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Aim: What characteristics defined the civilization that developed in China under its early rulers? Do Now: Ancient India Wrap-Up/Review Quiz Geography Influences Civilization • Geographic Barriers set China apart: desert, high mountain ranges, thick rainforests, Pacific Ocean • China includes varied regions: River Valley, outlying regions (ex: Mongolia) • “River of Sorrows” • Loess: fine windblown yellow soil China Under the Shang Dynasty Shang Dynasty – 1st Chinese Dynasty 1766-1122 BCE Clans – groups of families who claim a common ancestor Social Classes develop Royal Family Noble Warriors Artisans/Merchants Peasants Start here Emperor is defeated !! Rebel bands find strong leader who unites them. Attack the emperor. Poor lose respect for govt. They join rebels & attack landlords. A new dynasty comes to power. The emperor reforms the govt. & makes it more efficient. The Dynastic Cycle Droughts, floods, famines occur. Govt. increases spending; corruption. Lives of common people improved; taxes reduced; farming encouraged. Problems begin (extensive wars, invasions, etc.) Taxes increase; men forced to work for army. Farming neglected. Dynastic Cycle • Dynastic Cycle – the rise and fall of dynasties • Mandate of Heaven - a ruler’s divine right to rule The Zhou Dynasty - 1122-256 BCE Promoted idea of Mandate of Heaven to justify rebellion against Shang dynasty China developed into a feudal state Feudalism: system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other forms of support to the ruler China’s economy grew Decline: too weak to control feudal lords Religious Beliefs Develop • Early Chinese prayed to many gods and nature spirits • Shang Di – supreme god; king seen as link between people and Shang Di • Ancestry – called on ancestor’s to bring good fortune to the family • Offered them sacrifices of food and other necessities ------------------------------------------ • Later on: Confucianism and Daoism Achievements in Early China • Silk-making is discovered around 2640 BCE • Complex Writing Systems – Oracle Bones with characters (written symbols) • Calligraphy – elegant art of writing • First Chinese Books under Zhou Aim: How did powerful emperors unite much of China? Do Now: How did the Mandate of Heaven justify the changing of dynasties in China? Comparing Accounts “Cracking his long whip, he drove the universe before him, swallowing up the eastern and the western Zhou and overthrowing the feudal lords.” -Sima Qian “The Emperor…rectified the laws, by which all things are regulated, human affairs are clarified, and fathers and sons united. Being sagacious, intelligent, benevolent, and righteous, he manifested the Way and reason… All things receive his favor, and live peacefully in their own abode.” -Records of the Grand Historian Qin Dynasty • 221 BCE-206 BCE • Shi Huangdi • First Emperor • United China • Legalism: Chinese philosophy created to strengthen a state Gallery Walk Directions • 1. Ms. Rappoccio will split you into groups with each having a leader. • 2. You will get 8 minutes at each station – there are 7! When you hear the timer go off, rotate to the next station following your map. • 3. Each station has a different task for you to complete AS A GROUP. There is no individual work during this activity (with the exception of station 7). Your goal is to have a discussion at each station and work as a team to complete each activity. • 4. Once in your groups, if you have a question as you are circulating, first check with your group members for clarification and if not, call over Ms. Rappoccio. Exit Slip • Under Shi Huangdi, China saw the rise and fall of its first empire. Assess their strengths and weaknesses. Predict what will happen to China now based on the patterns we have explored. Aim: How did the Han dynasty bring about a golden age of cultural achievement? Do Now: Write down the typical characteristics of a golden age. Be prepared to discuss. The Han Dynasty (206 B.C.E – 220 C.E.) • The Han dynasty began in 206 B.C.E after the collapse of the Qin dynasty. • During the Han dynasty, China’s boundaries were expanded westward to central Asia, south to Vietnam, and east into what is now Korea. • These boundaries have more or less defined the nation of China up to the present day. Why was Han rule so longlasting? • The Han dynasty is remembered as a time of glory, unity, and peace because: • The hated laws put into place by the Qin emperors were revoked. • During the Han dynasty, China was rarely threatened by barbarians. • Confucianism spread during this period. Emperor Wudi (141 – 86 B.C.E.) • Emperor Wudi was the most powerful of the Han emperors. • He is remembered for his success in battle. • Emperor Wudi’s armies kept the Huns at bay and expanded China’s boundaries. • Emperor Wudi established Confucianism as the official state ideology of the Han. Confucianism & the Han Dynasty • Confucianism: the ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. • During Han rule, there was a renewal of learning. • Scholars were allowed to read the old Chinese classics again—the poetry and history Confucius loved and that influenced his teachings. • Emperor Wudi founded a national university in 124 B.C., where students could study the great writings of the past. The Silk Road • Emperor Wudi’s land conquests encouraged an increase in overland trade. • The Silk Road was over 4,000 miles long and connected China with Persia. • Silk was carried along this route by caravans and then traded in the markets of Syria and Asia Minor. • Buddhism came to China with traders on the Silk Road and became very popular in the late years of the Han dynasty. The Silk Road The Collapse of the Han Dynasty • China’s prosperity declined after Emperor Wudi’s reign came to an end. • The later years of the Han dynasty were characterized by disorder. • Peasants struggled financially from debts and taxes, and endured bad harvests, famine and plague. As a result, many peasants revolted. • Selfish and corrupt government officials and military leaders gained power and contributed to the ruin of Han rule. AIM: What was the importance of the Silk Road to the Ancient World? DO NOW: What do we get from the Internet? #1 GLOBALIZATIONa process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and functioning together. The internet promotes globalization in the world today. #2 SILK ROAD - a 4,000 mile trade route that stretched from China to the Fertile Crescent in southwestern Asia (opened up by the Han Dynasty) #3 MERCHANT - a person whose job is to buy, sell & trade goods. (salesman or businessman) 1. How can we compare the Silk Road to the internet of today? 2. Why do you think the Silk Road was important to global history?