Download CELLS 219Q

TEST NAME: CELLS
TEST ID: 194751
GRADE: 08
SUBJECT: Life and Physical Sciences
TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom
CELLS
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Student: Class:
Date:
1. Devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) is a disease that is decimating the population of Tasmanian devils. The
disease passes from one animal to another through bites and is caused by parasites. The parasites cause
cancerous tumors that spread throughout an infected animal's body and kill it. What is the best description
of DFTD?
A.
a non­infectious, cell­cycle disease
B.
an infectious, cell­cycle disease
C.
a non­infectious, chronic disease
D.
an infectious, chronic disease
2.
How can a pandemic be prevented?
A.
by monitoring exposed humans and animals
B.
by better food preparation practices
C.
by strict nutritional requirements 3.
Which would most likely be spread as a pandemic infection?
A.
common cold
B.
smallpox
C.
rabies
4.
Which describes a way scientists use biotechnology in the field of
agriculture?
A.
Bacteria is used to clean up oil spills.
B.
Criminals are linked to cases by their DNA.
C.
Vaccines for infectious diseases are created.
D.
Food crops are manipulated to be more nutritious.
5.
How do viruses cause disease?
A.
by secreting toxins
B.
by producing excess waste
C.
by damaging or killing cells
D.
by competing with healthy cells for nutrients
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6.
Which disease can be treated by doses of medicine made from the
fungus, Penicillum?
A.
asthma
B.
diabetes
C.
chicken pox
D.
strep throat
7.
Which is the vector for malaria?
A.
fly
B.
bacteria
C.
mosquito
8.
Which statement best describes fungi?
A.
All fungi are scavengers.
B.
All fungi are multicellular.
C.
All fungi are producers.
9. What characteristic of viruses distinguishes them from cells?
A.
They do not have hereditary material.
B.
They are not separated from their environments.
C.
They lack an independent metabolism.
D.
Their traits do not evolve in response to selection pressures.
10.
Which area of biotechnology would most likely create ethical issues
within human society?
A.
insulin production by bacteria
B.
organ cloning for use in transplants
C.
genetic engineering to improve agricultural yields
D.
DNA and forensic testing of crime scene evidence
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11.
Which is a distinguishing characteristic describing most parasitic
diseases?
A.
They are often carried by insects or protozoa.
B.
They are usually harmless diseases and seldom fatal.
C.
They are most often experienced in very dry climates.
D.
They are most often experienced in very wet climates.
12. HIV is a retrovirus. Which sequence does it use as part of its reproductive cycle?
A.
RNA → DNA → RNA → protein
B.
protein → DNA → RNA → DNA
C.
DNA → RNA → DNA → protein
D.
RNA → protein → RNA → DNA
13.
What is most unique about E. coli?
A.
It is a bacteria that causes illness in humans.
B.
It is a bacteria that has caused outbreaks through contaminated
food.
C.
It is harmless in animals’ intestines, but if ingested may cause
illness.
14.
What parasite is most often responsible for the spread of Lyme disease?
A.
amoeba
B.
crane fly
C.
deer tick
D.
mosquito
15.
Which career field is most closely related to biotechnology?
A.
medicine
B.
journalism
C.
meteorology
D.
political science
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16. What virus structure is similar in function to a cell membrane?
A.
protein shell
B.
internal protein
C.
tail sheath
D.
end plate
17. Which factor will most likely cause a person to develop a fever?
A.
a leg muscle relaxing after exercise
B.
a bacterial population in the bloodstream
C.
several viral particles on the skin
D.
carbohydrates being digested in the stomach
18.
Which is the most useful change made to crops using applications of
biotechnology?
A.
Crops use more nutrients.
B.
Crops need more fertilizer.
C.
Crops resist more diseases.
D.
Crops take more time to grow.
19. Which a molecular process found only in retroviruses?
A.
reverse translation
B.
translation
C.
reverse transcription
D.
transcription
20.
Which characteristic do all microbes share?
A.
They are all microscopic in size.
B.
They all need oxygen to survive.
C.
They all exist in similar conditions.
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21.
Which is true regarding bacterial and viral infections?
A.
Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, while viral infections
can be prevented through use of vaccines.
B.
Viral infections are treated with vaccines, while bacterial infections
are prevented through use of antibiotics.
C.
Viral infections are treated with antibiotics, while bacterial infections
are treated with vaccines.
D.
Both viral infections and bacterial infections are treated with
vaccines.
22. The symptoms of strep throat infection are a red and swollen throat. What is the most likely cause of strep
throat?
A.
eating raw vegetables
B.
drinking lemonade
C.
invading bacteria
D.
running in cold weather
23.
Which is the main risk associated with being a disease carrier?
A.
A carrier can unknowingly spread the disease to others.
B.
A person is more difficult to cure if he or she is a carrier.
C.
A person is more likely to die once he or she becomes a carrier.
D.
A carrier can use up all the available medicine in a local area.
24.
Which person would benefit most from biotechnology?
A.
a cook
B.
a farmer
C.
an architect
D.
an automobile engineer
25.
Which would be the most successful way to make antibiotics that
prevent microbial infections?
A.
Accurately identify the specific source of infections.
B.
Use antibacterial hand soaps and cleaners on a regular basis.
C.
Reduce the number of prescriptions written for children under the age
of two.
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26.
Which are most closely related to biotechnology?
A.
medicine and agriculture
B.
construction and engineering
C.
water treatment and electricity generation
D.
communication and information technology
27.
Which situation would most favor the spread of infectious disease?
A.
overcrowding
B.
use of vaccines
C.
small population
D.
sanitary conditions
28.
On Monday, Kari exhibits no symptoms of a viral illness. She is sick on
Tuesday and stays home from school. On Wednesday, her friends stay
home with the same illness, despite having no contact with Kari when
she was sick on Tuesday. Which is the most likely explanation of how
the other students became sick?
A.
Kari was immune to the virus but infected the other students.
B.
The virus mutated and infected the other students after Kari got sick.
C.
Kari was infected with the virus before she experienced any
symptoms.
D.
The virus was a carrier, and the other students were infected after
Kari got sick.
29.
Which characteristic makes bacteria suitable for scientific research of
disease?
A.
They are multicellular.
B.
