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Download PHS BIOLOGY: Study Guide – Origin Of Life, Intro to Evolution, and
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PHSBIOLOGY:StudyGuide–OriginOfLife,IntrotoEvolution,andLife’sClassification Murdock2016 Vocabulary: GeologicTime Abiogenesis ChemicalEvolution Nucleotides Self-ReplicatingRNA RNAWorldHypothesis Urey-MillerExperiment LipidMembranes Protocell Cyanobacteria(blue-greenalgae) Stromatolite Prokaryote Eukaryote Mitochondria Chloroplast TheoryofEndosymbiosis TheoryofEvolution NaturalSelection CharlesDarwin GeneticVariation DifferentialReproduction Heredity Taxonomy CharlesLinnaeus ThreeDomainsofLife Archaea Eukaryota Cladogram(PhylogenticTree) Life’sUniversalAncestor(LUA) Binomialnomenclature Taxa QuestionstoPonder: 1. Earthformed______billionyearsago(bya) 2. DescribeEarthduringit’sfirstbillionyearsofexistence. 3. Thefossilrecordshowsevidenceoflifeonthisplanetasearlyas__________bya. 4. Theoldestrecoveredfossilswereproducedbyancientorganismscalled_____________.These ancientorganismsproducestructurescalled____________whichareessentiallythefossilsthatIn otherwords,whichorganismswerethefirsttoliveonthisplanet? 5. How 6. Theoriginoflifecanbestbesummarizedaschemistryàbiology.Sequencethefollowingevents thatledtothistransformation: a. Simpleorganicmoleculessuchasnucleotides,aminoacids,andfattyacidsformed b. MorecomplexmoleculessuchasDNA,RNA,Lipids,andProteinsformedthroughchemical evolution c. Self-replicatingRNAmoleculesbecameenclosedinalipidmembraneformingthefirst protocell d. Moreefficientandstablemetabolicpathwaysevolvedformingthefirstprokaryoticcell e. Consumingprokaryoticcellsengulfedotherprokaryoticcellsformingthefirsteukaryoticcells f. EukaryoticcellsevolvedthroughNaturalSelectionwhichultimatelyledtoalllifeonplanet thathaseverexisted 7. WhatwasthesignificanceoftheUrey-MillerExperiment?Why 8. Distinguishbetweenaprotocell,prokaryote,andeukaryote. 9. DiscusstheTheoryofEndosymbiosis 10. Statethreelinesofevidencesupportingtheoryofendosymbiosis 11. Mostlifeonthisplanethasoccurredduringthelast________millionyears 12. Usingthecalendaryear,ifJanuaryfirstrepresentsearth’sformation,thenwhatdaydohuman’s showup? 13. Evolutioncanbesimplydefinedas______________with__________________. 14. Darwin’sdrivingforceormechanismbehindevolutioniscalled___________________________. 15. Acentralthemeofevolutionisthatalllifesharesa________________. 16. ExplainhoweachofthefollowingisneededforNaturalSelection: a. GeneticVariation b. DifferentialReproduction c. Heredity 17. Acladogramor________________treegroupsorganismsbasedonshared________andDNA. 18. Evolutionhasproduced____milliondifferentspeciesofwhichonly___millionhavebeen identified. 19. Ofallspecieseveridentified,mostarefromtheClass_________________. 20. Alllifeonthisplanetcanbeplacedinto___domains 21. ThethreeDomainsoflifeare: 22. WhichDomainsincludeorganismswhosecellsareprokaryotic? 23. WhichDomainoflifedohumansbelongto? 24. DidKingPhillipComeOverForGoodSoup? 25. DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies 26. Whichtaxaorgroupareusedinthebinomialnomenclaturenamingsystem? 27. Thebinomialnomenclatureforhumansis____________________. 28. WhatdoeseachbranchorforkonaCladogramrepresent? 29. Dinosaursaremostcloselyrelatedtowhichlivingorganisms? 30. Beabletointerpretthecladogrambelow. a. Whereonacladogrambelowwouldyoufindcommonancestorof b. Whereonthecladogrambelowwouldyoufindsharedtraitsofwhalesandhippos?
