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Chapter 13: The Civil War
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"Modern" War
Many innovation helped improve how
wars are fought. included railroads,
factories, shelling, and bombing
"Peace
Democrats"
Opposed the war and called for reuniting
the states through negotiation rather than
force
"Stonewall"
Jackson
Confederate general who earned his
nickname for standing firm at Bull Run
"Total War"
The channeling of a nation's entire
resources into a war effort.
54th
Massachusetts
Most famous African American unit that
fought exceptionally well at the Battle of
Fort Wagner. The unit was formed after
some prompting by Frederick Douglas, and
their efforts helped to convince Lincoln to
expand the role of black troops in the Civil
War.
Abraham
Lincoln
16th president of the United States; helped
preserve the United States by leading the
defeat of the secessionist Confederacy; an
outspoken opponent of the expansion of
slavery.
Ambrose
Burnside
General who replaced McClellan. He
resigned his command voluntarily after his
failure at the battle of Fredericksburg
Appomattox
Courthouse
April 1865, the Virginia town where Robert
E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in
1865, ending the Civil War
Army of the
Potomac
Name for the major Union force deployed
near Washington, commanded by General
McClellan during the Civil War.
16.
blockade
An action taken to isolate an enemy and cut
off its supplies
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Clara Barton
Known as the "Angel of the Battlefield"
Nurse during the Civil War; started the
American Red Cross
David
Farragut
Union naval admiral whose fleet captured
New Orleans and Baton Rouge
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Dorethea Dix
Organized large numbers of women to
become military nurses for the union
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Draft
Required military service
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Draft Riots
Mob violence opposing conscription laws
during the Civil War; the most violent
occurred in New York City (July 1863).
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Emancipation
The freeing of enslaved people
Emancipation
Proclamation,
Issued by Abraham Lincoln on September
22, 1862. It declared that all slaves in the
confederate states would be free
First Battle of
Bull Run.
First "real" battle of the Civil War, it was
expected by Union officials to be short but
ended up a Confederate victory
George
McClellan
Union general, 1st commander, overly
cautious, fired by Lincoln
Gettysburg
Address
Speech given by Abraham Lincoln which
captured the spirit of liberty and morality
ideally held by citizens of a democracy. That
ideal was threatened by the Civil War.
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hardtack
A hard, dry biscuit that lasts a long time
without spoiling
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Ironclad
Warship covered with protective iron plates
John Wilkes
Booth
United States actor and assassin of President
Lincoln
Lincoln's
Assassination
Took place on Good Friday, April 14, 1865,
when President Abraham Lincoln was shot
while attending a performance of Our
American Cousin at Ford's Theatre
Mary Chesnut
Influential southern woman who kept a diary
of her life on the Confederate home front
Monitor vs.
the
Merrimack
Naval Battle between two ironclad ships
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Rebel Yell
Bloodcurdling scream used by the
Confederates to cause panic among the
Union soldiers
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Rebels
Confederate soldiers
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Robert E. Lee
Confederate general who had opposed
secession but did not believe the Union
should be held together by force
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Battle of
Antietam
1862, a Union victory in the Civil War that
marked the bloodiest single-day battle in
U.S. military history
Battle of
Chancellorsville
Three day battle where Lee and Jackson
defeated the Union; after the battle,
nervous Confederate soldiers shot and
fatally wounded Stonewall Jackson
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Battle of
Fredericksburg
December 13,1862, was one of the worst
Union disasters of the war
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Battle of
Gettysburg
Largest battle of the Civil War, usually
considered the turning point for the North
Battle of Shiloh
The second great battle of the War (1862),
the battle ended with the withdrawal of
Confederate troops but it was not a Union
victory.
Battle of
Vicksburg
1863, Union gains control of Mississippi,
confederacy split in two, Grant takes lead
of Union armies, total war begins
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Sherman's March to
the sea
1864--1865 total destruction campaign from Atlanta to the coast, towns destroyed, railroad ties wrapped
around trees, crops burned.
Thirteenth
Amendment.
Abolished slavery everywhere in the United States
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Ulysses S. Grant
Overall commander of the Union army at the end of the Civil War
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William T. Sherman
Famous for his March to the Sea and for waging total war against civilians, Union Commander
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Yankees
Union soldiers
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