They reproduce rapidly.
C.
They keep virus populations under control.
D.
They grow in four stages allowing growth control.
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30.
Which best explains the purpose of the research on drug­resistant
microbes?
A.
to find all drug­resistant microbes
B.
to lower the number of drug­resistant microbes
C.
to maintain the number of drug­resistant microbes
31.
Bacteria cells can be used to produce insulin for the treatment of
diabetes in humans. Which best explains how the bacteria cells are able
to produce insulin for humans?
A.
The bacteria have been grown on a petri dish containing insulin.
B.
The bacteria have been genetically engineered to contain the DNA
needed to produce insulin.
C.
The bacteria have been exposed to radioactivity to create mutant
strains capable of producing insulin.
D.
The bacteria have been grown on a petri dish containing sugar; the
bacteria produce insulin in response to the sugar.
32.
How could a hospital best handle a case of a person infected with an
antibiotic­resistant disease?
A.
isolate the person
B.
send the person home
C.
give the person more antibiotics
D.
move the person to intensive care
33.
Which would be least effective in treating an illness caused by a virus?
A.
drinking plenty of fluids
B.
widespread vaccinations
C.
getting extra rest and sleep
D.
daily treatment with antibiotics
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34.
Which best contrasts a bacterium and a virus?
A.
A bacterium can reproduce, whereas a virus will not reproduce.
B.
A bacterium does not live in living things, whereas a virus does.
C.
A bacterium is a one­celled living organism, whereas a virus is a
nonliving organism.
35.
Which best explains why antibiotics are ineffective in treating viral
infections?
A.
Viruses destroy the antibiotic.
B.
Antibiotics only kill living cells.
C.
Antibiotics increase the rate of viral growth.
D.
Viruses escape antibiotics by hiding in cells.
36.
Which leads to the conclusion that strep throat is a bacterial infection? A.
Strep throat is treated with vaccines.
B.
Strep throat is treated with antibiotics.
C.
A strep infection will go away without being treated.
D.
A person who has strep throat can never have it again.
37.
Which explains why a fungus attaches to a host?
A.
The fungus provides hydration to the host.
B.
The fungus acquires nutrients from the host.
C.
The fungus injects the host with a toxin when it attaches.
D.
The fungus cannot survive without another living organism.
38.
Which would a person who pursues a career in bioinformatics study?
A.
ways DNA stores information
B.
ways of cross­breeding plants
C.
ways of cross­breeding animals
D.
ways of storing and retrieving biological data
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39. Infectious diseases can be passed from organism to organism by all of the following except
A.
insect bites.
B.
contaminated food.
C.
genetically from parents.
D.
pathogens in the air.
40.
How can biotechnology affect agriculture on a single plot of land?
A.
The land could produce more food than before.
B.
The land could produce several harvests at once.
C.
The land could require more fertilizer for crops to grow.
D.
The land could require moderate temperatures for crops to grow.
41.
Plasmodium is a protozoan that carries malaria. Which organism is known
to carry this protozoan?
A.
mosquito
B.
flea
C.
tick
42.
Which has made the possibility of an epidemic becoming a pandemic
much more likely in the 20th century?
A.
increased deforestation
B.
increased global travel
C.
increased vaccinations
D.
increased air pollution
43.
Which will most likely lead to a disease outbreak being classified as a
pandemic?
A.
A disease is contagious.
B.
A disease originates in animals.
C.
A disease affects more people than expected.
D.
A disease spreads through humans across multiple continents.
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44.
Why is the prevention of epidemics usually easier than the prevention of
a pandemic?
A.
The diseases in an epidemic are less severe than in a pandemic.
B.
Diseases causing pandemics are more contagious than diseases in an
epidemic.
C.
Affected individuals in epidemics are usually more concentrated in
one area than in pandemics.
45.
West Nile Horse Virus Disease is a mosquito­borne viral disease. The
graph shows cases in horses since 2002.
Which factor most likely has the greatest impact on the number of cases
of West Nile Horse Virus Disease today compared to past years?
A.
the number of horses in an area
B.
a vaccine available to protect horses
C.
knowledge about mosquito­breeding sites
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46.
Given favorable conditions, which disease­causing agent could quickly
multiply into colonies of billions of cells in the space of a drop of water?
A.
bacteria
B.
fungi
C.
protists
D.
viruses
47.
The Black Plague killed about 100 million people in the fourteenth
century. The bacteria that caused the plague was carried by fleas on rats
and traveled great distances. Which would have most directly limited the
spread of the disease?
A.
cleaner water sources
B.
refrigeration of food and water
C.
reduction in the rodent population
D.
better medicines to treat infected individuals
48. The discovery of penicillin helped in the
A.
treatment of infections.
B.
healing of bones.
C.
discovery of viruses.
D.
search for diseases.
49. Which of these is most likely to be spread when two people drink from the same water bottle?
A.
asthma
B.
malaria
C.
strep throat
D.
hay fever
50.
Which helps humans to resist an infectious disease?
A.
heredity
B.
immunity
C.
pathogens
51. Which is most likely a direct cause of an ear infection?
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A.
loud noises
B.
foreign bacteria
C.
wearing tight hats
D.
dirty ear canals
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52.
Which microorganism could trigger an asthma attack in a child?
A.
bacteria
B.
fungi
C.
virus
53.
Which cause athlete’s foot, ringworm, and thrush?
A.
protozoa
B.
bacteria
C.
viruses
D.
fungi
54.
Residents of North Carolina presently burn 5 billion gallons of imported
petroleum­based liquid fuel per year. How would the state’s economy be
affected if North Carolina could produce biofuels locally as a
replacement?
A.
Tax revenues would decrease.
B.
Unemployment would increase.
C.
The economy would decline due to exports.
D.
The economy would improve with new jobs and tax revenue.
55.
Which organisms require a host cell to reproduce?
A.
protozoans
B.
bacteria
C.
viruses
56.
A doctor prescribed an antibiotic to treat an illness. Which type of illness
did the doctor most likely treat?
A.
cancer
B.
heart disease
C.
viral infection
D.
bacterial infection
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57.
Which would most likely be the responsibility of an epidemiologist?
