Download Photosynthesis review Word Bank oxygen heterotrophs glucose

ENERGY FOR LIFE
Photosynthesis
review
 process that stores ________ from sunlight in the bonds of
__________ molecules.
Word Bank
oxygen
heterotrophs
glucose
carbon
dioxide
autotrophs
chloroplasts
energy
water
 what kind of organisms can photosynthesize? __________
 photosynthesis takes place in the ____________.
 organisms: can make their own food are ___________
 organisms: consume other organisms for food are _______.
 chemical equation for photosynthesis:
6 _______ + 6 _______ + ______  ______ + 6 _______
 ATP  ADP + P + ________
Cellular Respiration (CR) Overview
Energy from
food
Cellular
respiration
 energy released when bonds in food molecules are broken.
 calorie: energy to heat 1 g H2O by 1oC.
 Calorie: kilocalorie: used on food labels.
 process which releases energy from glucose slowly.
 occurs in ALL cells (plant and animal).
 generates ATP to power all life processes.
 inputs: glucose and oxygen
 outputs: carbon dioxide, and water and energy
Equation
glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy(heat/ATP)
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Location
 Mitochondria
 outer membrane: smooth
 intermembrane space: between outer and inner layers.
 inner membrane (cristae): folded to increase surface
area for chemical reactions
 matrix: enzymes, water, DNA and ribosomes.
3 Stages of CR  Glycolysis: in cytoplasm
 splits glucose into 2 pyruvates; releases some ATP.
 Krebs cycle: in matrix of mitochondria
 splits pyruvates; releases CO2 and some ATP.
 Electron transport chain: inner membrane of mitochondria
 uses O2; releases lots of ATP ,heat and water.
Aerobic
Anaerobic
 processes that require oxygen
 Krebs cycle and electron transport chain.
 processes that do not require oxygen
 glycolysis; fermentation
Comparison with  products of photosynthesis = reactants of cellular respiration
photosynthesis  photosynthesis: plants, algae, some bacteria

Glycolysis
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cellular respiration: all organisms.
Processes of Cellular Respiration
glyco = glucose; lysis = breakdown
occurs in cytoplasm
glucose (6C) split into 2 pyruvic acid molecules (2X3C)
cell invests 2 ATP
produces:
 2 ATP
 2 NADH (energy carriers)
 2 pyruvic acids
advantages:
 very fast (thousands of ATP in milliseconds)
 no oxygen needed
Krebs cycle
 aerobic process (only occurs if oxygen is present)
 occurs in mitochondria matrix
 pyruvic acid molecules broken down:
 CO2 (released when we exhale)
 ATP
 NAPH and FADH2 (carry energy to ETC)
Electron
Transport Chain  aerobic process
and
 occurs in folds of inner membrane of mitochondria
ATP synthase  electrons passed from protein to protein to oxygen!
 heat given off
 water produces
 32 ATP made by ATP synthase
Total ATP
Fermentation
 1 glucose = 36 ATP
 (36% of total energy in glucose)
 lipids and proteins can be broken down in CR also.
 anaerobic respiration: occurs when no oxygen is available.
 occurs in cytoplasm
 NAD+ produced so glycolysis can continue.
Alcoholic
fermentation
 yeast and some bacteria
 glucose  ethanol + carbon dioxide + NAD+
 baking and brewing industries:
 CO2 gas (makes dough rise and drinks fizzy)
 alcohol (beer, wine, other spirits)
 production of biofuels
 sewage treatment
Lactic acid
fermentation
 bacteria, fungi and most organisms
 glucose  lactic acid + carbon dioxide + NAD+
 muscle cells when not enough oxygen (leads to soreness)
 some bacteria and fungi used in food preservation:
 yoghurt, cheese, pickles, sauerkraut, kimchi, etc.
Energy and
exercise
 quick energy
 ATP already in muscles and lactic acid fermentation
 lasts for 90 seconds
 long-term energy
 aerobic cellular respiration required
 glycogen for 15-20 minutes
 break down fats, etc.