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1. Spectroscope- used to study star’s characteristics by spreading light into different wavelengths 2. Nuclear fusion- nuclei of several atoms combine to form on large nucleus 3. astronomical unit- average distance between Earth and Sun (150 million km) 4. light year- distance light travels in 1 year 5. apparent magnitude- measure of how bright the object appears from Earth 6. luminosity7. Star- large ball of gas held together by gravity 8. Radiative zone- shell of cooler, dense hydrogen above a star’s core 9. convection zone- where hot gas rises toward the surface and cooler gas sinks in to the interior 10.photosphere- apparent surface of a star 11.chromosphere- orange-red layer above the photosphere 12.corona- wide outermost layer of a star’s atmosphere 13.Hertzsprung Russell diagram- is a graph that plots luminosity v temperature of stars