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Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I Guided Reading Activity World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914–1920 Lesson 1: The United States Enters World War I Review Questions: Using Headings and Subheadings DIRECTIONS: Locate each heading below in your textbook. Then use the information under the correct heading and subheading to help you write each answer. I. World War I Begins 1. What nations formed the Triple Alliance? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What European nations formed the Triple Entente? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What is militarism? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Powered by Cognero Page 1 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I 4. What caused a rise in tensions between European nations? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. What triggered the war in Europe? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 6. Who were the Allies and who were the Central Powers? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ II. The United States Declares War 7. Why did many Americans support the British? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Powered by Cognero Page 2 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I 8. Which side did American businesses support? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 9. When and why did the Germans announce they would sink any ship found near Britain’s coast? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 10. Why did a German U-boat sink the passenger ship Lusitania? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 11. Why did Germany promise to stop sinking merchant ships without warning? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Powered by Cognero Page 3 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I 12. What events caused the United States to declare war? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Summary and Reflection DIRECTIONS: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below. 13. What factors contributed to World War I? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Guided Reading Activity World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914–1920 Lesson 2 The Home Front Review Questions: Outlining DIRECTIONS: Read the lesson and complete the outline below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks. When a question has more than one blank, separate each answer with a comma and a space. (Example: guided, activity) I. Organizing the Economy 14. The most important new agency created by Congress was the ___________ for the purpose of ___________________________________________________. Powered by Cognero Page 4 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I 15. The Food Administration increased the country’s ____________________ and the Fuel Administration managed ________________________. 16. Two ways the country paid for the war were by raising _________________ and selling ___________. 17. With many white men in the military, industries turned to other segments of the population for workers, such as __________, _________________, and ___________________. 18. Two laws that limited citizens’ liberties were the _______________________ and the ___________________. II. Building the Military 19. A system called _________________ was created by Congress to register men for the draft. 20. Not all U.S. soldiers were drafted; approximately 2 million were ___________. Powered by Cognero Page 5 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I 21. Many African American soldiers fought with distinction in _______________ units. 22. For the first time, __________ served in the armed forces, although only in noncombat roles. 23. Many _______________ also served in the war—volunteering for service more than any other minority group in the United States. Summary and Reflection DIRECTIONS: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below. 24. What was life like on the home front for women and minorities? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Powered by Cognero Page 6 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I Guided Reading Activity World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914–1920 Lesson 3: A Bloody Conflict Review Questions: Identifying Supporting Details DIRECTIONS: Read each main idea. Use your textbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea. When a question has more than one blank, separate each answer with a comma and a space. (Example: guided, activity) A. Main Idea: Powerful weapons devastated the European landscape and caused millions to lose their lives. 25. Detail: In 1914 warfare had changed with the use of powerful _________ guns. 26. Detail: To protect themselves from artillery fire, the troops ______________. 27. Detail: To break through enemy lines, the Germans used _______________ and the British used _____________. 28. Detail: World War I marked the first time ____________ and __________ were used in combat. Powered by Cognero Page 7 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I B. Main Idea: When the Americans entered into World War I, many Germans believed the war was lost. 29. Detail: The use of _________ at sea greatly reduced shipping losses and saved lives. 30. Detail: When Lenin took power in Russia, his first act was to ___________________. This allowed Germany to _____________________________. 31. Detail: A massive U.S. attack led by ____________ near the Argonne Forest pushed the Germans back. 32. Detail: World War I ended when the German government signed an ___________ on November 11, 1918. C. Main Idea: The peace treaty that officially ended World War I was called the Treaty of Versailles. 33. Detail: The peace plan after World War I presented by Wilson was called ______________. It called for the creation of a ____________________ and _________________ instead of secret agreements. Powered by Cognero Page 8 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I 34. Detail: The Treaty of Versailles punished Germany, demanding that it pay ___________ of $33 billion. It also reduced Germany’s _____________ and _____________ it for the war. 35. Detail: The Senate _____________ to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and so the United States did not join the ____________________________. Summary and Reflection DIRECTIONS: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below. 36. How did World War I change the world? