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Transcript
Zubrzycki: DC Circuits 2 Searching for Patterns in Series and Parallel Circuits Use the Circuit Construction Kit on phet.colorado.edu (DC Circuits only) to build the following circuits. After building each circuit, use the ammeter and voltmeter to measure the current in the wires and the potential difference across each light bulb in the simulated circuit. What patterns do you come up with as you build the circuits? Note: When finding the total potential difference for the entire circuit (∆Vtotal) we are not looking for the sum of all the voltmeter readings. Instead, find the potential difference across the entire circuit. When finding the total current ( Itotal) we are again not looking for the sum of all the ammeter readings, but the total current for the entire circuit. 2.1 Series Circuit - Connect 3 bulbs in series. DIAGRAM using half of a page! a. Add an ammeter to measure the TOTAL current. Draw it in the diagram and record the total current next to the ammeter in the diagram. b. Take the ammeter out of the circuit and put it in the circuit again to measure the current at another location. Draw it in the diagram and record the new current next to the ammeter in the diagram. c. Use the voltmeter to measure the TOTAL potential difference across the circuit and the potential difference across each bulb. Draw the 4 positions of the voltmeter on your diagram, and record the values of the voltage next to the voltmeters in the diagram. d. Compare the current through each bulb to the total current. Record the pattern you observe. e. Compare the potential difference across each bulb to the total potential difference. Record the pattern you observe. Diagram and Patterns for SERIES Circuit Some lesson activities adapted from ALG and PUM, Etkina and Van Heuvelen, 2010 Zubrzycki: DC Circuits 2 2.2 Parallel Circuit - Connect 3 bulbs in parallel. DIAGRAM using half of a page! a. Add an ammeter to measure the TOTAL current. Draw it in the diagram and record the total current next to the ammeter in the diagram. b. Take the ammeter out of the circuit and put it in the circuit again to measure the current at through EACH resistor. Draw it in the diagram and record each current next to the ammeter in the diagram. c. Use the voltmeter to measure the TOTAL potential difference across the circuit and the potential difference across each bulb. Draw the 4 positions of the voltmeter on your diagram, and record the values of the voltage next to the voltmeters in the diagram. d. Compare the current through each bulb to the total current. Record the pattern you observe. e. Compare the potential difference across each bulb to the total potential difference. Record the pattern you observe. Diagram and Patterns for PARALLEL Circuit Some lesson activities adapted from ALG and PUM, Etkina and Van Heuvelen, 2010 Zubrzycki: DC Circuits 2 2.3 Combo Circuit - Build a combination circuit. DIAGRAM using half of a page! a. Add an ammeter to measure the TOTAL current. Draw it in the diagram and record the total current next to the ammeter in the diagram. b. Take the ammeter out of the circuit and put it in the circuit again to measure the current at through EACH resistor. Draw it in the diagram and record each current next to the ammeter in the diagram. c. Use the voltmeter to measure the TOTAL potential difference across the circuit and the potential difference across each bulb. Draw the 4 positions of the voltmeter on your diagram, and record the values of the voltage next to the voltmeters in the diagram. d. Compare the current through each bulb to the total current. Record the pattern you observe. e. Compare the potential difference across each bulb to the total potential difference. Record the pattern you observe. Diagram and Patterns for COMBO Circuit Some lesson activities adapted from ALG and PUM, Etkina and Van Heuvelen, 2010 Zubrzycki: DC Circuits 2 Summarize your findings: Series Parallel Current through light bulbs: Current through light bulbs: Potential difference across light bulbs: Potential Difference across light bulbs: Circuit Junctions Develop a rule for the current going into and coming out of a junction. Circuits Loops Develop a rule for the potential difference of all elements in a loop. Did you know? Elements in Series: When circuit elements are connected in series, the current through each element is the same and the potential difference across the elements is the sum of the potential differences across each element: I1 = I2 = I3 = Itotal V1 + V2 + V3 = Vtotal Elements in Parallel: When circuit elements are connected in parallel, the potential difference is the same across each element and the total electric current is the sum of the currents through each element: V1 = V2 = V3 = ∆Vtotal Itotal = I1 + I2 + I3 2.4 Observe and Explain The readings of three ammeters are shown at the right. What can you say about the magnitude of the current through each of the light bulbs? Explain the pattern. A 10 mA A 10 mA A 10 mA Some lesson activities adapted from ALG and PUM, Etkina and Van Heuvelen, 2010 Zubrzycki: DC Circuits 2 2.5 Predict (a) For the diagram to the right use analogies and the ideas of potential difference and current to rank the brightness of the bulbs. List the brightest bulb first. Indicate whether any bulbs are equally bright. Explain your ratings. (b) Check your prediction using the PhET Circuit Construction Kit and write your conclusions. 1 2 3 4 2.6 Complete the following activity. a. Rank the bulbs in the circuit shown to the above according to their brightness when the switch is open. b. Now rank the bulbs in the circuit when the switch is closed. c. Predict how the brightness of each of the first three bulbs changes after the switch is closed. d. Test your prediction using the PHET Circuit Construction Kit and write your conclusions. 2.7 Answer the following in a brief paragraph: Jim says that a battery is a source of constant current. Do you agree or disagree with Jim. If you agree what arguments do you have to support his opinion? If you disagree, how can you convince Jim in you opinion. In general, what does it take to convince somebody in physics? 2.8 Using the Circuit Construction Kit, determine how connecting two or more batteries in series affects the total potential difference of the circuit. How does this differ from connecting two or more batteries in parallel? Some lesson activities adapted from ALG and PUM, Etkina and Van Heuvelen, 2010