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Biology – PIG DISSECTION PRE-LAB Monday May 15, 2017 Perry High School Notebook pages: 38-39 Mr. Pomerantz_______________________________________________________________________________Page 1 of 4 Animal Body Systems Notes Objectives: ▪ Summarize the functions of the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, skeletal and excretory systems. ▪ Compare a gastro vascular cavity with a one-way digestive system. ▪ Differentiate open from closed circulatory systems. Body Systems are specialized to carry out different tasks ▪Simple animals like sponges carry out the many tasks of living with little in the cells of their body. ▪More complex animals have evolved tissues and organs that are _______________ to perform specific ________________. Body Systems are specialized to carry out different tasks Seven important functions of these tissues and organs are: ▪Digestion, Respiration, Circulation, Conduction of nerve impulses, Support, Excretion, Reproduction Digestion Purpose: __________________________________________________________________________________ ▪Sponges digest their food with their __________________ _________________ ▪Simple animals, such as flatworms, have a gastro vascular cavity: a digestive cavity with only _____ opening. ▪More complex animals, like us, have a digestive tract with _________ openings: mouth and anus. Respiration Purpose: __________________________________________________________________________________ ▪Can only take place across a _______________ surface. ▪In simple animals like jellyfish gasses are exchanged directly with their environment through _____________. ▪More complex animals have specialized respiratory structures like _____________ or _____________. Circulation Purpose: __________________________________________________________________________________ ▪There are 2 types of circulatory systems: ▪___________: heart pumps fluid containing oxygen through a series of vessels & is __________ into the _________ cavity. Conduction of nerve impulses Purpose: __________________________________________________________________________________ ▪Simple animals, like ________________, have little coordination among their nerve cells. ▪Complex animals, like ________________________, have nerve cords/ganglia & a brain. Support: Skeletal Purpose: _________________________________________________________________________________ ▪Many soft-bodied invertebrates have a _______________ skeleton made of _______________ (like a filled water balloon.) ▪Other invertebrates, such as insects & crabs, have an _________________________: a rigid external skeleton. ▪Complex animals, like dogs, have an ___________________: hard material such as bone embedded within the animal. Excretion Purpose: _______________________________________________________________ (CO2, ammonia, etc.) ▪Simple aquatic invertebrates & some fishes _______________________ their skin/gills by _______________. ▪More complex animals have specialized excretory structures like ______________________. Biology – PIG DISSECTION PRE-LAB Monday May 15, 2017 Perry High School Notebook pages: 38-39 Mr. Pomerantz_______________________________________________________________________________Page 2 of 4 Pig pre-lab questions 1. Name the five systems you will be looking for during the dissection. 2. Was the pig you are dissecting born? 3. How do you determine the age of your pig? 4. Generally speaking are mammals classified by their internal or external appearance? 5. What does the term “digit” refer to in regards to an animal? 6. What two unique characteristics distinguish animals from other vertebrates? 7. What is a “philtrum” and do people have one? 8. What are “external nares”? 9. What are the purpose of “vibrissae”? Do pig have them? 10. What are the two regions of the pig’s “trunk”? 11. Should remove all organs from the pig or only a select few? 12. What is the “oral cavity” 13. Where will you find the “soft palate” of the pig? 14. What is the purpose of the “pharynx”? 15. Where is the “epiglottis” located? 16. What tools will you use to open the abdominal cavity? 17. When you encounter bones, while cutting the thoracic cavity, do you want to cut the bone or not? Why? 18. Is the liver on the right of left side of the pig? Biology – PIG DISSECTION PRE-LAB Monday May 15, 2017 Perry High School Notebook pages: 38-39 Mr. Pomerantz_______________________________________________________________________________Page 3 of 4 19. Describe where the stomach is in the pig’s abdominal cavity. 20. What organ does the stomach lead into? 21. What is larger in diameter, the small or large intestine? 22. What is longer, the small or large intestine? 23. Where is the pancreas? 24. What type of blood do arteries carry? 25. What type of blood to veins carry? 26. The pulmonary veins run from the lungs into what organ? 27. Where will you find the following: carotid artery, jugular vein, the descending aorta? 28. Are the atrium chamber on the top or bottom half of the heart? 29. Are the ventricle chambers on the top or bottom half of the heart? 30. Where are bronchi found and what system are they a part of? 31. Where the diaphragm, what it is and what does it do? 32. Where are the kidneys found and what do they look like? 33. What organ do the renal artery and renal vein run out of? 34. What is the “cranium”? 35. What are “meninges”? 36. What is the “Longitudinal cerebral fissure”? 37. What is the purpose of the “cerebellum”? Biology – PIG DISSECTION PRE-LAB Monday May 15, 2017 Perry High School Notebook pages: 38-39 Mr. Pomerantz_______________________________________________________________________________Page 4 of 4 38. Figure 5: where is the thymus gland in relation to the heart? 39. Figure 5: where is the heart in relation to the lungs? 40. Figure 5: where is the liver in relation to the diaphragm? 41. Figure 5: where is the small intestine in relation to the large intestine? 42. Figure 5: where is the trachea in relation to the esophagus? 43. Figure 5: where is the stomach in relation to the lungs? 44. Figure 5: where is the gall bladder in relation to the liver?
