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Please have your “Lincoln Crossroads” packet
and mind maps out
Civil War 1861-65
• How did Executive power increase during the
Civil War? (#4) Put examples on top of note
sheet
Business to take care of:
1. Have mind map and rubric out
2. Have Lincoln Crossroads out
1. Put answer for #4 on the top of today’s note
sheet
3. Vote for top three mind maps on a sheet of
paper (not yours)
4. Hand all 3 in separately
5. HW: Unit 4 Summary (multiple choice test
Thursday)
The Union and Confederacy
Confederate President Jefferson Davis
Union President Abraham Lincoln
LINCOLN’S FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
• I hold, that in contemplation of
universal law, and of the
Constitution, the Union of these
States is perpetual. Perpetuity is
implied, if not expressed, in the
fundamental law of all national
governments. It is safe to assert that
no government proper, ever had a
provision in its organic law for its
own termination.
• Goal in War: preserve the Union
April 1861- Sumter
Advantages, Disadvantages
North strategy- “Anaconda”
• Blockade:
– No exports of cotton; economy strangled
– No imports of food, materials
• Mississippi
– Cut Confederacy in 2
• Richmond
– The capital
Northern strategy: “Anaconda”
1. Blockade
2. Mississippi
3. Richmond
Confederate strategy
1. Defensive war; prepare and wait for attack
– All they have to do is “not lose”
2. “War of attrition”
– Inflict continuous casualties on Northern attackers
– North will lose the will to fight
3. Europe will side with them (cotton)
– Cut off trade in 61- HUGE blunder
18th century tactics + 19th century
technology= massive casualties
• (Antietam- 23,000 casualties in one day;
– Gettysburg: @ 5,800 dead- Iraq and Afghanistan5,281 dead)
1862- Battle of Antietam/
Emancipation
• 1861- 1862- Robert E. Lee and Confederate
Army defeat Union attempts at taking
Richmond…
Under Confederate General Robert E. Lee
• Late summer ’62- Army on a roll…
• INVADE NORTH (MD); victory would…
– Start uprising in Maryland
– Convince Europe to support South
– Get food for army
Union
• Doesn’t know where Lee is…
• Secret plans found on cigar
Antietam
•
•
•
•
40,000 Confederates
100,000 Union
September 1862
Northern Maryland
1st 3 hours, 12,000 total casualties
By day’s end
• 12,000 Union casualties
• 14,000 Confederate casualties
September 17, 1862
• Sept. 17, 1862=Bloodiest Day in U.S. History23,000 casualties
– 3,654 Dead
– 2nd Bloodiest=Sept. 11, 2001 (3,056)
Antietam National Cemetary
Lee’s retreat
•
•
•
•
1/3 of Confederate Army casualties
Retreats (limps) back to south
Invasion a failure
Northern “victory”
Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln
– Has his victory- in a position of strength
– Issues Emancipation Proclamation Nov. ’62
• Ultimatum to Confederacy – “On the first day
of January (1863), all persons held as slaves
within any State in rebellion against the
United States, shall be forever free…”
• Issued “by virtue of the power in me vested as
Commander in chief”
Lincoln: Why not free the slaves? 4 reasons:
1.
#1 Objective: save the Union, not free slaves
1.
Political/ Military- Border states (MI, KY, DE,
MD) may secede
1.
May seem an act of desperation
1.
Legal- Does not have the Constitutional right
to do so?
***How does this solve all 4 problems
above?
• After 1/1 1863, war turns into one over
slavery
July 1863- turning point of the war:
Grant in the west…
• All that’s left is Vicksburg on Mississippi
Vicksburg was
high on a bluff
at a bend in the
Mississippi;
Gunboats were
useless
Vicksburg
Bend in the
Mississippi
Grant’s risky campaign
• March to May 1863
– Crosses Miss. South of V’burg
– 3 week campaign cut off from supplies…
– Attacks Jackson first
Seige of Vicksburg, May- July 1863
• 2,800 shells a day for 47 days; (on average, one every 30 secs)
• Starvation…. Dogs…. Horses….. Mules…… shoe leather
• July 4, 1863- 30,000 Confederates surrender
Statue of Grant at Vicksburg
today
Summer 1863- The turning point of the
war
• Gettysburg
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6UWgqMnY-Y
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ALyq3seK2g
• The speech
Importance of 1863
• July 3, 1863- Lee retreats from G’burg
– Weakened army of Northern Virginia will never
threaten Union soil again
• July 4, 1863- Vicksburg surrendered
– Mississippi River now in Union hands
Nov. 1863- the Gettysburg Address
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2a-S3rjDBw