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Powered by Cognero Page 9 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I Guided Reading Activity World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914–1920 Lesson 4: The War’s Impact Review Questions: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How statements DIRECTIONS: Read each main idea and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers. Main Idea: With the war over, the United States faced economic problems such as inflation and unemployment. 37. What increased the cost of living after the war? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 38. Why did business leaders want to break the power of the unions? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 39. How was the Seattle General Strike different from other strikes of the time? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Powered by Cognero Page 10 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I 40. Why was the Boston Police Strike important? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 41. How did the steel strike affect the steelworkers’ union? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 42. What circumstances contributed to the race riots of 1919? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Main Idea: The number of strikes in 1919 caused Americans to fear a Communist revolution in the United States. 43. What was the Red Scare? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Powered by Cognero Page 11 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I 44. How did violence add to the climate of fear? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 45. What were the Palmer raids? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 46. Who was the Republican candidate who won the election of 1920? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Powered by Cognero Page 12 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I Summary and Reflection DIRECTIONS: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below. 47. What conditions were present in the United States after World War I? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Powered by Cognero Page 13 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I Answer Key 1. Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary 2. Russia, France, Britain 3. the strong buildup of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations 4. Nationalism became popular and fostered competition. Also, national groups within empires wanted independence. 5. In 1914 the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated. 6. The Triple Entente became known as the Allies and the Triple Alliance became known as the Central Powers. 7. They thought that an Allied victory was the only way to preserve an international balance of power. 8. Businesses supported the Allies because they had business in Britain. 9. Germany made the announcement in February of 1915 in response to a British blockade of German ports. 10. The Lusitania entered the war zone. When it sank, 1,200 people, including 128 Americans, died. 11. Germany did not want the United States to enter the war and strengthen the Allies. 12. The Zimmermann Telegram promised Mexico it would get back U.S. territory it lost in the Southwest. Also, German U-boats began to sink American ships. 13. Answers will vary, but students should understand that alliances between European nations led to increased competition, militarism, and the buildup of their armed forces. Also, there was a surge in nationalism within the different nations and those that were part of an empire wanted independence. Conditions were suitable for a trigger, the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. 14. War Industries Board, coordinating the production of war materials 15. food production, the use of coal and oil 16. taxes, bonds 17. women, African Americans, Mexican Americans 18. Espionage Act, Sedition Act 19. Selective Service 20. volunteers 21. segregated 22. women 23. Mexican Americans Powered by Cognero Page 14 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I 24. Answers will vary, but students should indicate that on the home front, many families, white and African American, grew their own victory gardens. In addition, there were heatless Mondays to conserve energy. Daylight savings time and shortened workweeks for some laborers were introduced. Women and African Americans took many jobs vacated by men in the service. Over 300,000 African Americans moved to Northern cities, and over 100,000 Mexicans migrated to the Southwest and large cities. 25. artillery 26. dug trenches 27. poison gas, armored tanks 28. zeppelins, airplanes 29. convoys 30. pull Russia out of the war, concentrate troops in the west 31. French marshal Ferdinand Foch 32. armistice 33. the Fourteen Points, League of Nations, Open Diplomacy 34. reparations, armed forces, blamed 35. refused, League of Nations 36. Students’ answers will vary but may include the following: World War I was the most devastating war because of the use of new and deadlier weapons. The airplane was used in combat. After the war, new nations were created. The Treaty of Versailles punished Germany’s economy. A League of Nations was formed. 37. rapid inflation 38. Membership in unions had grown; they were better organized and more capable of striking. 39. It was very serious because it involved all the workers in the community, and it paralyzed the city. 40. About 75 percent of the Boston police force walked off the job, causing riots and looting. The governor called the National Guard and upheld the firing of the striking policemen. 41. The strike failed and the union cause in the steel industry was set back for more than a decade. 42. Economics conditions were difficult, causing many Americans to be laid off. Returning soldiers had difficulty finding jobs and affordable housing. Many blamed African Americans who moved north for jobs during the war. 43. This was a nationwide panic that Communists could seize power in the United States. 44. Homemade bombs were sent to prominent Americans and riots occurred. Powered by Cognero Page 15 Name: Class: Date: World War I and its Aftermath: Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The United States Enters World War I 45. The attorney general raided offices of immigrant unions and radical organizations because of the Red Scare. 46. Warren G. Harding 47. Answers will vary but should include: By 1919 there were economic problems such as inflation, very few jobs, and thousands of strikes due to labor unrest. Because many African Americans took over jobs vacated by white servicemen, racial tensions were high. Also, Americans felt threatened by communism. Powered by Cognero Page 16