A.
treating a microbial infection
B.
diagnosing a microbial infection
C.
studying genetically modified plants
D.
determining the source of a disease outbreak
58. Which illness is always caused by an infection?
A.
a heart attack
B.
a broken bone
C.
influenza
D.
cancer
59.
Which is the best method for preventing a parasitic disease?
A.
vaccination
B.
wearing a mask
C.
limiting physical contact with others
D.
avoiding contaminated food and water
60.
Which contagion is correctly matched to the disease it causes? A.
polio ­ virus
B.
rabies ­ fungus
C.
influenza ­ parasite
D.
chicken pox ­ bacteria
61.
Which would be reduced as a result of the development of pest­resistant
crops?
A.
use of organic fertilizers
B.
use of chemical insecticides
C.
practice of crop rotation techniques
D.
practice of hydroponic farming techniques
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62.
Which best describes how athlete’s foot is spread to other individuals?
A.
inhaling fungal spores in the air
B.
eating food contaminated with fungus
C.
having contact with fungus on a shower floor
D.
swimming in a lake that has a large amount of algae
63.
Epidemic measles outbreaks were once common, but their occurrence has
greatly diminished. Which best explains this?
A.
Children receive immunity to the measles virus from their mothers.
B.
The measles virus has largely been removed from the environment.
C.
The measles vaccine has greatly reduced the number of viral
infections.
D.
Increased hand washing has greatly reduced the spread of the
measles virus.
64.
Which is a concern of scientists when genetically modifying plants?
A.
Plants will pass on diseases to animals.
B.
There will be a decrease in biodiversity.
C.
Plants will have a longer growing season.
D.
There will be a decrease in revenue for pesticide manufacturers.
65.
Which would most likely prevent a cold virus from spreading through a
classroom?
A.
Have a large supply of tissues on the teacher’s desk.
B.
Have all students wash their hands regularly with soap.
C.
Have all students shake hands regularly with all students.
D.
Have all students wipe desk with dry paper towel at end of class.
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66.
How can a single bacterium grow and reproduce exponentially?
A.
It reproduces sexually.
B.
It reproduces asexually.
C.
It reproduces through spores.
D.
It reproduces using a host cell.
67. Which of these diseases is caused by a bacterium?
A.
rabies
B.
influenza
C.
strep throat
D.
chicken pox
68.
Which is an ethical issue surrounding the use of genetically modified
foods?
A.
cost of production
B.
long­term health effects
C.
ability to grow more nutritious foods
D.
ability to produce a lot of food quickly
69.
Which vector could lead to a malaria epidemic?
A.
fly
B.
bat
C.
mosquito
70.
Which would most likely aid in the prevention of an epidemic?
A.
drinking lots of fluids
B.
isolating infected individuals
C.
researching non­infectious diseases
D.
taking antibiotics before symptoms start
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71. What condition is most likely to spread an illness between people?
A.
a virus suspended in the air
B.
an accident on a playground
C.
a genetic mutation in somatic cells
D.
an occurrence of acid rain
72.
How do scientists best analyze data about epidemics and pandemics?
A.
They use computer modeling, cell culture, animal models, and clinical
trials in humans.
B.
They postpone action unless they know everything there is to know
about each one.
C.
They refrain from use of quality control and production of
pharmaceuticals.
73.
An amoeba frequently causes an infection in hikers who drink untreated
water. Which precaution should hikers take while hiking?
A.
taste test the water before drinking
B.
filter or boil the water before drinking
C.
check the pH of the water before drinking
D.
check the color of the water before drinking
74.
After World War I, an outbreak of the Spanish Flu killed 50 million to 100
million people around the world. Which best describes this occurrence?
A.
Epidemic, because it happened within a relatively short time span.
B.
Epidemic, because it affected many individuals in multiple countries.
C.
Pandemic, because it happened within a relatively short time span.
D.
Pandemic, because it affected many individuals in multiple countries.
75.
What is most likely the greatest economic benefit for North Carolina from
biotechnology?
A.
improvements in DNA testing leading to more arrests
B.
fewer people who use laboratory­created human insulin C.
increased disease­resistant crops and greater crop yields
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76.
How does biotechnology most likely affect North Carolina’s population?
A.
Jobs are created and attract more people to the area.
B.
Research advancement causes people in need of medicines to move
to the area.
C.
People are not concerned with biotechnology so the overall population
is not impacted.
D.
The issue causes controversy and people hesitate to live in a state
where a large amount of research takes place.
77. Many school districts are placing dispensers of hand sanitizer in classrooms and computer labs. Which of
the following is the most likely purpose of this practice?
A.
conserve water resources
B.
control noninfectious diseases
C.
promote safe use of technology
D.
limit diseases spread by contact
78. Some health care professionals recommend that children use insect repellent before going outside. Using
insect repellent is a good way to keep the insects from
A.
reproducing.
B.
laying eggs.
C.
spreading disease.
D.
dying.
79.
Which best explains how a virus affects other organisms?
A.
Viruses increase the survival of other organisms.
B.
Viruses immediately destroy all cells they come in contact with.
C.
Viruses live and reproduce in between the cells of other organisms.
D.
Viruses invade the cells of other organisms, using them to reproduce.
80.
Which use of biotechnology most benefits North Carolina agriculture?
A.
producing human vaccines
B.
producing disease­resistant crops
C.
producing new medicines from bacteria
D.
producing enzymes to eliminate pollutants
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81.
A tapeworm lives in the intestines of its host. Which example best
describes the relationship between the tapeworm and its host?
A.
The tapeworm benefits from its host; however, the host is not
affected.
B.
The tapeworm does not benefit from its host, but the host does
benefit.
C.
The tapeworm benefits from its host, and the host is negatively
affected.
82.
Why are AIDS vaccines less likely to be developed now?
A.
Scientists are unable to get genetic material from the virus.
B.
Scientists are unable to experiment on human patients.
C.
Scientists are unable to figure out what causes AIDS.
83.
Which antibiotic was developed from a fungus and has been used to cure
many illnesses that could have led to epidemics?
A.
aspirin
B.
ethanol
C.
penicillin D.
acetaminophen 84.
Which is a hypothesis a scientist could test using principles of
biotechnology?
A.
How long can a wheat plant live without water?
B.
What are the effects of extreme cold on wheat plants?
C.
