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ECHINODERMS SPINY-SKINNED Hey Patrick Star! Who me? Are you an Echinoderm? A what? An Echinoderm! Uh, I dunno, maybe! BASIC CHARACTERISTICS • ALL ARE MARINE SPECIES ALL LIVE IN SALT WATER • HAVE RADIAL SYMMETRY • SKELETON MADE OF SPINES & PLATES MADE OF CALCIUM CARBONATE COVERED BY A LAYER OF SKIN BASIC CHARACTERISTICS • ABORAL SURFACE = TOP SURFACE • ORAL SURFACE = UNDERNEATH (WHERE MOUTH & TUBE FEET ARE FOUND) • BODY CAVITY IS FILLED WITH SEA WATER • INTERNAL ORGANS & BODY PARTS ARE DIVIDED INTO FIVE SECTIONS BASIC CHARACTERISTICS • PEDICELLARIA - SMALL PINCERS THAT KEEP GILLS FREE OF DEBRIS & CAN BE USED IN DEFENSE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-d5opK8jNLE • ABSORB OXYGEN THROUGH TUBE FEET OR FROM THEIR GILLS • CAN REGENERATE BODY PARTS WATER VASCULAR SYSTEM MADREPORITE STONE CANAL RING CANAL TUBE FEET AMPULLAE RADIAL CANAL WATER VASCULAR SYSTEM WATER IS TAKEN IN BY THE MADREPORITE. WATER GOES INTO THE STONE CANAL AND THE RING CANAL. THEN FILLS THE RADIAL CANAL IN EACH ARM. WATER THEN ENTERS EACH AMPULLAE AND THEN FILLS EACH TUBE FOOT. BY CONTROLLING THE WATER PRESSURE THESE ANIMALS CAN MOVE & USE SUCTION TO HOLD ONTO OBJECTS Echinoderm intro 2:15 SEA STARS STOMACH & MOUTH IN CENTRAL DISK EXTEND STOMACH OUT OF BODY TO FEED EXTERNALLY DIGEST FOOD & THEN ABSORB NUTRIENTS DIGESTIVE GLANDS & GONADS IN EACH ARM HAVE EYE SPOTS AT TIP OF ARMS SKELETAL PLATES ARE NOT FUSED THIS ALLOWS FLEXIBILITY SEA STAR STOMACH STOMACH http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6dnmLDu6Eg NORTHERN SEA STARS BAT STAR CUSHION STAR DAWSON’S SEA STAR SUNFLOWER STAR CROWN OF THORNS SEA STAR BRITTLE STARS NOCTURNAL–ACTIVE AT NIGHT FILTER FEED ON PLANKTON SCAVENGERS: EAT ANYTHING EDIBLE RAPID CRAWLERS–USE ARMS FOR LOCOMOTION ARMS BREAK OFF WHEN THREATENED OR HELD DAISY BRITTLE STAR BURROWING BRITTLE STAR SPONGE BRITTLE STAR SPONGE BRITTLE STAR FEATHER STARS MOUTH FACES UPWARDS NOCTURNAL FILTER FEEDERS TUBE FEET ON ARMS TRAP PLANKTON AND TRANSPORT FOOD TO THE MOUTH CIRRUS “LEGS” ARE USED TO CRAWL AND HOLD TO ROCKS FEATHER STAR GOLDEN FEATHER STAR YELLOW FEATHER STAR BLUE FEATHER STAR Crinoid clip 0:45 SEA URCHINS ROUND SHELL - NO ARMS SKELETAL PLATES ARE FUSED – CAN NOT BEND LONG SPINES ARE MOVABLE & ARE USED FOR PROTECTION & TO WEDGE INTO ROCK CREVICES FOR SECURITY HERBIVORES – EAT ALGAE & SEAWEEDS SEA URCHIN CROSS SECTION SEA URCHIN MOUTH TEETH ATLANTIC SEA URCHIN PURPLE SEA URCHIN GREEN SEA URCHIN RED SEA URCHIN VARIEGATED SEA URCHIN LONG-SPINED SEA URCHIN sea urchin harvest 1:00 Fire urchin clip 2:00 SAND DOLLARS FLAT VERSION OF SEA URCHINS TINY BLUNT SPINES SKELETAL PLATES FUSED BURROW INTO SAND/MUD FEED ON PLANKTON & DETRITUS “PETALS” ARE AREAS OF GILLS KEYHOLE URCHIN SAND DOLLAR SAND DOLLARS SEA CUCUMBERS SOFT BODIED - NO HARD SKELETON 5 ROWS OF TUBE FEET SPINES SCATTERED IN THICK SKIN FEEDING TENTACLES ARE BIG TUBE FEET SPINES TENTACLES ANUS TUBE FEET SEA CUCUMBERS THE “CLASSY” ECHINODERM FEED ON SEDIMENT (EAT DIRT) WHICH CONTAINS BACTERIA, ALGAE, DETRITUS TAKE IN WATER THROUGH THE ANUS FOR RESPIRATION EVISCERATION – THE TALENT OF EXCRETING A SET OF ORGANS TO OFFER PREDATORS WHILE YOU ESCAPE & REGENERATE THEM THE PEARL FISH - A “COZY” COMPANION WHO LIVES IN THE BODY VIA THE ANUS SEA CUCUMBER CROSS SECTION SEA CUCUMBER FEEDING TENTACLES DONKEY DUNG SEA CUCUMBER CONICAL SEA CUCUMBER THREE-ROWED SEA CUCUMBER ORANGE-FOOTED SEA CUCUMBER RED SEA CUCUMBER PEARL FISH & THEIR UNSUSPECTING HOSTS Sea cucumber 1:25