Download TYPES OF PLANETS AND STARS

WHAT
ARE
PLANETS?
They are an astronomical object orbiting a star or
stellar remnant that is massive enough to be
rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to
cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its
neighboring region of planetesimals. (a minute
planet; a body that could or did come together
with many others under gravitation to form a
planet.)
WHAT ARE STARS?
They are a luminous ball of gas, mostly hydrogen
and helium, held together by its own gravity.
Nuclear fusion reactions in its core support the star
against gravity and produce photons and heat, as
well as small amounts of heavier elements. Like the
Sun is the closest star to Earth.
TYPES OF PLANETS AND THEIR MEANINGS
1) Terrestrial Planets – are earth like planets that are made
of rocks and/or other metals and they have a solid
surface that makes them different from other planets
that don’t have a solid surface. Terrestrial planets also
have topological features such as valleys, volcanoes
and craters. In our solar system there are four terrestrial
planets and they are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
2) Gas Giants – are large planets that are 10 times bigger
than Earth. Gas giants ae also know are the Jovian or
Outer Planets. They are mostly made of gases like
hydrogen and small amounts of rocks at there core. The
four gas giants in our solar system are Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, and Neptune.
TYPES OF PLANETS AND THEIR MEANINGS CONTINUE
3) Dwarf Planet – is a planetary-mass object that is not a
planet or a natural satellite. It is in direct orbit of the sun
and has enough gravity to shape itself into a sphere. The
dwarf planets that we know are Pluto, Eris, and Ceres.
However, only two of the planets, Ceres and Pluto, have
been observed in enough in detail to demonstrate that
they actually fit the IAU's definition. The IAU accepted Eris
as a dwarf planet because it is bigger than Pluto.
4) Exoplanet – are planets that are orbiting other stars than
our sun. There have been 3,472 exoplanets confirmed since
1988. There are many exoplanet out there that we have
not found and we might never find them all.
TYPES OF STARS AND THEIR MEANINGS
1) Red Giant Stars – Once a star has used up all of its
hydrogen fuel it transitions in to a red giant. Depending
on the size of the star it becomes a black hole, white
dwarf, or neutron star. In only a few billion years, our
own sun will turn into a red giant.
2) White Dwarfs – After a star becomes a red giant the
outward radiation pressure overwhelms the
gravitational pressure and the star expands farther out
into space. The outside of the star goes into space and
the core is the only thing that remains. This core is a
smoldering ball of carbon and other various elements
that glows as it cools.
TYPES OF STARS AND THEIR MEANINGS CONTINUE
3) Neutron Stars – There only objects known to exist in the
Universe that have greater density are black holes.
When a massive star reaches the end of its life it
undergoes a supernova explosion, leaving behind its
incredibly dense core. There only objects known to exist
in the Universe that have greater density are black
holes.
4) Brown Dwarf – They form in the same manner as normal
stars, however they never quite accumulate enough
mass to ignite nuclear fusion in their cores. Therefore
they are smaller than main stars. In fact those that have
been detected are more similar to the planet Jupiter in
size, though much more massive.
SOURCES
1)
http://space-facts.com/gas-giants/
2)
http://www.space.com/17028-terrestrial-planets.html
3)
http://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/exoplanetexploration/
4)
http://planetary-science.org/planetary-science-3/what-isplanetary-science/
5)
http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-resources/what-isa-star/
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