all and bought his friends act hook line and soliloquy Word of the Day soliloquy Definition, Synonym noun the act of speaking while alone, especially when used as a theatrical device that allows a character's thoughts and ideas to be conveyed to the audience Example, Image, showing sentence Hamlet thinks through the prospects of ending his troubles with suicide in the famous soliloquy which begins, “To be, or not to be, that is the question” (Hamlet II.3.62). Word of the day: The word of the day is: soliloquy. Say the word with me: soliloquy. Caught ya! Key They concluded their charade by “deciding” not to tell Benedick of Beatrice’s supposed love because he would mock her. Benedick heard it all and bought his friends’ act hook, line, and soliloquy. Grammar/punctuation rules: • Commas – noun series • Possessive pronouns – my, you, his, her, its, our, their • Homophones – their/there/they’re; heard/herd • Punctuation – use of quotation marks to mark falsehood • Apostrophe – singular and plural possessives 12th Grade 90 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: suddenly he saw beatrice in a new light. she is quick with badinage and humor and she is beautiful. when i said i would die a bachelor i did not consider her. Word of the Day badinage Definition, Synonym noun playful talk, banter Example, Image, showing sentence Lunchtime was the best part of the day because students could engage in innocent badinage with their friends. Word of the day: The word of the day is: badinage. Say the word with me: badinage. Caught ya! Key Suddenly Benedick saw Beatrice in a new light. “She is quick with badinage and humor, and she is beautiful. When I said I would die a bachelor, I did not consider Beatrice.” Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – new speaker • Commas – compound sentence, introductory subordinate clause • Quotation marks – think aloud • Pronoun confusion – use specific nouns 12th Grade 91 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: when a few minutes later she came to call him in to dinner he interpreted everything she said and did as a portent of her love. Word of the Day portent Definition, Synonym noun 1. omen 2. a sign; significance Example, Image, showing sentence The sound of thunder in the film was a portent of the horror to follow. After his bout with kidney stones, every little pain became a portent of another painful experience. Word of the day: The word of the day is: portent. Say the word with me: portent. Caught ya! Key When, a few minutes later, Beatrice came to call Benedick in to dinner, Benedick interpreted everything Beatrice said and did as a portent of her love. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – time change • Commas – separate two adverbs and at the end of second adverb; introductory subordinate clause • Pronouns – use proper nouns for clarity 12th Grade 92 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: that very evening hero a gentlewoman named ursula and margaret heros maid (the one who was in cahoots with borachio) lured beatrice into the garden Word of the Day “in cahoots with” Definition, Synonym adjective collaborating with someone, especially with the intention of conspiring against someone else Example, Image, showing sentence The politician’s opponents accused him of being in cahoots with members of organized crime. Word of the day: The word of the day is: “in cahoots with” Say the word with me: “in cahoots with” Caught ya! Key That very evening, Hero, a gentlewoman named Ursula, and Margaret, Hero’s maid (the one who was in cahoots with Borachio) lured Beatrice into the garden. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – time change • Commas – introductory adverb (optional); noun series • Punctuation – parentheses or dashes needed to denote narrator clarification 12th Grade 93 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: in a few minutes the ladys arrived outside. when beatrice heard her friends voices she hid in the bracken Word of the Day bracken Definition, Synonym noun a large fern Example, Image, showing sentence Although the bracken is beautiful, it is poisonous to livestock. Word of the day: The word of the day is: bracken. Say the word with me: bracken. Caught ya! Key In a few minutes, the ladies arrived outside. When Beatrice heard her friends’ voices, she hid in the bracken. Grammar/punctuation rules: • Commas – introductory adverb (optional); introductory subordinate clause • Spelling – change the “y” to “I” and add suffix • Homophone – hear/herd • Apostrophe – plural possessive 12th Grade 94 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: as beatrice listened from her hiding place hero embroidered a tale about benedicks passion for beatrice. he is wasting away from his love for beatrice she avowed Word of the Day avow Definition, Synonym verb to affirm; to state that something is true. Example, Image, showing sentence The new mayor avowed that he would make the city safe and crime-free. Word of the day: The word of the day is: avow. Say the word with me: avow. Caught ya! Key As Beatrice listened from her hiding place, Hero embroidered a tale about Benedick’s passion for Beatrice. “He is wasting away from his love for Beatrice,” she avowed. