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PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1 Chapter 19 The Hip and Pelvis ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2 Objectives • Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: – Explain the importance of the hip and pelvis as a support structure for the human body – Describe the skeletal structure of the hip and pelvis – List the primary muscles of the hip and pelvis – Describe common injuries associated with the hip and pelvis ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 33 The Hip and Pelvis • The hip is one of the most stable joints in the body – Well protected and surrounded by muscle – Freely movable, ball-and-socket joint ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 44 The Hip and Pelvis (cont’d.) • The pelvis: – Provides attachments for various muscles that attach onto and control the lower limbs – Houses parts of the digestive and urinary tracts – Houses reproductive systems ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 55 The Hip and Pelvis (cont’d.) • Skeletal structure of the pelvis: – Ilium – Sacrum – Ischium – Pubis – Coccyx ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 66 Common Injuries and Conditions of the Hip and Thigh • Bursitis – Commonly seen in athletes who do not sufficiently stretch and warm up the outside of the hip • Symptoms: tenderness • Treatment: limiting activity, stretching exercises, and ice massage, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medicines ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 77 Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Hip fracture – Break of the top part of the femur where it connects to the pelvis • Symptoms: severe hip pain • Treatment: highly individualized ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 88 Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Quadriceps and hip flexor strains – Common in sports requiring jumping, kicking, or repetitive sprinting • Treatment: icing, compression with an elastic wrap, and anti-inflammatory medications • Rehabilitation: progressive and sport specific ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 99 Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Hamstring strains – Mild or moderate damage in the muscle tissue – Completely tearing the muscles or separating them from connective tendons is a hamstring tear • Symptoms: sharp pain in the back of the thigh, bruising, swelling, loss of strength, and hearing a “pop” • Treatment: RICE, medication, and physical therapy and rehabilitation ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1010 Animation – Hamstring Strain Click Here to Play Hamstring Strain Animation ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 11 Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Adductor (groin) strains – Common in sports requiring sudden sideways changes in direction • Treatment: rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications, adductor stretching and strengthening exercises ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1212 Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Iliotibial band syndrome – Inflammation of iliotibial band • Symptoms: irritation over the outside of the knee joint • Treatment: rule out mechanical problems or training errors, proper footwear, icing the area of pain, and stretching ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1313 Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Quadriceps contusions – Usually caused by a direct blow to the thigh • Treatment: compression, ice (applied during the first 24 to 48 hours), and crutches ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1414 Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Myositis ossificans – Usually the result of recurrent trauma to a quadricep muscle that was not properly protected after an initial injury • Symptoms: hard, painful mass in the soft tissue of the thigh and progressive loss of bending motion of the injured knee • Treatment: heat, limitation of joint motion, rehabilitative exercises within the limits of pain; surgery may be necessary ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1515 Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Iliac crest contusion – Painful injury caused by a direct blow to the hip • Symptoms: extreme tenderness, swelling, and ecchymosis over the iliac crest • Treatment: ice and compression ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1616 Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Overuse injuries – Cumulative effect of very low levels of stress – Include chronic muscle strains, stress fractures, tendonitis, snapping hip, and bursitis • Treatment: rest and exercise different body parts ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1717 Injuries and Conditions (cont’d.) • Stress fractures: – Pelvis stress fractures occur most often in runners and dancers – Femur stress fractures usually occur in runners • Symptoms: chronic, ill-defined pain over the groin and thigh • Treatment: rest and nonweight-bearing endurance exercises ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1818 Conclusion • The hip is a stable joint that is well protected and surrounded by muscle on all sides • The pelvis is made up of several flattened bones that function as a support structure • Injuries to the hip and thigh are very common in athletics ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1919