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BODY SYSTEMS OBJECTIVES Identify 11 Body Systems Name basic parts of body systems Name functions of body systems ORGANIZATION REVIEW Cell – basic building block of life Tissue – Same cell types performing a function Organ – Different tissues together as a unit performing related functions System – Group of organs that work together to perform similar functions Organism – Individual life form CAN YOU NAME 11 BODY SYSTEMS? 1. Integumentary. 2. Skeletal. 3. Muscular. 4. Nervous. 5. Endocrine. 6. Cardiovascular. 7. Lymphatic (& Immune System). 8. Respiratory. 9. Digestive 10. Urinary. 11. Reproductive. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Skin is the major organ The largest organ of the body (approximately 22 square feet and 10-11 pounds in adults) Functions A mechanical, chemical, and biological barrier Thermoregulation Control of the internal temperature by increasing or decreasing heat loss from the body Sensations Protects the internal environment from invasion Protects against fluid and protein loss Receptors for touch, temperature, and pain Waste elimination Production of vitamin D Accessory organs Hair Nails Sweat glands Oil glands Breasts SKELETAL SYSTEM Each bone is an organ. Over 200 bones Approximately 22 pounds of weight in a 125 pound person The joints and cartilage complete the system. Functions Supports the body Protects the organs The sites for muscle attachment The levers for movement Blood cell formation Mineral storage MUSCULAR SYSTEM Each muscle is an organ. Over 700 muscles Make up 50-63 pounds of the weight in a 125-pound adult’s weight Attach to bones Functions Contract and relax to cause movement by pulling on the bones Stabilize body position Generate heat NERVOUS SYSTEM Composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and special sense organs; one of the most complex, yet smallest systems of the body Capable of producing electrical messages for Brain communication within the body These messages can be transmitted within milliseconds. Functions Spinal Monitors internal and external environments with receptors Cord Interprets stimuli Responds to stimuli by sending an electrical message to Nerve another nerve, muscle, or gland s Thus, regulates bodily activities Special senses are taste, smell, sight, hearing and equilibrium ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Composed of glands that secrete hormones locally, or into the blood supply Examples Pineal Pituitary Hypothalamus Thyroid Parathyroids Thymus Adrenals Pancreas Testes/Ovaries Breasts Hormone-producing tissue found in other organs Hormones are chemical messengers that are released from glands, and that affect a change in some target organ. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Composed of: Heart - Pump Blood Blood vessels: Arteries - Flow away from the heart Veins - Flow toward the heart Capillaries - connects arteries and veins , Where transfer of nutrients and waste takes place The heart is a 4-chambered pump. The left side of the heart pumps blood through the arteries to the capillaries. At the capillaries, the blood releases nutrients, oxygen, and other necessary molecules into the body tissues. Also at the capillaries, the blood receives waste products, carbon dioxide, and other cellular products. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the veins. The right side of the heart pumps the blood to the lungs to release carbon dioxide and receive oxygen The blood returns to the left side of the heart to begin the process again In the course of 1 minute, all the blood in the body circulates through the heart. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (CONT.) Functions of the cardiovascular system Supplies cells with nutrients and oxygen Removes waste products from cells and delivers them for removal from the body Helps regulate the acid-base balance (pH) Helps regulate water volume Helps regulate temperature Helps defend against disease Mends damaged vessels LYMPHATIC SYSTEM (& IMMUNE SYSTEM) Composed of Spleen Thymus Lymph nodes Tonsils Lymph Lymph vessels Blood Functions Returns to the blood supply fluid and proteins that have moved out of the blood vessels Transports lipids from the small intestine to the bloodstream Houses lymphocytes that defend the body against invasion by microbes, foreign cells, toxins, and cancer cells RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Composed of Functions Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Diaphragm Brings air from the atmosphere into the lungs Warms and moistens air in the nasal cavity Transfers oxygen from the inhaled air to the blood, and receives carbon dioxide from the blood to be exhaled Helps regulate the acid-base balance (pH) Air flowing from the lungs through the vocal cords of the larynx produces sound. A healthy adult breathes in and out 12-15 times each minute, exchanging a total of 6 liters of gas per minute. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The digestive tract is composed of any structure through which ingested material passes: Accessory organs are structures that assist in the digestive processes: Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small and large intestines, Anus Teeth, Tongue, Salivary glands, Gall bladder, Liver, Pancreas Food that is eaten is not considered “in” the body until it is digested and absorbed by the digestive tract. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (CONT.) Functions Breakdown food to component parts Transport nutrients to blood stream Eliminate wastes Regulate acid-base balance (pH) URINARY SYSTEM Composed of Functions 2 kidneys 2 ureters 1 bladder 1 urethra Filters blood Eliminates wastes Regulates fluid and chemical composition of the blood Helps maintain the acid-base balance (pH) Helps maintain mineral homeostasis Produces urine Helps regulate the production of red blood cells Each day 180 liters of water are removed from the blood and 178179 liters are returned to the blood, producing 1-2 liters of urine REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS (FEMALE) Composed of: Breasts Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina Functions Produces gametes (eggs), Stores eggs, Transports eggs, Produces hormones, Nourishes and supports a developing embryo and fetus Delivers a baby REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS (MALE) Composed of Testes Epididymis Ductus deferens Prostate Urethra Penis Functions Produces gametes (sperm) Stores sperm Transports sperm Delivers sperm Produces hormones CONCLUSION Overlap One organ in multiple systems Many systems with similar functions All systems are inter-related – No system can perform its functions independent of the others Needs other systems to complete its function Its functions affect other systems Video Review