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – new speaker • Commas – introductory subordinate clause; quote • Quotation marks – conversation • Apostrophe – possessive singular noun 12th Grade 95 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: [same speaker continues] benedick is consumed with sighs. he is so noble young and handsome. beatrice would make fun of him if she knew of his ardor hero continued occasionally glancing at the bracken beatrice was hiding behind Word of the Day ardor Definition, Synonym noun intense emotion; great passion; love Example, Image, showing sentence The groom smiled with ardor as his bride began her slow walk down the aisle. Word of the day: The word of the day is: ardor. Say the word with me: ardor. Caught ya! Key “Benedick is consumed with sighs. He is so noble, young, and handsome. Beatrice would make fun of him if she knew of his ardor,” Hero continued, occasionally glancing at the bracken behind which Beatrice was hiding. Grammar/punctuation rules: • No new paragraph – same speaker • Commas – adjective series; quote; participial phrase • Preposition placement – Avoid ending sentences with prepositions if at all possible. 12th Grade 96 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: hero and her ladies talked of how kind nature had been to benedick how fair were his features how witty he was how honest valorous and gentlemanly he was and how he really adored Beatrice. Word of the Day valorous Definition, Synonym adjective brave; having or showing courage, especially in war or battle Example, Image, showing sentence The valorous veteran received a Purple Heart medal because he was hurt trying to save his fellow troops. Word of the day: The word of the day is: valorous. Say the word with me: valorous. Caught ya! Key Hero and her ladies talked of how kind Nature had been to Benedick; how fair were his features; how witty he was; how honest, valorous, and gentlemanly he was; and how he really adored Beatrice. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – narrator • Commas – adjective series • Capitalization – “nature” needs capital “N” since it’s used as a person • Colons and Semicolons in list – Never put a colon after a verb; use semicolons lists where a lot of commas makes the meaning unclear. 12th Grade 97 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: hero and her ladys than exited the garden prattling about heros and claudios wedding a event that was scheduled to occur tomorrow Word of the Day Definition, Synonym Example, Image, showing sentence prattle, prattling Verb The toddler prattled for to talk in a silly, idle, or hours, although no one childish way understood what she was saying. Word of the day: The word of the day is: prattling. Say the word with me: prattling. Caught ya! Key Hero and her ladies then exited the garden, prattling about Hero’s and Claudio’s wedding, an event that was scheduled to occur the following day. Grammar/punctuation rules: • Commas – participial phrase as interrupter; appositive • Plural rule – Singular nouns ending with consonants followed by a “y” drop the “y” and add “ies” • Apostrophe – possessive singular nouns • Indefinite articles – Use of “an” with nouns that begin with a vowel or silent “h” as in “an hour” • Incorrect use of “tomorrow” in a story that takes place in the past tense 12th Grade 98 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: beatrice who should have known better had fallen for the ruse her friends clever cerebrums had devised. ah Benedick love on. I will return your love and my wild untamed heart will be tamed to your loving hand Word of the Day ruse cerebrum Definition, Synonym Noun a clever trick or plot used to deceive others noun the front of the brain where reasoning, learning, sensory perception, and emotional responses take place Example, Image, showing sentence Mary came up with a clever ruse to meet her boyfriend without her parents finding out. Because he was not wearing a seatbelt, he hit his head in the car accident and damaged his cerebrum. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: ruse. Say the word with me: ruse. The second word of the day is: cerebrum. Say the word with me: cerebrum. Caught ya! Key Beatrice, who should have known better, had fallen for the ruse her friends’ clever cerebrums had devised. “Ah Benedick, love on. I will return you love, and my wild, untamed heart will be tamed to your loving hand.” Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – new person speaking • Commas – adjective clause with a relative pronoun (“who”); interjection; direct address; compound sentence’ adjective series • Apostrophe –possessive plural noun 12th Grade 99 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: meanwhile benedick was really pining away for beatrice although he asserted that a toothache distressed him Word of the Day assert Definition, Synonym Verb to state something as being true Example, Image, showing sentence George asserted that he had never seen the suspect before. Word of the day: The word of the day is: assert. Say the word with me: assert. Caught ya! Key Meanwhile, Benedick really was pining away for Beatrice although he asserted that a toothache distressed him. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – place change • Commas – optional comma after introductory adverb; subordinate clause in the predicate needs the comma • Italics – emphasis • Avoid splitting verbs 12th Grade 100 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: benedicks friends taunted him about being in love. they were as roguish as him. if hero and margaret have done their parts with beatrice then the two bears will not bite one another when they meet observed claudio quietly to don pedro. Word of the Day roguish Definition, Synonym adjective dishonest or unscrupulous; mischievous Example, Image, showing sentence Despite his roguish behavior, women flocked to him. Word of the day: The word of the day is: roguish. Say the word with me: roguish. Caught ya! Key Benedick’s friends taunted him about being in love. They were as roguish as he. “If Hero and Margaret have done their parts with Beatrice, then the two bears will not bite one another when they meet,” observed Claudio quietly to Don Pedro. