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Ancient Mesopotamia and Hammurabi The Fertile Crescent! “Between the Rivers”… First known civilization in Fertile Crescent was uncovered in Mesopotamia around 1800. Mesopotamia Tigris This means “between the rivers” and Euphrates. is where the Sumer civilization was located. However… The Tigris and Euphrates were key to life in Mesopotamia. Major floods - These weren’t good floods… These floods would wash away topsoil. It would destroy villages. These floods would be very unpredictable. The First Empire Around 2300 BC, Sargon of Akkad conquered the city states of Sumer. This It created the first empire ever. did not last long after his death though. Others soon invaded, destroying his empire. Enter…Hammurabi… Around 1790 BC, a man named Hammurabi brought most of Mesopotamia under his control. Hammurabi He was king of Babylon. is best known for his publication of a remarkable set of laws known as Hammurabi’s Code. Copyright? Hammurabi did not author the code. Many laws had actually been around for a long time. He wanted everyone to know the laws! Artists laws. This carved over 300 stones filled with way everyone knew the rules. “…To Destroy The Wicked And Evil…” He wanted to make things ‘fair’. “…the strong may not oppress the weak…” Hammurabi's Code was first time a ruler tried to have the laws down in writing for all. Eye For An Eye One section of the Code deals with criminal law. Ex: robbery, assault, murder. This limited people taking law into own hand. Many “An today may consider it cruel. eye for an eye and a life for a life.” Protect The Powerless! The Code also dealt with civil law. Ex: marriage, divorce, taxes, contracts, etc. Designed to protect slaves and women. More Than The Code… Hammurabi also did other things other than the Code. Improved Well irrigation. organized army. Repaired temples. Promoted Babylonian god Marduk.