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Chapter 19
An Age of Explorations and
Isolations, 1400-1800
Chapter 19 Section 1- Europeans
Explore the East
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European
exploration was an
important step
toward the global
interaction that
exists today.
The Renaissance
spirit of adventure
prompted
Europeans to
explore the world
around them.
Why Explore?
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Grow rich and spread
Christianity. “God,
Glory, and Gold”
The desire for new
sources of wealth was
the main reason for
European exploration.
Traders looking to
capitalize on the
growing demand for
spices/luxury goods
from Asia. (nutmeg,
ginger, cinnamon, and
pepper)
Old vs. New Spice Trade
To Asia via the Ocean…
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Finding a direct sea route to Asia enabled
Europeans to “cut out the middle man”
Technology makes sailing easier with the caravel.
(ship better suited to sail against the wind)
Portugal the first European country to establish
trading outposts along Africa.
Portugal
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Portugal takes the
lead in overseas
exploration due to
strong government
support.
Prince Henry
promoted
Portuguese
exploration and
earned the title
“The Navigator”.
Prince Henry “The Navigator”
Impact of Prince Henry
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By the time Henry died in 1460, the Portuguese
had established a series of trading ports along
western Africa’s shores.
Traded profitable items such as gold and ivory.
What’s next?
Other Portuguese Explorers
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Bartolomeu Dias reaches the Southeastern
coast of Africa. (1488)
Vasco da Gama reaches India in 1497.
The cargo that da Gama brought back was
worth 60 times the cost of the voyage.
(pepper, cinnamon)
Maps of Dias and da Gama
Dias
Da Gama
Enter the Spanish…
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The Spanish joined
the Portuguese in
overseas exploration.
1492 Christopher
Columbus reaches an
island in the
Caribbean.
Voyage would open
the way for European
colonization of the
Americas
Tensions
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Immediate impact
was the increase of
tensions between
Spain and
Portugal.
In 1494, Spain and
Portugal sign the
Treaty of
Tordesillas.
Chapter 19 Section 2
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Advances under Ming/Qing dynasties left
China uninterested in European contact.
China resisted interaction with outsiders to
preserve their culture.
China becomes dominate power under the
Ming Dynasty. (1368-1644)
The Ming Dynasty
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Hongwu (1368-1398)
Drove Mongols out of
China.
1st Ming Emperor
Reforms aimed at
promoting China’s
power and prosperity.
(agriculture)
Had problems later in
rule. (Suspected plots,
killed thousands of
governmental officials)
The Ming Dynasty
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Yonglo (Hongwu’s son)
Continued Hongwu’s policies.
Moved Royal Court to Beijing
Before the Europeans in 1405, Yonglo led
7 voyages to show the power of the Ming
dynasty. (1488-Dias, 1498-Gama)
Voyages of Zheng He
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Chinese Muslim admiral that led the 7 voyages
under Yonglo.
Voyages involved as many as 300 ships and
crews numbered 27,000 or more.
The fleet sailed from port to port along the Indian
Ocean.
After the 7th voyage in 1433, China withdrew
into isolation
Map of Zheng He
Fall of the Ming Dynasty
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By 1600, the Ming had ruled for more
than 200 years, and the dynasty was
weakening.
Problems (ineffective rulers, corrupt
officials, government out of money)
In 1644, the Manchus invaded China and
the Ming Dynasty collapsed.
Qing Dynasty
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They took a
Chinese name for
their dynasty, the
Qing dynasty.
Qing dynasty would
rule for more than
260 years and
expand China’s
border.
The Qing upheld
China’s traditional
Confucian beliefs
and social
structures.
Chinese Isolation
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To the Chinese, their country had
been the cultural center of the
universe for 2,000 years.
If foreign states wished to trade with
China, they would have to follow
China’s rules.