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Cellular Respiration Student Notes 2014PreAP /GT I. Cellular respiration makes ______________ by breaking down _____________ and other carbon based molecules. A. There are Three Metabolic Stages of Cellular Respiration 1. ____________________________ - “_________________________” a. Anaerobic Respiration without Oxygen b. Located in the Cytoplasm c. Produces ______ ATP Molecules/Glucose 2. Krebs _________ a. Aerobic Respiration with Oxygen b. Located in the mitochondrial matrix c. Produces _____ ATP Molecules/Glucose 3. __________ ______________ __________ a. Aerobic Respiration with Oxygen b. Located in the mitochondrial inner membrane c. Produces ______ATP Molecules/Glucose The Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration is: __________ + 6____ ------ 6_____ + 6______ + 36 _______ B. Mitochondrial Structure: 1. Double __________ Energy harvesting organelle 2. Highly folded inner membranes called __________ provide increased surface area. 3. The __________ is the inner fluid space. 4. Enzymes are located free within the _________ or membrane bound II. STAGE I: GLYCOLYSIS – ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION A. Occurs in the _______________. B. The process in which __________ is broken down into 2____________ acid molecules releasing 2 molecules of ATP/Glucose. 2X Step 1. ____________ ATP molecules are used to energize a glucose molecule. The glucose molecule is split into two _________-carbon molecules. Step 2. Energized ________________ from the three-carbon molecules are transferred to molecules of _______________. A series of reactions converts the 3-carbon molecules to _____________________ which enters cellular respiration III. FERMENTATION – ANAEROBIC respiration of pyruvate A. 2 Types of Fermentation a. Alcoholic Fermentation – occurs in _________& __________ 1. Produces NAD+, _______ and Ethanol 2. Used in the production of wines, cheeses, breads b. Lactic Acid Fermentation – occurs in ____________ 1. Produces NAD+ and __________ acid 2. Causes pain in joints IV. STAGE 2: KREBS CYCLE – AEROBIC RESPIRATION a. Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix b. A process that breaks pyruvate through a series of reactions producing Electron Carrier compounds, ATP and carbon dioxide gas. c. Produces large quantities of electron carriers like _________, and __________ that go to the ________. Step 1. _______________ (from glycolysis) is broken down. Step 2. _____________________ bonds to the two-carbon molecule. This intermediate molecule enter the Krebs cycle. Step 3. ________________________ is formed. Step 4. Citric acid is broken down, and _________________ is made. Step 5. The five-carbon molecule is broken down. ____________________________ are made. Step 6. The four-carbon molecule is rearranged. ____________________________ are formed. Products from breakdown of one molecule of pyruvate: CO2 given off as a waste product ATP NADH goes to ETC FADH2 goes to ETC STAGE 5: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN – AEROBIC RESPIRATION a. Takes place in the inner ________________________ membrane b. A process that uses high electron carriers from the Krebs cycle to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. c. Produces ____________ ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. Step 1. ____________________are removed from NADH and FADH2. Step 2. _______________ ____________ are transported across the membrane. Step 3. ADP is changed into ATP when hydrogen ions flow through __________ ____________. Step 4. _________________ is formed when oxygen picks up electrons and hydrogen ions. d. What powers the proton pump? _______________________________ e. Chemiosmosis is the diffusion of _____________ across the membrane. f. Final Electron Acceptor is _________________ which forms _______________. VI. SUMMARY - The products of cellular respiration – including glycolysis --- are CO2 from the _______________ cycle and from the breakdown of pyruvate before the Krebs cycle Water from the ______________ _____________ ____________ A net gain of up to ______________ ATP molecules for every glucose molecule -______ from glycolysis, __________ from the Krebs cycle, and up to _________ from the electron transport chain.