Can wheat be genetically modified to be resistant to mold?
D.
Which variety of wheat tastes best when made into pasta?
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85.
Which task is best accomplished with the use of specific genetic
information in biotechnology?
A.
conserving water
B.
cleaning up oil spills
C.
producing synthetic hormones
D.
creating ethanol fuel from corn
86. The table below shows leading causes of death in the United States.
Which of the causes can be categorized as an infectious disease?
A.
cancer
B.
stroke
C.
diabetes
D.
influenza
87.
Which will most likely occur when the quality of sanitation in an area
improves?
A.
The number of disease carriers will increase.
B.
The number of infectious disease cases will decrease.
C.
The amount of available food resources will decrease.
D.
The amount of necessary medical treatment will increase.
88.
Juan’s doctor diagnoses him with a virus, then writes a prescription for a
medication. What type of medication did the doctor probably give Juan?
A.
anti­viral
B.
antibiotic
C.
anti­bacterial
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89.
Which is a benefit of genetically modified foods?
A.
The cost of research is included in the cost to the consumer.
B.
The cost of food will decrease, and the quality of food will increase.
C.
When foods are genetically modified, they no longer need to be
studied.
D.
When foods are genetically modified, they are completely resistant to
disease and drought.
90.
Which is the vector for the pathogen that causes malaria?
A.
tick
B.
flea
C.
mosquito
91. A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being
A.
hazardous.
B.
contaminated.
C.
infectious.
D.
toxic.
92.
Which best describes the treatment of a bacterial infection?
A.
vaccines
B.
antibiotics
C.
fungal creams
D.
insulin injections
93.
How does knowledge about human genetics best help doctors?
A.
Doctors can remove damaged genes from a patient’s body.
B.
Doctors can change patients’ genes to make them resistant to
disease.
C.
Doctors can give patients new genes to improve the health of their
children.
D.
Doctors can predict whether patients are at risk of developing a
genetic disease.
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94. HIV makes the body vulnerable to secondary infections by targeting
A.
macrophages.
B.
helper T­cells.
C.
cells.
D.
killer T­cells.
95. What structure can be found in both a virus and a cell?
A.
nucleic acid chain
B.
Golgi apparatus
C.
endoplasmic reticulum
D.
nuclear membrane
96.
Which best explains why more than 300 million people in Asia are
infected with malaria each year?
A.
There is no way to protect people against the disease.
B.
The parasites that cause malaria lack the ability to resist antibiotics.
C.
The house fly contaminates food with infectious bacteria that cause
malaria.
D.
Mosquitos are becoming resistant to insecticides and continue to
carry the disease.
97.
Why can a person catch a cold many times?
A.
Changes in weather conditions can cause a person to get a cold.
B.
People do not develop an immunity to viruses and can be infected by
the same virus again and again.
C.
There are many kinds of viruses that cause colds and the person may
be infected by different viruses each time.
98.
A scientist examining a specimen in a microscope sees that it is a single­
celled microorganism. What does the scientist observe?
A.
bacteria B.
fungi
C.
virus
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99.
Which is a potential ethical issue resulting from the use of
biotechnology?
A.
deteriorating the ozone layer
B.
causing mass extinction of a species
C.
increasing pollution of natural resources
D.
introducing a genetically­altered species
100.
Which product would be most effective in preventing the spread of a
cold virus?
A.
hand soap
B.
mouthwash
C.
cough drops
D.
antibiotic cream
101.
North Carolina has over 400 biotechnology companies. How would the
economy most likely change if that number were reduced by half?
A.
The economy would decline because of job loss.
B.
The economy would suffer as funding for research decreases.
C.
The economy would increase due to an increase in production.
D.
The economy would improve when the government offers assistance.
102.
Which molecule from humans is inserted into bacteria to cause them to
produce insulin?
A.
DNA
B.
lipids
C.
proteins
D.
carbohydrates
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103.
Which disease is caused by living organisms?
A.
cold
B.
malaria
C.
smallpox
D.
influenza
104.
Scientists are trying to prevent an epidemic of a highly contagious
disease. What information should the scientists study first?
A.
how the disease reproduces
B.
the treatment of the disease
C.
the symptoms of the disease
D.
how the disease is transmitted
105. A student sorted a list of diseases and conditions into two groups.
The diseases and conditions in Group 1 are
A.
inherited conditions.
B.
infectious diseases.
C.
caused by environmental conditions.
D.
not treatable with medications.
106.
Which human disease is caused by a parasitic infection?
A.
cancer
B.
influenza
C.
athlete’s foot
D.
African sleeping sickness
107. Why are diseases transmitted through the bites of infected animals not considered contagious diseases?
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A.
The infected animals do not show symptoms.
B.
The person in direct contact is the only one infected.
C.
Humans do not become sick from animal diseases.
D.
The diseases are treatable with antibiotics.
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108.
Vinegar is often used as a household cleaning agent. Which will a
solution of vinegar and water most likely kill?
A.
bacteria
B.
protists
C.
worms
109. What reason best explains why more people get colds in colder temperatures?
A.
Viruses need colder temperatures to survive.
B.
Viruses need colder temperatures to infect people.
C.
Colder temperatures lower a person's body temperature.
D.
Colder temperatures cause people to stay inside, closer together.
110.
Which would most likely contribute to antimicrobial resistance?
A.
an increased number of health care facilities
B.
overcrowding and poor sanitation in urban areas
C.
creation of new varieties of vaccinations and medicines
D.
providing more education and training for medical professionals
111.
Which best describes how an outbreak of cholera begins?
A.
Fleas bite animals and humans causing the disease to spread.
B.
A bacterial organism contaminates the drinking water of a
community.
C.
An infected mosquito penetrates the skin of several humans, causing
them to contract the disease.
112.
If a monkey is a vector for an infectious disease, which best describes
how it transmits into the human population and becomes an epidemic?
A.
The monkey inhales contaminated drops from the air.
B.
The monkey bites a human.
C.
The monkey shares food.
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113.
Which project is most likely to be worked on by a biotechnician?
