Download Integumentary System - Montgomery County Public Schools

Anatomy
Study of the body
Physiology
Study of how the body functions
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Cells smallest unit of life
Tissues groups of cells with similar functions
Organs groups of tissues with similar functions
Systems group of organs with similar functions
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
What does
a group of
systems
make?
A living organism or Human
QUESTION…..
What is the largest organ of the
human body?
THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
 The skin
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Covers the whole body as a continuous layer
Complex combination of tissues
Largest organ of the body
3000 square inches
 One square inch
 20 blood vessels
 78 nerves
 78 sensors for heat
 13 sensors for cold
 1300 nerve endings
 19, 500, 000 cells
 ½ million cells dying and being replaced
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
 Protection
Barrier against microbes, dirt, chemicals; shock absorber
 Water balance
Prevents loss of water and absorption
 Temperature regulation
Blood vessels near surface vasodilate (get bigger) and vasoconstrict (get smaller)
 Waste disposal
Excretion of oil, water, Na+, Co2
 Receptor organs
Sensations of touch, pain, heat, cold, pressure
 Vitamin D production
Uses UV rays from the sun to forma n initial molecule of Vit D….which then matures in
the liver
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
 Epidermis
Out layer
Complete regeneration in 35 days
 Dermis
True skin
Strong, flexible
Framework of elastic connective tissue and blood vessels
fingerprints
 Subcutaneous tissue
Innermost layer
Fatty tissue
Connects skin to underlying muscles
GLANDS OF THE SKIN
 Ceruminous
Ear wax
 Sudoriferous
Sweat glands
Basically odorless until it interacts with bacteria on the skin….then….body odor
Sweating (perspiration) removes excess water from the body and cools the body
as the sweat evaporates
 Sebaceous
Oil glands
Produce sebum, an oil that keeps the skin and hair from becoming dry and
brittle
When oil gland becomes plugged= pimples!
ACCESSORY ORGANS
Nails
Dead cells in the
epidermis that are
packed closely together
Hair
Root + hair shaft
SKIN COLOR
 Pigments
Melanin
Only pigment made in the skin
Yellow to reddish brown to black
Racial differences—kind and amount of melanin made
Local accumulations—freckles, pigmented moles
Carotene
Yellow to orange
Obvious in palms and soles of feet
ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
Erythema: RED
Congestion of blood in vessels
Burns
Embarrassment
Fever
Hypertension
Inflammation
Allergy
ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
Pallor (blanching, pale)
Emotional stress
Anemia
Low blood pressure
ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
 Jaundice
Liver disorder
Gallbladder disorder
Presence of bile in the blood
Diseases involving the destruction of RBC’s
What disease did we talk about that would cause
jaundice?
Hep C
ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
 Cyanosis
Insufficient oxygen in tissues
Who might we see this in?
Patients with respiratory diseases
Infants
Drowning victims
ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
 Vitiligo
Loss of pigment in
certain areas
What celebrity said he
suffered from this
disease?
ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
 Albinism
Absence of pigment
ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
 Bruises (contusion)
Blood escapes the vessels and clots beneath the
skin
Hematoma
Hemophelia
Anemia
Leukemia
SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS
 Acne
Overactive secretion of sebaceous glands
Treatment
Thorough washing
Steroid creams
UV light treatment
Avoidance of certain foods
Chemical face peels
Dermabrasion
SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS
 Eczema
Vesicles on reddened skin that burst and
weep….then crusts
Treatment
Antihistamines
Steroids
Wet dressings
Starch baths
Tranquilizers
***stress can aggravate condition
SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS
 Urticaria
Hives…..allergy or emotional stress
Treatment
Steroids
antihistamines
SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS
 Impetigo
Erythema, vesicles with sticky yellow crusts
Infection with staph or strep
VERY contagious
Treatment
Remove crusts
Apply antibiotic ointment
SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS
 Decubitus Ulcers
Bed sores
Pressure
Decreased circulation to a specific area
High occurrence in long term care facilities
HEALTH CAREERS RELATED TO THE SKIN
Allergist
Dermatologist
Plastic surgeon
REVIEW
The most basic unit of life is
The cell
REVIEW
The skin is made of three layers….what
are they?
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue
REVIEW
How does the skin provide protection?
Barrier against microbes/bacteria
Shock absorber
REVIEW
What is the only pigment made in the skin?
Melanin
REVIEW
This is a collection of blood beneath the skin
bruise