Download All You Need to Know About Bioenergetic Reactions

All You Need to Know About Bioenergetic Reactions
The Formulas – for all of these, if a reactant is missing, the reaction can’t happen. In addition, these reactions
occur with enzymes, so temperature and pH must be correct or the enzymes won’t work.
Reaction
Organisms that do this
Where this reaction takes place
Plants, algae, autotrophic
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis (light is needed!)
CO2 + H20 → C6H12O6 + O2
protists, some bacteria
Plants, Animals, Fungus...
almost all organisms use
this reaction to make ATP
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H20 + 36ATP
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
Alcohol Fermentation
produces Alcohol, CO2 and a few ATP
Lactic Acid Fermentation
produces lactic acid, CO2 and a few ATP
Mitochondria
Bacteria, Yeast
Cell cytoplasm
Humans when they run
low on O2 (during exercise)
The Organelles Involved
The Chloroplast
The Mitochondria
The chloroplast is a special organelle because the
complicated reaction of photosynthesis takes place
in it. It has DNA that tells the chloroplast what to
do. It has special structures called thylakoids to help
increase surface area so more glucose can be made.
The mitochondrion is a special organelle because the
complicated reaction of aerobic cellular respiration takes
place in it. It has DNA that tells the mitochondria what
to do. It has folded membranes called cristae to help
increase surface area so more ATP can be made.
So what the heck is ATP and why do cells need it to stay alive? ATP is the cell’s form of energy. Without
ATP, cells can’t move, repair themselves, maintain homeostasis, or get rid of toxins. When ATP (adenosine
triphosphate) loses a phosphate group, it becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate). This reaction releases energy.
When ADP gains the phosphate group back, energy is stored to be used in the future.
**The purpose of photosynthesis is to get the carbon from CO2 into a stored form of energy (C6H1206).
The purpose of aerobic cellular respiration is to take that glucose and use it to make ATP for the cell to
do work. Only autotrophs do photosynthesis but pretty much all organisms do cellular respiration**
1. What are the reactants in photosynthesis?
2. What are the products in photosynthesis?
3. Look at the picture below of an underwater plant. What is most likely making the bubbles?
4. What are the reactants in aerobic cellular respiration?
5. What are the products in aerobic cellular respiration?
6. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes?
a. Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores energy.
b. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back in.
c. Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back in.
d. Photosynthesis makes ADP, whereas cellular respiration makes ATP.
7. Aerobic cellular respiration is carried out by which of the following?
a. animals but not plants
b. heterotrophs but not autotrophs
c. animals all of the time but plants only at night
d. almost all organisms all of the time
8. Look at the lab set-up below. Yeast and sugar were put in the bottle and then a balloon was stretched across
the top. What reaction is happening? What is most likely making the balloon inflate?
9. Which of the following processes releases the most ATP per molecule of glucose for immediate cell use?
a. aerobic respiration
b. anaerobic respiration
c. chemosynthesis
d. photosynthesis
10. Can you write the formula for photosynthesis without looking on the front of this sheet?
Can you write the formula for aerobic cellular respiration without looking on the front of this sheet?