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph when Claudio speaks • Commas -- introductory subordinate clause; quote • Quotation marks – dialogue • Apostrophe – possessive singular noun • Pronouns – need nominative case “he” since the verb “is” has been implied (“as roguish as he is . . .) • Frequently confused words – “then” and “than” (“Then” is an adverb, and “than” is a conjunction used to compare.” 12th Grade 101 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: just as benedick summoned the courage to speak to leonato about his niece’ hand in marriage the malicious don john appeared with an insidious lie about poor innocent hero. Word of the Day insidious Definition, Synonym adjective slowly and subtly harmful or destructive Example, Image, showing sentence Cancer, an insidious disease, can often go undetected until it’s too late to effectively treat it. Word of the day: The word of the day is: insidious. Say the word with me: insidious. Caught ya! Key Just as Benedick summoned the courage to speak to Leonato about his niece’s hand in marriage, the malicious Don John appeared with an insidious lie about poor, innocent Hero. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – time change • Commas – introductory subordinate clause; two consecutive adjectives • Apostrophe – singular possessive 12th Grade 102 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: don john prevaricated i tell you shes unfaithful. if you dont believe me come tonight under her chamber window and you will see for yourself that no woman is more dishonest than her Word of Definition, Synonym the Day prevaricate verb to lie; to avoid giving a direct and honest answer or opinion, or a clear and truthful account of a situation, especially by quibbling or being deliberately ambiguous or misleading Example, Image, showing sentence Because he prevaricated often, he developed a reputation for being dishonest and untrustworthy. Word of the day: The word of the day is: prevaricate. Say the word with me: prevaricate. Caught ya! Key Don John prevaricated, “I tell you she’s unfaithful! If you don’t believe me, come tonight under her chamber window, and you will see for yourself that no woman is more dishonest than she.” Grammar/punctuation rules: • Commas – quote, introductory subordinate clause, compound/complex sentence • Apostrophes – contractions • Quotation marks -- dialogue 12th Grade 103 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: the distressed claudio accompanied con john to test his beloveds fidelity. what claudio thought he saw from his hiding place that night convinced him of her culpability however. The callow fool never even questioned don johns motives Word of the Day fidelity callow Definition, Synonym Example, Image, showing sentence noun loyalty; romantic faithfulness adjective young or immature; lacking the experience of life that comes with adulthood My parents have shown their fidelity to each other for over fifty years. The callow adolescent didn’t foresee the consequences of his behavior. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: fidelity. Say the word with me: fidelity. The next word of the day is: callow. Say the word with me: callow. Caught ya! Key The distressed Claudio accompanied Don John to test his beloved’s fidelity. What Claudio thought he saw from his hiding place that night convinced him of her culpability, however. The callow fool never even questioned Don John’s motives. Grammar/punctuation rules: • Apostrophes – singular possessives • Comma – conjunctive adverb • Noun phrase used as subject of sentence: “What Claudio thought he saw . . .” 12th Grade 104 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: the following day while hero teased her friend beatrice and innocently got ready for her wedding borachio and bonrade don johns evil henchmen celebrated the success of their nefarious plan. claudio had believed the lie and had mistaken margaret for his fiancé. Word of the Day nefarious Definition, Synonym adjective immoral or wicked, evil, disreputable Example, Image, showing sentence Hinkely’s nefarious plot to kill the president was unsuccessful. Word of the day: The word of the day is: nefarious. Say the word with me: nefarious. Caught ya! Key The following day, while Hero teased her friend Beatrice and innocently got ready for her wedding, Borachio and Conrade, Don John’s evil henchmen, celebrated the success of their nefarious plan. Claudio had believed the lie and had mistaken Margaret for his fiancé. