Download Respiratory system

Respiratory system
Respiratory system
The respiratory system includes
1. Nose
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Lungs
Division of respiratory system (ENT)
 UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Includes
1. Nose
2. Pharynx
 LOWER REPIRATORY TRACT
Includes
1. Larynx
2. Trachea
3. Lungs
Digestive System
Digestive System
Divided into two main group
 Gastrointestinal tract (Alimentary tract)
 Accessory structures
Alimentary tract
is approximately 9m (30feet) long
and extend from the mouth to anus
It includes:
 Oral cavity
 Pharynx
 Esophagus
 Stomach
 Small intestine
 Large intestine
Accessory structures include:
 Salivary glands
 Pancreas
 Liver
 Gall bladder
Urinary system
Urinary system
The urinary system is composed of
 Kidneys
 Ureters
 Urinary bladder
 Urethra
Male reproductive system
Male reproductive system
 The male reproductive system has components in the abdomen,
pelvis, and perineum and divided into
External genital organs
 Testes
 Epididymis
 Part of ductus deferens
 Scrotum
 Penis
 Male urethra
Internal genital organs
 Part of ductus deferens
 Seminal vesicles
 Prostate gland
 Ejaculatory duct
 Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s gland)
Female Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
 The female reproductive system has components
contained mainly in the pelvic cavity and perineum and
divided into
 Internal genital organs
 Ovaries
 Uterine tubes
 Uterus
 Vagina
 External genital organs
 Mons Pubis
 Labia Majora
 Labia Minora
 Clitoris
 Vestibule of vagina
 Bulbs of vestibule
 Vestbular Glands
Endocrine System
Endocrine System
The endocrine system includes
 Hypothalamus
 Pituitary gland
 Thyroid gland
 Parathyroid gland
 Pancreas
 Testis
 Ovary
 Adrenal gland
 Pineal gland
Integumentary System
Integumentary System
The integumentary system includes
 Skin
 Accessory structures of skin
 Hair
 Glands
• Sweat glands
• Sebaceous glands
 Nails
Component of Skin
The skin is consists of three layers
 Epidermis
 Dermis
 Hypodermis
Types of skin
 Thick skin
 Thin skin
Functions of Skin
 Protection
 Regulation of body temperature and body fluid
 Synthesis of melanin, keratin and vitamin D
 Sensation
 Communication
Cleavage lines of the skin
 Tension lines in the skin identify the predominant
orientation of collagen fiber bundles.
 An incision along a cleavage line will heal as a narrow
scar, while one that crosses the lines will heal as a wide
scar
Dermatomes
 A specific segment of skin
supplied by a single spinal nerve.
 All spinal nerves innervate
a segment of skin and are
associated with a dermatome
except for C1
Fascia
 Superficial fascia
 Deep fascia
Superficial fascia
 Superficial fascia is a general coating of the body beneath
the skin
 It is made up of loose areolar tissue with varying amounts
of fat.
 The superficial fascia surrounds organs , glands and
neurovascular bundles.
 It is also found at many other locations where it fills
otherwise unoccupied space.
Functions of Superficial Fascia
 Superficial fascia facilitates movements of the skin.
 It serves as a soft medium for the passage of nerves and
vessels to the skin.
 It conserves body heat because by nature, fat is a bad
conductor of heat
Deep fascia
 Deep fascia is the dense fibrous connective tissue that
interpenetrates and surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves
and blood vessels of the body.
 It is in the form of a fibrous sheet which invests the body
beneath the superficial fascia.
 It is devoid of fat, and is usually inelastic and tough.
Functions of Deep Fascia
 Deep fascia keeps the underlying structures in position an
preserves the characteristic surface contour of the limbs
and neck.
 It provides extra surface for muscular attachment
 It helps in venous and lymphatic return.
 It assists muscles in their action by the degree of tension
and pressure it exerts upon their surfaces.
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