Download Origins of the Cold War Listen Listen Listen Listen

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Warm-up
• This 1952 cartoon by Reg Manning points up two aspects of the Cold War: the competition for nuclear
weapons, and the battle of ideas between democracy and communism. Study the cartoon carefully,
and then answer the questions that follow.
1. What is the “secret weapon” referred to in this cartoon?
2. Does the cartoon also reflect western fears of communism? Explain.
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Origins of the Cold War
TEKS
1(B), 6(D), 15(B), 24(B), 24(C), 24(G), 26(A)
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Listen
• American foreign policy after World War II remained consistent with the nation’s
wartime activities: force would be used to oppose authoritarian regimes that the
United States considered a threat to the free world. At home the federal
government would use strong, and sometimes questionable, measures to counter
what it perceived to be threats to the nation’s internal security.
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Listen
• Different goals for a postwar world caused conflict between the United States and
the Soviet Union. The United States envisioned a Europe of free, democratic nations.
However, the Soviet Union was determined to create satellite nations in Eastern
Europe. Satellite nations are countries dominated by a more powerful neighbor. Both
nations did agree, however, on the formation of the United Nations (UN) as an
international peacekeeping organization.
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Listen
• The Soviet Union tightened its hold on nations in Middle and
Eastern Europe. Stalin installed a repressive government in the
eastern part of Germany and declared that communism would
triumph over capitalism.
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Listen
• In response, Britain’s former prime minister Winston Churchill
declared that an iron curtain of Communist domination had
fallen over Europe and called upon the United States to prevent
any more Soviet takeovers.
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Listen
• These speeches set the tone for the Cold War,
War, the competition for world power and
influence between the United States and the Soviet Union. The United States
adopted a policy of containment.
containment. It called for the United States to resist Soviet
attempts to form new Communist governments. President Harry Truman applied this
policy when he gave aid to Greece and Turkey to keep them from becoming Soviet
satellite nations.
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Listen
• In the Truman Doctrine,
Doctrine, the President called on the United
States to take a leading role in supporting free people around
the world. The Truman Doctrine and the policy of containment
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would become the basis of U.S. foreign policy for the next 40
years.
Origins of the Cold War
Begin Taking Notes
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1.Why was 1945 a critical year in United States foreign relations?
2.What were the postwar goals of the United States and the Soviet Union?
3.How did the iron curtain tighten the Soviet Union’s hold over Eastern
Europe?
4.How did the Truman Doctrine complement the policy of containment?
1945—A Critical Year
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• As the end of World War II approached, relations between the Communist Soviet Union and its
wartime allies, the United States and Great Britain, grew increasingly tense.
• At a meeting at Yalta in February, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed on the postwar
division of Germany but disagreed on the future of Poland.
• In April, representatives of 50 countries, including the United States, adopted the charter for the
United Nations, an organization dedicated to cooperation in solving international problems.
• On April 12, Roosevelt died unexpectedly, making Vice President Truman the new President.
Truman continued Roosevelt’s negotiations with Stalin at the Potsdam Conference in July.
Conflicting Postwar Goals
American and Soviet Goals
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American Goals
• Wanted conquered European nations to experience the democracy and economic opportunity that
the United States had fought for during the war
• Wanted to develop strong capitalist economies, which would provide good markets for American
products
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Soviet Goals
• Wanted to rebuild Europe in ways that would help the Soviet Union recover from the huge losses it suffered
during the war
• Wanted to establish Soviet satellite nations, countries subject to Soviet domination and sympathetic to Soviet
goals
• Wanted to promote the spread of communism throughout the world
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Soviets Tighten Their Hold
Communist Expansion in Eastern Europe
• Albania and Bulgaria: Communists secure control by silencing opposition in Albania; Soviet troops seize Bulgaria.
• Czechoslovakia: Although it desperately tried to remain democratic, Czechoslovakia became a Soviet satellite nation in
1948.
• Hungary and Romania: By arresting anti-Communist leaders in Hungary and forcing the appointment of a Communist
prime minister in Romania, Communists achieved power in both nations.
• East Germany: To make sure Germany could not threaten his nation again, Stalin established a totalitarian government,
naming the state the German Democratic Republic.
• Finland and Yugoslavia: Both countries maintained their independence from Soviet control – Finland, by signing a treaty
of cooperation, and Yugoslavia, by following the leadership of Tito.
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The Iron Curtain
Churchill coined the phrase iron curtain to describe the geographic and political
divisions between Communist and capitalist nations in Europe.
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Containment and the Truman Doctrine
• The competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for world influence came to be
known as the Cold War.
• The American policy of containment accepted the fact that Eastern Europe was under Communist
control, but sought to prevent Communist governments from forming elsewhere in the world.
• The Truman Doctrine, which applied the principles of containment, stated that the United States
would support free peoples who resist attempted conquest. The Truman Doctrine was first applied in
the cases of Greece and Turkey.
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Origins of the Cold War—Assessment
Which of these choices best describes the primary goal of the United States for postwar Europe?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Protect the Soviet Union from future invasion
Build economically strong democracies
Add more members to the United Nations
Ensure further cooperation with Stalin
Which of these events directly inspired the Truman Doctrine?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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Soviet threats in Greece and Turkey
The division of Germany into four zones
The arrest of anti-Communist leaders in Hungary
Churchill’s “iron curtain” speech
Origins of the Cold War—Assessment
Which of these choices best describes the primary goal of the United States for postwar Europe?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Protect the Soviet Union from future invasion
Build economically strong democracies
Add more members to the United Nations
Ensure further cooperation with Stalin
Which of these events directly inspired the Truman Doctrine?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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Soviet threats in Greece and Turkey
The division of Germany into four zones
The arrest of anti-Communist leaders in Hungary
Churchill’s “iron curtain” speech
QUIZ
• Put your name, date, and period on a piece of binder paper – number it 1
to 10.
• Make sure to title the quiz.
• Complete the quiz.
• QUIZ
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Work
Look over your notes from today.
1. Answer the 4 questions from today’s lecture.
2. In five sentences, write a brief summary of what we went over in class today. Use the highlighted
key terms in your summary!
• Title the paper the same as the Lecture Notes.
• Make sure to put your Name, Date, and Period in the upper right hand corner of your page.
• Turn this in at the beginning of class tomorrow – put it in the hand-in/collection basket.
• Worth 25 out of 100 points for this week’s Daily grade.
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