A.
developing plants with resistance to high temperatures
B.
developing architectural designs for houses in floodplains
C.
discovering different isotopes of existing elements in the periodic
table
D.
designing lightweight, strong metallic alloys for use in car
manufacturing
114. Which disease is correctly paired with the cause of the disease?
A.
athlete’s foot ­ fungi
B.
malaria ­ viruses
C.
influenza ­ bacteria
D.
pneumonia ­ protists
115. An infectious disease causes an increase in the body temperature and a decrease in the blood glucose
levels of a deer. What is most likely an effect of this disease?
A.
a disruption in the homeostasis of the deer
B.
a change in the genetic makeup of the deer
C.
an increase in the energy level of the deer
D.
an increase in the reproductive rate of the deer
116.
Which epidemic could best be treated by antibiotics?
A.
flu
B.
AIDS
C.
cholera 117.
A cholera outbreak in the 1800s was spread by polluted drinking water.
Which best describes the cause?
A.
industrial waste
B.
pesticides
C.
sewage
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118.
How are an epidemic and pandemic alike?
A.
Both involve a viral infection.
B.
Both involve a bacterial infection.
C.
Both involve an outbreak of a disease.
D.
Both involve small numbers of infected individuals.
119.
Which term refers to the spread of disease across a large region or
sometimes worldwide?
A.
antibiotic
B.
epidemic
C.
pandemic
D.
pathogenic
120.
How are quarantines used to slow the spread of an epidemic?
A.
Quarantines prevent individuals from eating food that is potentially
contaminated.
B.
Quarantines allow enough time for antibiotics to take effect in
infected individuals.
C.
Quarantines keep infected individuals separate so they cannot pass
the disease to others.
D.
Quarantines keep people inside their homes so that family members
can provide care for each other.
121.
Which best describes the size of a virus compared to the size of
bacteria?
A.
Bacteria are small, while viruses are larger.
B.
Bacteria are large, while viruses are larger.
C.
Bacteria are small, while viruses are smaller.
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122.
Wes graduated with a degree in biotechnology. For which job is he best
qualified?
A.
financial manager
B.
automobile mechanic
C.
laboratory researcher
D.
mathematics teacher
123.
Which application of biotechnology is of greatest economic benefit to
North Carolina? A.
development of livestock that are more domesticated
B.
development of livestock that produce higher quality meat
C.
development of crops that can be grown in extremely dry
environments
D.
development of crops that can be grown in extremely low
temperatures
124.
Which best describes treatments for viral epidemics and viral
pandemics?
A.
Both are easily treated using a combination of vaccination and
antibiotics.
B.
Epidemics are treated with vaccinations, while pandemics are treated
with antibiotics.
C.
Epidemics are treated with antibiotics, while pandemics are treated
with vaccinations.
D.
Neither is easily treated because viral infections are easier to
prevent than they are to treat.
125.
What is the most common method by which AIDS is spread?
A.
animal bites
B.
contaminated food
C.
shared body fluids
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126. Which of these conditions most likely results from infection?
A.
high blood sugar levels
B.
swelling of throat tissues
C.
numbness in fingers
D.
blockage of blood vessels in the leg
127.
In which area would biotechnology have the greatest effect on
agriculture?
A.
development of biological weapons
B.
development of biopharmaceuticals
C.
development of biological pesticides
D.
development of biodegradable plastics
128.
In which organ system of the human body would a doctor most likely
find a parasite? A.
skeletal system
B.
digestive system
C.
muscular system
D.
reproductive system
129. In 1839, Schleiden and Schwann began formulating a theory of cells and their role in living organisms. Over
time, cell theory has been updated. Modern cell theory is summarized below.
Cell theory explains all of the following except
A.
the growth of animals.
B.
how viruses require the cells of living organisms to survive.
C.
how bacteria reproduce.
D.
the storage of chemical energy in plant cells.
130.
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Which most likely spreads diseases such as rabies or Lyme disease?
A.
contact with an infected animal
B.
contact with an infected human
C.
ingesting contaminated food
D.
breathing contaminated air
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131.
Farmers use insecticides and fertilizers on their fruit and vegetable
crops. Which best describes the effect of these chemicals?
A.
The crops require less water and nutrients to grow.
B.
The crops are more susceptible to insect damage.
C.
The crops yield smaller fruits and vegetables.
D.
The crops yield more fruits and vegetables.
132.
Which is the easiest way for a person to prevent microbial infections?
A.
Avoid contact with animals.
B.
Isolate themselves at home.
C.
Sterilize everything in the home.
D.
Wash hands frequently with hot water and soap.
133.
Which best describes the technique of genetic engineering?
A.
manufacturing synthetic DNA in the laboratory from chemicals
B.
cutting out segments of the DNA of an organism under a microscope
C.
exposing the DNA of an organism to radioactivity to produce
mutations
D.
introducing foreign DNA into an organism in order to modify the
organism’s DNA
134.
Which is most important when investigating ethical issues in
biotechnology?
A.
cost of the technology
B.
advantage of the technology
C.
public opinion of the technology
D.
benefits of the technology outweighing the harm
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135.
Which best explains why a contagious disease is likely to become an
epidemic?
A.
failure to follow safety rules when handling bacteria
B.
lack of understanding as to how the disease is spread
C.
creation of supergerms due to the overuse of antibiotics
136. Dr. Wagner is investigating a newly discovered, disease­causing agent. She determines that one structure
in the agent is double­stranded RNA. What kind of agent is Dr. Wagner studying?
A.
a virus
B.
a protist
C.
a fungus
D.
a bacterium
137.
In the midwestern United States, the occurrence of influenza was
greater than expected. Which best describes the influenza outbreak?
A.
A pandemic, because influenza is an infectious disease.
B.
An epidemic, because influenza is an infectious disease.
C.
A pandemic, because it occurred in more than one state.
D.
An epidemic, because it occurred in one region of the United States.
138.
How does biotechnology most benefit the economy of North Carolina?
A.
creation of jobs
B.
creation of hybrid plants
C.
creation of new medicines
D.
creation of transgenic species
139.
Biotechnology uses a procedure called genetic engineering. Which best
describes genetic engineering?
A.
making artificial DNA in the laboratory from chemicals
B.
cutting out pieces of DNA from an organism under a microscope
C.
adding DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism
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140.
Which illness is most likely to spread throughout the world and infect
the most people?
A.
chicken pox
B.
influenza
C.
malaria
D.
measles
141.