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – time change • Commas – introductory adverbial phrase, subordinate adverbial clause, appositive phrase • Apostrophe – singular possessive 12th Grade 105 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: at the church the wedding ended before it began when the friar asked claudio do you come hear to marry this lady. no answered claudio simply and candidly. Word of the Day candidly Definition, Synonym adverb speaking honestly or directly in a way that people find either refreshing or distasteful Example, Image, showing sentence The candidate surprised the reports with a candid admission of her mistake. Word of the day: The word of the day is: candidly. Say the word with me: candidly. Caught ya! Key At the church, the wedding ended before it began when the friar asked Claudio, “Do you come here to marry this lady?” “No,” answered Claudio simply and candidly. Grammar/punctuation rules: • Two paragraphs – two speakers • Commas – introductory prepositional phrase, quotes, introductory word (“No”) • Punctuation – question mark • Homophone – hear/here 12th Grade 106 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: at that point all perdition broke loose claudio denounced hero. leonato take her back do not give this rotten orange to a friend she has not been faithful to me claudio expounded Word of the Day expound Definition, Synonym Example, Image, showing sentence verb to give a detailed description and explanation of a theory or viewpoint or an explanation After several hours, some of the jury members started to doze off when the expert witness continued to expound on seemingly meaningless details of the case. Word of the day: The word of the day is: expound. Say the word with me: expound. Caught ya! Key At that point, all perdition broke loose. Claudio denounced Hero. “Leonato, take her back! Do not give this rotten orange to a friend! She has not been faithful to me,” Claudio expounded. Grammar/punctuation rules: • Two paragraphs – narrator and Claudio speaking • Commas – optional comma after introductory adverb; direct address, quote • Run-on sentence – lack of punctuation 12th Grade 107 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: at first leonato was incredulous. his daughter never would be unfaithful. finally claudio don pedro and the incorrigible liar don john convinced him otherwise leonato thought bad of his own daughter. Word of the Day incredulous incorrigible Definition, Synonym adjective unable or unwilling to believe something or completely unconvinced by it adjective impossible or very difficult to correct or reform Example, Image, showing sentence Charlie was incredulous when he received his acceptance letter from Harvard. When it comes to play practical jokes, my cousin is incorrigible. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: incredulous. Say the word with me: incredulous. The next word of the day is: incorrigible. Say the word with me: incorrigible. Caught ya! Key At first Leonato was incredulous. His daughter never would be unfaithful. Finally Claudio, Don Pedro and the incorrigible liar, Don John, convinced him otherwise; Leonato thought badly of his own daughter. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – narrator • Commas – noun series, appositive • Semi-colon – use in compound sentence • Italics (or underline) use for emphasis • Adjective vs. Adverb – badly is adverb; bad is adjective 12th Grade 108 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: although hero protested her innocence none of the men accept the friar believed her. when her perturbed father wished to be dead rather than have such a dishonorable daughter hero swooned like she was dead and laid pale on the floor. Word of the Day swoon Definition, Synonym verb to feel faint; to be overwhelmed by happiness, excitement, adoration, or infatuation Example, Image, showing sentence The rock star was so handsome that women in the audience sometimes would swoon as he performed. Word of the day: The word of the day is: swoon. Say the word with me: swoon. Caught ya! Key Although Hero protested her innocence, none of the men except the friar believed her. When her perturbed father wished to be dead rather than have such a “dishonorable” daughter, Hero swooned as if she were dead and lay pale on the floor. Grammar/punctuation rules: • Commas – introductory subordinate clause of both sentences • Frequently confused words – accept/except • Quotation marks – denoting falsehood • Like vs. as • Irregular verbs – lie/lay/has lain/lying and lay/laid/has laid/laying 12th Grade 109 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: don john don pedro and claudio left the church thinking between themselves that hero had passed away instead of fainting from the shock at being found out in her apparent perfidy Word of the Day perfidy Definition, Synonym noun deliberate treachery Example, Image, showing sentence Jack was eventually prosecuted for his perfidy in selling government documents to foreign countries. Word of the day: The word of the day is: perfidy. Say the word with me: perfidy. Caught ya! Key Don John, Don Pedro, and Claudio left the church, thinking among themselves that Hero had passed away instead of fainting from the shock at being found out in her apparent perfidy. Grammar/punctuation rules: • Commas – noun series; participial phrase • Frequently confused prepositions – among/between 12th Grade 110 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: the friar whom was convinced of heros innocence prevailed upon leonato not to be so harsh with his daughter. the noble man of the cloth was certain that heros demeanor was that of an innocent who had been unjustly accused. Word of the Day Definition, Synonym prevail verb to prove to be stronger and in the position of greater influence and power demeanor noun somebody's behavior, manner, or appearance, especially as it reflects on character Example, Image, showing sentence Achilles prevailed over Hector in their face-off at Troy. Judging from her demeanor, I’d say Mary is very uncomfortable being here. