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Human Communication 101
Exercise:
Personal Definition of Communication
1. Write your own personal definition of
Communication
2. Choose a partner and Share your
definitions with each other
3. Work together to create one definition
of communication that you both agree
is comprehensive
4. Be prepared to share your definition
with the class
Our Definition of
Communication
Communication is the
process of creating
shared meaning
between two parties,
not just transmitting
your own
© 2011 Cengage Learning
AND
AXIOMS of
Human
Communication
AXIOMS of COMMUNICATION
Axioms are Foundational Truths
that undergird our study and
approach to Human
Communication – regardless of
the communication setting
1. Humans are
Communicative Beings
• Humans are relational beings
– We journey from a state of dependency to
independence and, ultimately, to a state of
interdependence
– Life is interactive: We navigate our journey
through constant interactions (relationships)
with other people
• Communication is the currency we use
on that journey
2. All Human Behavior is
Communicative
YOU CANNOT NOT COMMUNICATE
Human beings are always sending
messages from which
others draw inferences or meaning
3. Communication
is a Purposeful Activity
• We communicate to develop and maintain
relationships.
• We communicate to exchange information.
• We communicate to influence others.
• We communicate to entertain
• We communicate to commemorate
4. Communication Is
Guided by Culture
• Culture – The system of knowledge, beliefs,
and values shared by a relatively large group
of people.
• All communication is influenced by
CULTURE
• Our communication is formed and interpreted
through the cultural framework of each
participant.
5. Communication is
Irreversible and has Effects
• Every utterance has consequences and
effects once it is made – once it’s out
there, it’s out there
• You can extend, clarify, mitigate, or
apologize for what you have said, but you
can never take it back.
6. Communication Has an
Ethical Dimension
• Ethics – a set of cultural principles that
guide what we should expect in our
communication interactions with each other:
– Truthfulness
– Integrity
– Fairness
– Respect
– Freedom of Expression
7. Communication Is Learned
Just as you learned to walk, so
too, you learned to communicate.
Communication is a skill that can be taught,
learned, developed, and mastered
Communication Settings
• INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
• Communication between two people whose
purpose is to define, maintain, and grow their
relationship
Communication Settings
• GROUP COMMUNIUCATION
• Communication between 3 to 20 people who come
together to accomplish a defined purpose – work,
problem solve, plan a presentation.
Communication Settings
• PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
• Communication in which one person delivers a
message to audience of listeners
The Public Speaking Model
Objective
The
Public
Speaking
Process
Observable
Conditions
1.
2.
Speaker
3
Noise / Interference
Context / Situation
Context
• The situation in which communication
takes place.
– Physical Space
– Social
– Historical
– Cultural
– Occasion
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Participants
• The individuals involved in
communication.
– Speaker the source of the message
• She/he has something to say
– Receiver  the target of the message
• The audience for the speaker’s message
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Message
• The information that will be conveyed by
the speaker to the audience
– ENCODING
• the process of transforming a speaker’s thoughts
into the message that will be conveyed
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Channels
• The mode by which the message is sent.
– Oral channel
– Aural channel
– Visual / Nonverbal channel
– Mediated / electronic channel
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Feedback
• Reactions and responses to a message
that indicate whether and how the
message was heard.
»Did the audience
understand what the
speaker wanted them to
understand?
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Interference (Noise)
• Anything that hinders, interrupts, or
disrupts the process of sharing meaning.
– Physical Noise (External)
– Psychological / Emotional Noise
– Cultural Interference
– Semantic Interference (Meaning)
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Objectives and Outcomes
Every speaker has a specific objective that
compels him/her to speak and a desired
outcome based on his/her words
Your desired outcome (SUCCESS) will
only come about if you successfully
create shared meaning with your
audience!
The goal of this course
is to enhance your
COMMUNICATION
COMPETENCE so
that you can
successfully
communicate with an
audience
Definition of Communication Competence
The ability to be effective &
appropriate in your
communication with others
• Communication is effective when it achieves its goals
• Communication is appropriate when it conforms
to what is expected in a situation.
Developing Communication Competence
• Your level of Communication Competence is directly
related to your level of Communication Confidence
• Your Communicator Confidence is directly
related to your training and experience