How does the reproductive potential of bacteria affect illnesses caused
by bacteria?
A.
long generation time results in many bacteria
B.
short generation time results in many bacteria
C.
long generation time results in only a few bacteria
D.
short generation time results in only a few bacteria
142. Louis Pasteur discovered a process that allows milk to be stored in sealed containers for long periods of
time without spoiling. The process, called pasteurization, involves heating the milk before placing it in the
sealed containers.
Which is the best explanation of how pasteurization works?
A.
Heat strengthens molecules that prevent spoiling.
B.
The chemical structure of the food changes with the heat.
C.
Heat killed microorganisms that could cause spoiling.
D.
The food particles are better mixed after heating.
143.
Which has made the most significant difference to reduce the spread of
epidemics and pandemics worldwide?
A.
water treatment
B.
decreased pollution
C.
increased medical aid
144.
Which process describes how many pure­bred dogs have been produced?
A.
cloning
B.
crossbreeding
C.
selective breeding
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145.
Which is an agricultural benefit of biotechnology in North Carolina?
A.
farmers’ growing cost of fuel
B.
farmers growing smaller vegetables
C.
farmers growing longer lasting vegetables
146. The bacterium Brucella abortus causes fever in humans. Biologists studying this bacterium found that
when exposed to light, the bacterium becomes more virulent. How can this change in virulence most likely
be described?
A.
as a behavioral adaptation
B.
as a survival disadvantage
C.
as a response to a stimulus
D.
as an acquired characteristic
147.
Tomatoes are genetically modified to have a longer shelf life, slowing
the ripening and softening of the tomato. Which best describes a
concern people have with eating genetically­modified tomatoes?
A.
Genetically­modified tomatoes do not taste as good as regular
tomatoes.
B.
Genetically­modified tomatoes are more expensive than regular
tomatoes.
C.
The DNA used to modify the tomatoes could change the DNA of the
person eating the tomato.
148. A doctor treats a patient showing symptoms of fatigue and fever. An examination for which condition will
most likely uncover the source of the illness?
A.
nutritional imbalance
B.
fractured bone
C.
abnormal cellular reproduction
D.
foreign bacteria
149.
All states test infants for specific genetic diseases that can be treated
early in life. Which would most likely be the result if newborn genetic
screening were eliminated?
A.
The human population would drastically decline.
B.
The overall genetic health would drastically decline.
C.
There would be an increase in the adult mortality rate.
D.
There would be an increase in the infant mortality rate.
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150.
Which is a positive result of the use of biotechnology in agriculture?
A.
increased cost
B.
increased yield
C.
increased use of pesticides
D.
increased use of preservatives
151. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects the cells that coordinate the human immune response. When
these cells are killed or compromised, the body cannot effectively protect itself from infection. Which cells
does HIV infect?
A.
natural killer T cells
B.
regulatory T cells
C.
cytotoxic T cells
D.
helper T cells
152. Diseases that can be transmitted between organisms are
A.
infectious.
B.
inherited.
C.
environmental.
D.
congenital.
153.
Alan noticed that his foot itched between his toes after coming home
from the gym. He now believes he may have contracted athlete’s foot.
What type of pathogen most likely caused this possible infection of his
foot?
A.
bacterium
B.
fungus
C.
virus
154.
Which disease is caused by a virus?
A.
AIDS
B.
rabies
C.
small pox
155. Scientists determined that specific agents produce specific diseases, and many are transmitted by
sneezing. What must the droplets contain for a disease to be transmitted by sneezing?
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A.
the disease­causing particles
B.
cells exposed to the disease
C.
toxins released by diseased cells
D.
disease­specific antibodies
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156.
Which best describes genetic modification?
A.
It allows large quantities of medications to be produced.
B.
It improves the removal of pollution from soil and water.
C.
It is used to alter crops to become insect­resistant.
157.
Which statement is true?
A.
Vaccines do not yet exist that can prevent diseases caused by
viruses.
B.
Bacteria are generally classified into four categories based on size.
C.
Antibiotics are not effective against bacterial infections.
D.
Parasites exhibit diversity of form, size, and shape.
158.
Many countries in the world eat a diet consisting mostly of rice which is
filling but is often low in nutritional value. Which one of these
biotechnologies could be used to create a more nutritional rice?
A.
genetic modification of current rice plants
B.
selective breeding of current rice plants
C.
cloning of current rice plants
159.
Which would be the most beneficial method of preventing a malaria
epidemic in Africa?
A.
water treatment
B.
improved hygiene
C.
increased vaccinations
D.
increased use of pesticides
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160.
Which describes a beneficial relationship between biotechnology and
North Carolina farmers?
A.
Improvements in biotechnology make farming an obsolete
profession.
B.
Improvements in biotechnology help plants become more disease
and insect resistant, increasing farmers’ profits.
C.
Improvements in biotechnology create crops that pose biological
threats for consumers, hurting farmers’ profits.
D.
Biotechnology research leads to a decreasing need for traditional
food sources as more synthetic foods are created in laboratories.
161. Which condition must be fulfilled in order for a virus to reproduce?
A.
A virus must have completed internal replication of its DNA.
B.
A virus must be absorbed by a living cell.
C.
A virus must store a surplus of tRNA and amino acids.
D.
A virus must have taken over the protein production resources of a cell.
162.
Which has impacted North Carolina’s economy the least in the field of
bioremediation?
A.
cleaning of air pollution
B.
cleaning of soil pollution
C.
cleaning of water pollution
163.
Which disease is best prevented with vaccines?
A.
leprosy
B.
chicken pox
C.
lyme disease
164.
Which best compares a virus to a bacterium?
A.
A virus is a large, living particle, and a bacterium is a large, living
cell.
B.
A virus is a tiny, nonliving particle, and a bacterium is a large, living
cell.
C.
A virus is a large, nonliving particle, and a bacterium is the same
size but living.
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165. Over a two­week period, several students complain of feeling sick. Their symptoms include a cough, fever,
and a sore throat. What describes the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A.
exposure to hot weather
B.
decrease in physical exercise
C.
consumption of bad food
D.
infection by a virus
166.
Which is true about viruses?
A.
Each virus has its own seasonal activity.
B.
Each virus is transmitted through the air.