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: prevail. Say the word with me: prevail. The next word of the day is: demeanor. Say the word with me: demeanor. Caught ya! Key The friar, who was convinced of Hero’s innocence, prevailed upon Leonato not to be so harsh with his daughter. The noble man of the cloth was certain that Hero’s demeanor was that of an innocent who had been unjustly accused. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – subject change • Commas – subordinate clause with relative pronoun • Relative pronoun – “who” needed as nominative in both cases 12th Grade 111 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: the sage friar suggested lets let it be known that hero died. lets mourn and lament. keep hero hidden in youre house and let noone know that she lives. to hero he said come die lady to live. have patience. your wedding day is but postponed Word of the Day lament Definition, Synonym verb to express grief or sorrow about something Example, Image, showing sentence John lamented his decision to withdraw from college when his friends with degrees secured better jobs than he did. Word of the day: The word of the day is: lament. Say the word with me: lament. Caught ya! Key The sage friar suggested, “Let’s let it be known that Hero died. Let’s mourn and lament. Keep Hero hidden in your house and let no one know that she lives.” To Hero he said, “Come die, lady, to live. Have patience. Your wedding day is but postponed.” Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – speaker • Commas – quotes, direct address • Quotation marks – dialogue • Apostrophes – contractions • Homophone – your/you’re • Commonly misspelled word – no one is two words 12th Grade 112 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: beatrice and benedick were left alone in the church. there former animosity gone they avowed there love for each other. come ask me to do anything for you my love offered benedick. kill claudio beatrice succinctly replied Word of the Day Definition, Synonym Example, Image, showing sentence If progress is to be made, members of political parties need lay aside their feelings of animosity and work together. animosity noun a feeling or spirit of hostility and resentment succinctly adverb expressed with brevity The coach succinctly laid out and clarity, with no wasted the game plan and then headed words out onto the football field. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: animosity. Say the word with me: animosity. The next word of the day is: succinctly. Say the word with me: succinctly. Caught ya! Key Beatrice and Benedick were left alone in the church. Their former animosity gone, they avowed their love for each other. “Come, ask me to do anything for you, my love,” offered Benedick. “Kill Claudio!” Beatrice succinctly replied. Grammar/punctuation rules: • Three new paragraphs – narrator then dialogue • Commas -- introductory phrase; two commands together with no coordinating conjunction; direct address; quote • Homophone -- there/their/they’re • Exclamation point -- to indicate passion of statement 12th Grade 113 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: i will challenge him i will kiss your hand and than I will leave you i promise that claudio will atone for his repudiation of your cousin benedick promised. Word of the Day atone repudiation Definition, Synonym Example, Image, showing sentence verb to make reparation for a sin or a mistake noun Formal and strong disapproval and renouncement of any connection with something Nothing the murderer could say to the victim’s family would atone for his crime. The governor issued a formal letter of repudiation reprimanding the district attorney for his poor decisions. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: atone. Say the word with me: atone. The next word of the day is: repudiation. Say the word with me: repudiation. Caught ya! Key “I will challenge him. I will kiss your hand, and then I will leave you. I promise that Claudio will atone for his repudiation of your cousin,” Benedick promised. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – dialogue continued • Commas – compound sentence; quote • Run-on sentence – lack of punctuation • Frequently confused words – than/ then 12th Grade 114 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: fortunately, the friars counterplot worked. everyone believed that hero had “died of shame.” in the meantime the local watchmen had overheard borachio and conrade confess to having slandered hero and thus arrested the villains for treachery. Word of the Day slander Definition, Synonym Example, Image, showing sentence verb saying something false or malicious that damages somebody's reputation The movie star successfully sued the tabloid paper for slandering her good name by printing an article that defamed her character. Word of the day: The word of the day is: slander. Say the word with me: slander. Caught ya! Key Fortunately, the friar’s counterplot worked. Everyone believed that Hero had “died of shame.” In the meantime, the local watchmen had overheard Borachio and Conrade confess to having slandered Hero and thus arrested the villains for treachery. