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The Discovery of LSD z Acronym is from the German, LysergSaure-Diethylamid. z Properties discovered in 1938 but recreational usage occurred during 1960s z Impact on society: Fashion Music Art The Discovery of LSD zFirst isolated from the dark purplish The Discovery of LSD sclerotium, sclerotium, or ergot of the fungus Claviceps purpurea. Ergot (=Sclerotium) zAlbert Hofmann, chemist, Sandoz Laboratories, in Basel, Switzerland. The Discovery of LSD zAlbert Hofmann isolated lysergic acid and synthesized LSD-25 from it. Hofmann first experienced LSD in 1943 through inadvertent contact. A “pleasant experience”. A few days later Hofmann tried it again! 1 LSD Revolution LSD Revolution zCame about inadvertently: OSS and later CIA looking for truth inducing compound for interrogation purpose. Settled on LSD as most promising candidate and experimented Funded secret research at various universities. LSD Revolution z Gordon Wasson in “magic” mushroom ceremony. From LIFE magazine article, 1957. LSD Revolution zCame about inadvertently: Included Harvard University where Timothy Leary and Richard Albert were on faculty. Richard Albert became Ram Dass in 1967 z Timothy Leary and Gordon Wasson, the former influenced Leary’s interest in psychedelics. LSD Revolution zCame about inadvertently: Both dismissed from Harvard in 1963. LSD Revolution zCame about inadvertently: Leary and Albert continued to promote LSD usage. Set up Castalia Institute to continue his studies. Timothy Leary and Richard Albert in 1963 Founded League of Spiritual Discovery to legalize LSD. 2 LSD Revolution zCame about inadvertently: Leary and Albert continued to promote LSD usage. Went on tour as LSD advocate. “Turn on, Tune in, Drop out.” Leary (1967), in San Francisco. Despite Leary’s influence, did not have impact on music Impact of LSD on Music Became volunteer for drug testing experiment in Menlo Park (CIA operation). Led to exposure to various psychedelic drugs. Inspiration for his most well known writing, “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest”. Impact of LSD on Music Trace LSD impact on music, specifically psychedelic music, to Ken Kesey. An Olympic caliber wrestler. Awarded fellowship in creative writing to attend Stanford. Impact of LSD on Music Kesey started his own experiments with mind altering drugs, i.e. LSD. The Acid Test: Party where people went to take acid, sometimes without their knowledge. Began the psychedelic movement and hippies of the 1960’s. Hippie? What’s That? Hippies: Youth movement (15-25) of the counterculture, during the 1960’s and 70’s. Rebelled against authority and morals of the time: Ken Kesey: Author and LSD advocate, originated “Acid Test” Rejected “establishment” Anti-war, i.e. Vietnam Championed sexual liberation Promoted psychedelic drugs. 3 Hippies? What’s That? Led to many changes in society. Hippies? What’s That? Changes in other genre of music, i.e. folk. Impact of LSD on Music During these acid test parties, a “house band” called the Warlocks provided the music. They would later changed their names to The Grateful Dead. Meanwhile, at the same time, in Virginia City, Nevada, in the Red Dog Saloon, “acid parties” were also going on. Impact of LSD on Music Chandler Laughlin and friends created “The Red Dog Experience” with then unknown musical acts: Jefferson Airplane Big Brother and the Holding Company (featuring Janis Joplin). The Charlatan Quicksilver Messenger Service And many more The Grateful Dead, one of the first psychedelic rock groups. Impact of LSD on Music Owsley Stanley, chemist, provided LSD. It was at this time that: First light shows used during music. Experimentation with LSD. The Charlatan became the first band to play loaded with LSD. 4 Impact of LSD on Music Psychedelic music or “Acid Rock” originated independently in at least two places at same time. Kesey and Laughlin eventually got together for bigger concerts in San Francisco: Impact of LSD on Music “San Francisco Groups” Longshoreman’s Hall Avalon Ballroom Fillmore Auditorium Impact of LSD on Music z Following closely behind the Grateful Dead was the Jefferson Airplanes. Impact of LSD on Music “San Francisco Groups” First album, Surrealistic Pillow included White Rabbit, Rabbit A drug induced version of Alice in Wonderland? Impact of LSD on Music Acid rock would eventually spread throughout the western world. Groups beyond San Francisco began using LSD and composing and playing Acid Rock: The Doors Jimi Hendrix Beatles and other pop groups Impact of LSD on Music z The Doors. Doors How The Doors got their name. Ray Manzarek : From Aldous Huxley’s Doors of Perception: Perception Morrison story by John Densmore: 5 Impact of LSD on Music Jimi Hendrix Impact of LSD on Music z If you made a list, one of the top psychedelic groups would have to include Cream. Cream Ginger Baker Eric Clapton Jack Bruce Impact of LSD on Music Impact of LSD on Music Impact of LSD on Music Impact of LSD on Music “Pop” to Acid Rock “Come together” written by John Lennon for Timothy Leary. zDid LSD really help?. Warlocks (Grateful Dead) played during acid test. Jerry Garcia: Dennis McNally (biographer of Grateful Dead: “Pop” to Acid Rock z Most did not agree with Jerry Garcia concerning LSD and performing and writing music. Donovan’s opinion: z Impact on rock music? David Quanta, narrator of “History of Psychedelia” Very simplistic in theme 6 Impact of LSD on Music z LSD encouraged experimentation to music once very limited in its scope: Country Joe (McDonald) and The Fish Paul Kantor of Jefferson Airplane Donovan Chris Dreja of The Yardbirds Transition to Psychedelic z Transition to psychedelia obvious in some rock bands, e.g. The Beatles. Impact of LSD on Music z Not everyone achieved desirable state when taking LSD. Pink Floyd Joe Boyd, producer for Pink Floyd, on Syd Barrett: Roger Walters, member of Pink Floyd, on Syd Barrett: Similarly, Roky Erickson of The 13th Floor Elevator, suffered from schizophrenia resulting from LSD. Transition to Psychedelic z Abrupt transition came in Revolver album. album z Last cut, Tomorrow Never Knows “Turn off your mind and float down stream” “The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead” – Timothy Leary Transition to Psychedelic z Album followed by release of singles: Strawberry Fields Forever. z Later followed by Sergeant Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. Included the controversial Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds. Interpretation incorrect. Paul McCartney: End of 60’s Psychedelia z As the 60’s came to an end, many musicians were turning away from LSD. The Beatles, Beach Boys, Donovan, and Bob Dylan all became disciples of the Marahishi. 7 End of 60’s Psychedelia z The end of 60’s psychedelia: According to Dennis McNally: According to Joe Boyd: Impact on Fashion Prior to this time, no fashion for young people. One fashion fits all. Some change in 1950’s Impact on Fashion Fashion of 1960’s. Impact on Fashion Part of hippie rebellion was own identity, which included their own fashion. San Francisco Fox Theater closed. Hippies bought up costumes. Other clothing from second hand stores. Native American and other ethnic clothing. Impact on Fashion 1950’s to early 60’s fashion Impact on Fashion Fashion of 1960’s. 8 Impact on Fashion Eventually became absorbed into mainstream fashion. Art Psychedelic Art z With psychedelic music came psychedelic art. First art were the posters advertising the concerts: Psychedelic Art z More posters: Psychedelic Art z More posters: Psychedelic Art z With psychedelic music came psychedelic art. Record album covers soon followed: 9 Psychedelic Art z With psychedelic music came psychedelic art. More album covers: Psychedelic Art z Eventually becoming an art form of its own: 10