C.
Each virus has its own shape and structure.
D.
Each virus is transmitted through poor sanitation.
167.
Why is antimicrobial resistance a serious public health issue?
A.
because of the limited availability of antibiotics to the public
B.
because of the difficulty in educating the public on the topic of
proper medication use
C.
because of the increasing cases of antibiotic­resistant microbes
related to hospital stays
168.
What is one benefit of giving farm animals vaccines?
A.
It kills insects that attack farm animals.
B.
It reduces the cost of farm animals.
C.
It produces healthier farm animals.
169.
A mosquito can spread the West Nile Virus but remains unaffected by
the disease. Which best describes the mosquito?
A.
vector
B.
parasite
C.
mutagen
D.
pathogen
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170.
Which action would most quickly reduce the spread of an infectious
disease?
A.
isolating all carriers
B.
improving sanitary conditions
C.
restricting population growth of the vector
D.
increasing the population density of humans in the area
171. Having students wash their hands frequently with soap and water will limit the spread of infectious disease
by
A.
protecting harmless bacterial cells.
B.
changing viral and bacterial nucleic acids.
C.
releasing mutated cells from pores.
D.
removing viruses and bacteria from the skin.
172.
Which is the most likely reason for a decline in antibiotic use?
A.
Antibiotics have severe health side effects.
B.
Companies find antibiotics too expensive to produce.
C.
Most health insurance does not cover treatment with antibiotics.
D.
Bacterial infections have become resistant to present antibiotic
treatment.
173.
West Nile virus was once considered a minor risk to humans. Today, it is
transmitted through female mosquitoes. What kind of relationship do
mosquitoes carrying the West Nile virus have with humans?
A.
commensalism
B.
mutualism
C.
parasitism
174. An infection caused by a cut in the skin is the direct result of
A.
gene mutation.
B.
an allergic reaction.
C.
tissue overgrowth.
D.
foreign cell invasion.
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175.
Which has had the greatest impact on preventing epidemics in the
twenty­first century?
A.
immunizations
B.
new medicines
C.
good hygiene
176.
Which is the most likely result of having a large number of
biotechnology companies located in North Carolina?
A.
decrease in available jobs
B.
improvement in crop yields
C.
increase in antibiotic resistance
D.
decrease in vaccine effectiveness
177.
DNA analysis performed by a forensic scientist on blood found at a crime
scene is compared to the DNA analysis of four suspects as shown below.
Which suspect was most likely present at the crime scene?
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A.
Suspect A
B.
Suspect B
C.
Suspect C
D.
Suspect D
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178.
A number of projects in North Carolina biotechnology involve genomics.
Which best describes genomics?
A.
the study of anatomy and how the body functions
B.
the study of biology and how energy flows in cells
C.
the study of genes and how they function
D.
the study of technology and how it works
179. A plant is discolored and has large brown blotches on its leaves. This condition is most likely caused by
A.
pollination.
B.
photosynthesis.
C.
nourishment.
D.
disease.
180.
Which best describes how viruses affect many organisms?
A.
They cause disease in the organisms.
B.
They provide energy to the organisms.
C.
They reduce heat energy in the organisms.
D.
They increase reproduction in the organisms.
181.
Which is an example of a parasitic disease?
A.
AIDS
B.
influenza
C.
malaria
D.
strep throat
182. Which structure does a virus have in common with a prokaryotic cell?
A.
cell wall
B.
nucleic acid
C.
ribosome
D.
capsid
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183. A cut to the skin is treated with antiseptic first to avoid
A.
an immune response.
B.
a bacterial infection.
C.
bruising of tissues.
D.
an allergic reaction.
184.
Which best describes a controversial issue associated with the use of
genetically modified crops?
A.
the use of genetically modified crops to increase potential yield
B.
the short­term use of genetically modified crops in famine­stricken
countries
C.
the development of genetically modified crops which are resistant to
herbicides
D.
the long­term effects which may arise from the use of genetically
modified crops
185. Scientists discovered that although infectious bacteria may develop immunity to antibiotic
medications, some bacteria are unable to resist certain peptides, which act as natural antibiotic
substances inside the human body. This discovery led to the development of which new technology?
A.
artificial substances that mimic human peptides
B.
antibiotics that can be absorbed through the skin
C.
bacteria that attack antibiotic­resistant organisms
D.
antibiotics that adapt in response to bacterial immunity
186.
Which poses the greatest challenge for researchers when attempting to
locate the source of a nationwide food­based salmonella outbreak?
A.
cost of the study
B.
time needed for the study
C.
number of people affected
D.
number of food producers involved
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187.
Which is a benefit of storing the genetic information of people who have
previously committed a serious crime?
A.
Offenders will be easier for potential victims to identify since their
genetic information is on file.
B.
Offenders can be genetically profiled to determine which type of
crime they will commit in the future.
C.
Offenders can be more easily identified by their genetic information
if they commit a crime in the future.
D.
Offenders can have their genetic information altered so that they are
less likely to commit crimes in the future.
188.
Which is the best prediction of microbial drug resistance without the
help of National Institute for Allergies and Infectious Diseases?
A.
All microbes will become drug resistant.
B.
Drug resistance will remain stable at 70 percent.
C.
Drug resistance will increase, making it harder to treat bacterial
infections.
189. Twentieth­century research by such scientists as Jonas Salk on the use of vaccines has reduced the
number of people who are infected with
A.
polio.
B.
stroke.
C.
diabetes.
D.
tuberculosis.
190.
A company that creates hair dye would most likely employ a
biotechnician for which job?
A.
researching trends
B.
developing new colors
C.
creating cost­effective packaging
D.
developing a product that will be safe for consumers
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191.
Which characteristic makes it easy to spread, but difficult to treat and
prevent certain fungal infections?
A.
Fungi are multicellular.
B.
Fungi are heterotrophic.
C.
Fungi reproduce by spores.
D.
Fungi grow in dry environments.
192.
Which term refers to the spread of disease in a small region?
A.
antibiotic
B.
epidemic
C.
pandemic
D.
parasitic
193. If a child scrapes his foot on a piece of rusty metal, it is important to get medical treatment because the
A.
metal is corrosive to the skin.
B.
foot carries large amounts of bacteria.