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – new subject • Commas – Introductory word and adverbial phrase • Quotation marks denoting falsehood 12th Grade 115 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: benedick was choleric because he believed that claudio with his impulsive and public rejection of Hero had disrespected for the lady. you have killed a very sweet lady and her death shall be on your conscience he lied. Word of the Day choleric Definition, Synonym adjective showing or tending to show anger or irritation Example, Image, showing sentence Bob’s choleric temperament interferes with his performance on the job and has cost him more than one promotion. Word of the day: The word of the day is: choleric. Say the word with me: choleric. Caught ya! Key Benedick was choleric because he believed that Claudio, with his impulsive and public rejection of Hero, had shown disrespect for the lady. “You have killed a very sweet lady, and her death shall be on your conscience,” he lied. Grammar/punctuation rules: • Paragraphing -- Continuation of previous paragraph; new paragraph for speaker • Commas -- adjective phrase; compound sentence; quote • Quotation marks – dialogue • Confused part of speech – “disrespect” is a noun not a verb in standard English 12th Grade 116 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: the watchmen forced borachio to confess to don pedro of how don pedros own half brother don john provoked him to slander lady hero Word of the Day provoke Definition, Synonym Example, Image, showing sentence verb to bring something about intentionally; to serve as the stimulus for an activity The new novel should provoke a great deal of discussion. Word of the day: The word of the day is: provoke. Say the word with me: provoke. Caught ya! Key The watchmen forced Borachio to confess to Don Pedro of how Don Pedro’s own half-brother, Don John, provoked him to slander Lady Hero. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – shift back to narrator • Commas – appositive • Apostrophe – singular possessive • Hyphen – two words acting as one 12th Grade 117 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: needless to say don pedro was shocked. claudio was wracked with a plethora of guilt for not believing hero. leonato blamed claudio for his daughters death and offered him an opportunity to make amends by excepting his niece as a bride. claudio stunned agreed. Word of the Day wracked Definition, Synonym verb to suffer great mental or physical pain Example, Image, showing sentence Bill was wracked with pain over the end of his longtime relationship with Sally. Word of the day: The word of the day is: wracked. Say the word with me: wracked. Caught ya! Key Needless to say, Don Pedro was shocked. Claudio was wracked with a plethora of guilt for not believing Hero. Leonato blamed Claudio for his daughter’s “death” and offered him an opportunity to make amends by accepting his “niece” as a bride. Claudio, stunned, agreed. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – subject change • Commas – introductory phrase; participle • Apostrophe – singular possessive • Quotation marks – denoting falsehood • Frequently confused words – accept/except 12th Grade 118 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: later at the church claudio and don pedro paid there respects at heros tomb. claudio lay flowers read a poem and promised to return each year to pay homage to the woman whom he had defamed. Word of the Day homage defame Definition, Synonym Example, Image, showing sentence noun a show of reverence and respect toward somebody verb to attack somebody or somebody's reputation, character, or good name by making slanderous or libelous statements Cheering citizens lined the streets of London and threw flowers in homage to Queen Elizabeth. False accusations by unscrupulous men have defamed the reputations of many fair ladies. Words of the day: The first word of the day is: homage. Say the word with me: homage. The next word of the day is: defame. Say the word with me: defame. Caught ya! Key Later, at the church, Claudio and Don Pedro paid their respects at Hero’s “tomb.” Claudio laid flowers, read a poem, and promised to return each year to pay homage to the woman whom he had defamed. Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – time change • Commas – introductory adverbs in first sentence; verb series • Homophone – there/their/they’re • Irregular verbs – lie/lay/has lain/lying and lay/laid/has laid/laying • Apostrophe – singular possessive • Quotation marks – denoting falsehood • Relative pronoun – objective case (“whom”) must be used 12th Grade 119 Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up Caught ya!: that same day at the designated hour leonato arrived at the church with two shrouded ladies. who was the unknown niece. would claudio keep his promise. was one of the masked ladies hero. did hero still want the fickle claudio. will beatrice and benedick get together at last. will don john get his just deserts. you will have to see shakespeares much ado about nothing to find out the end of this tail of love and trickery Word of the Day shroud Definition, Synonym verb to cover or conceal somebody or something Example, Image, showing sentence The ship was shrouded in clouds of steam and gray smoke. Word of the day: The word of the day is: shrouded. Say the word with me: shrouded. Caught ya! Key That same day, at the designated hour, Leonato arrived at the church with two shrouded ladies. Who was the unknown niece? Would Claudio keep his promise? Was one of the masked ladies Hero? Did Hero still want the fickle Claudio? Will Beatrice and Benedick get together at last? Will Don John get his just deserts? You will have to see Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing to find out the end of this tale of love and trickery! Grammar/punctuation rules: • New paragraph – shift of time and place • Commas – long introductory adverb; prepositional phrase • Question marks • Names of plays in italics • Apostrophe – singular possessive • Homophone – tail/tale