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Download Teacher guidance Explanation of terms: Unit 08 - Islam
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Teacher Resource Bank Explanation of terms GCSE Religious Studies SpeciÞcation A Unit 8 Islam These terms appear in the SpeciÞcation and so knowledge and understanding of their meaning may be required in an examination. Term DeÞnition adhan The call to prayer. adultery Sex outside marriage where one or both of the couple are already married to someone else. Allah The Islamic name for God. akhirah Everlasting life after death. Arafat A plain near to Makkah where pilgrims gather to worship, pray and ask for forgiveness. This takes place on the ninth day of the Islamic month, the day before Eid ul Adha. arranged marriage A marriage for which parents will take a leading role in choosing a marriage partner for their son or daughter. authority Power to give orders to others and expect obedience. compilation A gathering together into one book of material from more than one source. customs Accepted or habitual practice, usually long standing. Day of Judgement The day when Allah will decide about individual deeds, good and bad, and on reward of punishment. discrimination To act against someone on the basis of sex, race, religion, etc. Discrimination is usually seen as wrong. divorce Legal ending of a marriage. du’a Personal Prayer. Eid ul Adha Celebration of the Prophet Ibrahim’s willingness to sacriÞce his son for Allah. Ends the period of Hajj. Eid ul Fitr Celebration of the end of fasting after Ramadan. equality That people should be given the same rights and opportunities regardless of sex, religion, race, etc. Five Pillars The Þve pillars which support Islam by encouraging the development of good character, attitude and behaviour. Shahadah, Salah, Zakah, Sawm and Hajj. gender Another word for a person’s sex, ie male, female. Hadith Words and actions of the Prophet Muhammad. A major source of Islamic Law. hajj Annual pilgrimage to Makkah, which all Muslims must undertake at least once in their lives, unless prevented by problems over wealth or health. The Þfth pillar of Islam. halal Any action or thing which is permitted or lawful. haram Any action or thing which is forbidden. hell Eternal separation from Allah. hijab Modest dress for women – often used to mean the veil or headscarf Muslim women wear – means ‘cover’. the Hijrah The emigration of the Prophet Muhammad from Makkah to Madinah in 622 CE; the Muslim Calendar commences from this event. homosexuality A sexual relationship with someone of the same sex. imam 1. A person who leads communal prayer;. 2. In Shi’ah, the title of Ali and his successors. Copyright © 2008 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. 46924/SpecA/8 Teacher Resource Bank Explanation of terms GCSE Religious Studies SpeciÞcation A Unit 8 Islam These terms appear in the SpeciÞcation and so knowledge and understanding of their meaning may be required in an examination. Term DeÞnition Islam 1. The name of the religion followed by Muslims. 2. To surrender to the will of God. 3. Peace. Jumuah Weekly communal Salah performed after midday on a Friday. justice Bringing about what is right, fair, according to the law or making up for a wrong that has been committed. ka’aba The black covered cube-shaped building in the centre of the grand mosque in Makkah. All Muslims face towards it when they pray. lifestyle The way people live that reßects their values and attitudes. Madinah (Medina) A key city in the History of Islam, from where Muhammad travelled to Makkah in 622 CE. It is regarded as the second holiest city in Islam and is the burial place of Muhammad. madrassah A Muslim school attached to a mosque where young Muslims study Islam. Makkah (Mecca) The city where Muhammad was born. The spiritual centre of Islam, it is in Saudi Arabia. marriage A legal union between a man and a woman. mihrab A niche indicating the direction of Makkah. Mina Place to be visited on Hajj – stoning of pillars. minbar A pulpit for giving Friday sermons. modesty Unpretentious manner or appearance. mosque The Muslim place of worship. mu’adhin (muezzin) The Islamic call to prayer (the person who calls). Muslim One who has submitted to the will of Allah and has accepted Islam. Muzdalifah Place where pilgrims hold a night prayer and rest during Hajj, after the Stand on Mount Arafat. Muhammad The last and greatest of the prophets of Allah. paradise Place of perfect happiness; the afterlife. pilgrimage A journey made for religious reasons. Pillars of Islam The Þve most important duties: to believe, to pray, to give to charity, to fast and to go on pilgrimage. Shahadah, Salah, Zakah, Sawm and Hajj. polygamy Being married to more than one person at once. prejudice Unfairly judging someone before the facts are known. Holding biased opinions about an individual or group. pre-marital sex A sexual relationship which occurs before marriage takes place. prophethood Channel of communication with God (risalah). purdah An Urdu word often used to describe complete seclusion. Women covering their face and hands when in public. qiblah The direction Muslims face when praying, towards Makkah. Qur’an The Holy Book revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by the angel Jibril. Allah’s Þnal revelation to humankind. rak’ah Actions made during Salah consisting of recitations, standing, bowing and prostration. 46924/SpecA/8 Copyright © 2008 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. Teacher Resource Bank Explanation of terms GCSE Religious Studies SpeciÞcation A Unit 8 Islam These terms appear in the SpeciÞcation and so knowledge and understanding of their meaning may be required in an examination. Term DeÞnition Ramadan Month during which fasting from dawn to sunset is demanded (ninth month of the Islamic calendar). recitation The act of reciting from memory. re-marriage When people who have been married before marry again. revelation Allah shows himself to believers. risalah Prophecy. The channel of communication between God and humanity. salah Prayer with and worship of Allah, performed under the conditions set by the Prophet Muhammad – Þve times a day. The second pillar of Islam. sawm Fasting from dawn to dusk during Ramadan; sex and smoking are banned when the believer is engaged in this. The fourth pillar of Islam. shahadah Muslim declaration of faith. The Þrst pillar of Islam. Shari’ah Islamic law based directly upon the Qur’an and the Sunnah. Shi’ah (Shi’i) Muslims who believe in the Imamah, successorship of Ali. sunnah The teachings and deeds of Muhammad. Sunni Muslims who believe in the successorship of Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali. surah A division (chapter) of the Qur’an. There are 114 in all. tawhid Oneness and unity of Allah. ummah All Muslims are regarded as part of a brotherhood; the nation of Islam. Useful terms (teachers might wish to include these in the delivery of the unit) Term DeÞnition masjid The mosque. minaret In Islam, the tower of the mosque from which the muezzin calls the faithful to pray. Sadaqah Good actions or voluntary payments undertaken for charitable reasons. wudu Ablutions – ritual washing before prayer. Wuquf The stand on Mount Arafat. zakah 1. PuriÞcation of wealth by giving to the poor. 2. An act of obligatory worship for Muslims. Copyright © 2008 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. 46924/SpecA/8 Teacher Resource Bank Explanation of terms GCSE Religious Studies SpeciÞcation A Unit 8 Islam Notes: Copyright © 2008 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. The Assessment and QualiÞcations Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales (company number 3644723) and a registered charity (registered charity number 1073334). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX. Dr Michael Cresswell, Director General. 46924/SpecA/8 aqa.org.uk