C.
foot is the most sensitive part of the body.
D.
metal may be contaminated and cause infection.
194.
Which example best illustrates a pandemic?
A.
In the late 1400’s, native populations were almost wiped out by
European diseases.
B.
In 1854, cholera spread through London, killing 12.5% of the
population.
C.
In 1918, the Spanish flu caused millions of deaths worldwide.
D.
Last year, seasonal flu was responsible for thousands of deaths in
the United States.
195.
Which is the best requirement for viruses to reproduce?
A.
The virus must be inside a living cell.
B.
The virus must produce a toxin.
C.
The virus must be a pathogen.
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196. A student conducts an experiment using a common but potentially harmful bacteria culture. After working
with the bacteria, which is the most important safety practice to follow?
A.
turn off any electrical equipment
B.
dispose of waste materials
C.
wash hands and tabletops thoroughly
D.
return materials to their proper place
197.
Genetic engineering has directly increased productivity in which U.S.
industry?
A.
agriculture
B.
automobile
C.
media
198.
Which illness is spread by eating food that has been contaminated by
bacteria?
A.
botulism
B.
influenza
C.
tuberculosis
D.
Lyme disease
199.
Which best distinguishes an infectious disease from a noninfectious
disease?
A.
Infectious diseases can be cured with antibiotics; noninfectious
diseases cannot.
B.
Infectious diseases can be prevented with vaccines; noninfectious
diseases cannot.
C.
Infectious diseases can be spread from one organism to another;
noninfectious diseases cannot.
D.
Infectious diseases cannot be transmitted from one organism to
another; noninfectious diseases can.
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200.
Which is a genetic engineering advancement directly related to a career
in biotechnology?
A.
improving solar energy collection
B.
transporting textiles at higher rates
C.
creating crop foods that resist insect pests
D.
repairing historical sites with quality materials
201.
Which best compares an epidemic and a pandemic?
A.
An epidemic is caused by bacteria, while a pandemic is caused by
viruses.
B.
A pandemic is spread by humans, while an epidemic is spread by
insects and rodents.
C.
A pandemic occurs in a small region, while an epidemic occurs in a
much larger region.
D.
An epidemic affects a small population of humans, while a
pandemic affects a large population of humans.
202.
Which best explains why researchers are working to improve
antimicrobial drugs?
A.
Microbes are becoming more resistant to current drugs.
B.
Microbes are learning to detect current drugs and avoid them.
C.
Microbes are growing too large to be stopped by current drugs.
203. Which statement best explains why viruses can only reproduce within a host?
A.
Viruses lack the genes necessary for transcription.
B.
Viruses need the host DNA necessary to replicate.
C.
Viruses need the host cell to break down their cell membranes.
D.
Viruses lack the ribosomes necessary to make their own proteins.
204.
Which would most likely result in an E.coli outbreak?
A.
air pollution
B.
fertilized soils
C.
contaminated meat
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205.
Which would be least effective in preventing the spread of a disease­
causing organism?
A.
the use of vaccines
B.
the use of antibiotics
C.
a decrease in pesticide use
206.
Which is a career that would use microorganisms to remove pollutants
from water?
A.
medical specialist
B.
DNA fingerprint specialist
C.
Environmental Protection Agency specialist
207.
Which treatment is best for bacterial infections?
A.
vaccines
B.
antibiotics
C.
rest and drinking liquids
208.
Which is an example of an epidemic?
A.
dengue fever in an African village
B.
smallpox outbreak on several continents
C.
swine flu cases reported in multiple countries
D.
many people affected by tuberculosis worldwide
209.
The Anopheles mosquito transmits the parasite Plasmodium to humans.
Plasmodium causes malaria. In this situation, which is the vector of the
disease?
A.
Anopheles mosquito
B.
Plasmodium
C.
human
D.
malaria
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210. Which set of diseases do viruses cause?
A.
malaria, influenza, AIDS
B.
herpes, smallpox, bubonic plague
C.
influenza, AIDS, smallpox
D.
bubonic plague, malaria, herpes
211.
Which improvement to agriculture is most likely a result of
biotechnology?
A.
increased land
B.
increased fertilizer
C.
increased productivity
212.
Which most accurately describes what makes a mosquito a vector?
A.
A mosquito can be sick with malaria but not spread the disease.
B.
A mosquito can spread malaria but not be sick with the disease.
C.
A mosquito can carry malaria but not spread the disease.
213.
Sherie is allergic to several types of fungi. Which treatment will be most
useful in her home?
A.
water and natural soap that clean, but do not kill organisms
B.
chlorine bleach to kill many types of mold
C.
ammonia to kill many types of bacteria
D.
special wipes that kill 99% of viruses
214. Tooth decay is an infection that causes deterioration of the protective enamel on teeth, resulting in
damage. Tooth decay is most likely caused by
A.
bacteria.
B.
acidic food.
C.
allergies.
D.
genetic defects.
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215.
Which would most likely result in the largest economic benefit to North
Carolina?
A.
North Carolina partnering with farmers for use of agricultural
biotechnology
B.
North Carolina being a lead consumer state in pharmaceutical
manufacturing
C.
North Carolina making the world’s best­trained work force for
biomanufacturing
D.
North Carolina making a long­standing commitment to biotechnology
development
216.
Which would most likely increase the amount of money made from
agriculture in North Carolina?
A.
Tomatoes that are resistant to disease.
B.
Tomatoes that are more expensive.
C.
Tomatoes that taste the same.
217.
Damp conditions most support the spread of which diseases?
A.
strep throat and AIDS
B.
Lyme disease and polio
C.
athlete’s foot and malaria
D.
tuberculosis and food poisoning
218.
Which disease would be an example of a current pandemic?
A.
HIV
B.
measles
C.
chicken pox
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219.
A strain of influenza originates in Southeast Asia and spreads to
countries including the United States and Europe, infecting millions of
individuals worldwide. Which best describes the spread of this disease?
A.
Epidemic, then a pandemic because it did not originate in the United
States.
B.
Pandemic, then an epidemic because it affected citizens of the
United States.
C.
Epidemic, then a pandemic because it originated in one geographic
area before spreading to others.
D.
Pandemic, then an epidemic because it originated in one geographic
area before spreading to others.
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