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Information Technology and Materials Science
Merger of nanophase with microstructures
• Information is acquired through sensors
• The hottest topic in materials science is NANOeverything
• The future: Merge nanomaterials with microdevices
- cross-disciplinary (bio, chem, phys, eng, med)
- fundamentally interesting science (quantum!)
- huge commercial potential
- instant appeal - to students and the public
What is “Merger of Nano and Micro?”
“I don’t know - but I know it when I see it.”
A recent National Academy of Sciences Sackler
Colloquim focused on the topic
The next few slides give
examples of NANO science
“Shaping the world atom by atom”
Quantum corral of 48 Fe atoms on Cu. The Cu surface state
scatters and produces an oscillation in charge density (IBM)
Molecular Electronics - Non-volatile
Nanotube RAM
• Flexible nanotube ropes
• Contact made when addressed by 2
electrodes
• Switchable between 2 states
• High density 1012/cm2
C.M. Lieber, Science
Directed Assembly - Networks of
Nanostructures
• Fluid flow to align 1-D nanostructures
• Chemical patterning to give preferred bonding:
NH2-termination attracts Si, InP, and GaP
nanowires - CH3 repels
• Crossed structures can be made: junctions
C.M. Lieber, Science
Nanotube Nanotweezers
Size bar
1 micron
• Electrically
operated
• Nano-scale
manipulation
• Used to pick up
micron particles
C.M. Lieber, Science
Crossed Si nanowire transistor
• 20-50 nm dia Si
nanowires
• Self assembly into
transistor
• Much smaller junction
than current chip
technology
C.M. Lieber, Science
Nanotubes as Transistors
• Multiwalled nanotube “ropes” have
varying electrical properties
• Electrical breakdown can be used to
select the tube with correct
properties
• Transistor “tuning”
Ph. Avouris, Science
Detection of Biological and Chemical
Species
pH Sensor
Chemical functionalization of Si nanowire
C.M. Lieber, Science
Protein detection: biotin
functionalization allows
detection of streptavidin
Biologically mediated crystal growth
• Unknown protein
selectively determines
crystal phase formed
• Isolate protein+desired
crystal phase
• PCR
• Refine
• Result gives highly selective
bio-mediated crystal growth
• Large number of crystals
can now be grown
A. Belcher, Nature
Lab on a Chip
• Microfabrication
• Microfluidics
• Biomedical applications
S. Soper, M Murphy, LSU
Biomolecular Motor
• F1-ATPase motor
• Rotates in response to the
synthesis/hydrolysis of ATP
• F > 100 pN - big for such a
little guy!
C.D. Montemagno, Cornell
Integration into a cell
Polarized Luminescence
• InP nanowires
exhibit highly
polarized
luminescence
• Applications in
optical
communication
• Photonic circuitry
C.M. Lieber, Science
Nanowire Nanolasers
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ZnO nanowire arrays grown on sapphire
Each individual wire is a laser
Room temperature operation
Optical computing, information storage,
microanalysis
P. Yang, Science
Hierarchically-ordered Oxides
• Micromolding and latex-sphere
templating
• Structural ordering at multiple discrete
length scales (in this case, 10, 100, and
1000 nm)
• various compositions, silica, niobia, and
titania,
G. Whitesides, Science
Magnetic nanospheres and rods: Co
• Solution phase synthesis
• Highly controlled tight
size distribution
• Size-tunable magnetic
properties (quantum
effects)
• Spheres in spintronic
devices - hard disk
sensors
• Rods for vertical
magnetic data recording
Scale bar 100 nm
A.P. Alivisatos, Science
Colloidal Crystals: Templates for New Materials
• Almost a “lost wax” technique
• Make “crystals” of solid, hollow
or coated spheres
• Many materials possible
V.L. Colvin, Science
Nanomaterials for Information Technology
New Materials and Devices to Sense the World
• Current efforts:
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Synthesis of nano
Characterization
Assembly of nano
Integration into devices
• Sensors to provide info
• Actuators / Motors
• Analytical applications
• Leverage LSU’s
Materials Science
Capabilities
– see www.materials.lsu.edu
• Recommendation:
Nanotechnology especially
in bio / device-related