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Bohr Rutherford Diagrams Learning Goals • Understand where electrons are located in various energy levels • Understand how to properly draw a Bohr Rutherford Diagram • Understand what isotopes are and how this affects their atomic mass/atomic number Anatomy of an Atom The nucleus is the central region of the atom where the protons and neutrons are found Electrons are on the outside of the nucleus and a very large distance away in “shells” (also called energy levels) The arrangement of the electrons in these shells sometimes called the electron configuration Electron Arrangement The arrangement of these electron shells follows a specific pattern: 2,8,8,2 Note: You will only be asked to draw diagrams for elements up to atomic number 20 Valence electrons are electrons located on the outer shell that are important for chemical bonding. Periods The arrangement of energy levels is based on the period on where the element is found on the periodic table Elements in the 1st period have one energy level Elements in the 2nd period have two energy levels and so on Isotopes • One or more forms of elements that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons Atomic Number- Does this change? Atomic Mass- Does this change? Practice An atom has 14 protons and 20 neutrons • What is it’s atomic number? • What is it’s approximate atomic mass? • What is the element? • What is an isotope of the element? Drawing Bohr- Rutherford Diagrams Step 1: Draw a nucleus with the number of protons and neutrons on the inside Step 2: Carbon is in the 2nd period so it has two energy levels (shells) Step 3: Draw the shell around the nucleus Drawing Bohr- Rutherford Diagrams Step 4: Add the electrons. Carbon has 6 electrons. The first shell can only hold 2 electrons. Step 5: Draw the remaining 4 electrons on the second shell. Add them one at a time starting on the right and going counter clockwise Lewis Dot Diagrams Step 1: Write element name Step 2: Draw the number of valence electrons around the element; starting on the right and going counter-clockwise Note: You will not be assessed on drawing Lewis Dot Diagrams in Grade 9, however you will be taught this in Grade 10 Homework • Fill out the example periodic table sheet with your Bohr Rutherford Diagrams Bonus: Do their Lewis Dot Diagrams • Watch video: How to Draw Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams - Potassium https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wy83UlGQpWw (this is a great explanation of how to draw the diagrams)