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The Metrical Foot 1. Dominant used Metrical Foot breve (U) and ictus (/) iamb – a foot made up of a unstressed and a stressed syllable; most dominant foot in English speech (impart and allure) anapest – a foot made up of 2 unstressed and a stressed syllable (understand and va-va voom) iambs and anapests are examples of rising meter since they end with stressed syllables trochee – stressed and unstressed syllables (fifty and lovely) dactyl – one stressed followed by two unstressed syllables (telephone and merrily) falling meter since they end with unstressed syllables spondees — stressed/stressed pyrrhics — unstressed/unstressed 2. Number of Feet in the Line (see Glossary): iambic tetrameter, iambic pentameter, iambic hexameter (or an Alexandrine) Other Important terms when scanning a line for meter end-stopped run-on lines (enjambment) caesura 2. Rhyme Scheme end-rhyme English sonnet: abab cdcd efef gg Italian sonnet: abbaabba cdcdcd or cdecde Ballad stanza: abcb (or abab) Ottava Rima: abababcc masculine rhyme feminine rhyme or “double rhyme” internal rhyme (womb-tomb) forced rhyme (eye-symmetry) eye rhymes (prove-love) imperfect rhyme (also known as slant rhyme or near rhyme) (lids-lads) blank verse (see an example of heroic couplet and blank verse) 3. Stanza (see Glossary) couplet tercet quatrain 4. General Sound Devices alliteration – repetition of the initial consonant sound; can also occur at the beginning of a stressed syllable assonance – repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, especially in stressed syllables, in a sequence of nearby words. consonance – repetition of a sequence of two or more consonants, but with a change in the intervening vowel: flush/flash, live/love, lean-alone, hearer-horror (sometimes the same thing as imperfect rhyme, as in the Housman poem, “lad/laid” where it links two stanzas) euphony – language which strikes the ear as smooth, pleasant, and musical cacophony – language which seems harsh, rough and unmusical onomatopoeia a word or a sequence of words whose sound resembles that it denotes: i.e. “buzz,” “hiss” can also mean more generally some poetry’s aim to correspond to, or to strongly suggest, what they denote Rhetorical Figures anaphora chiasmus zeugma