Download Quality Assurance 2010 - Nebraska 4-H

GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #1
“Establish a herd/flock health management plan.”
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Should include:
Working with your veterinarian
 Regular animal evaluation and observation
 Biosecurity
 Rodent / Pest Control Plan
 Cleaning and disinfecting tools and facilities
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GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #1
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Biosecurity
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Preventative measures
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Reduce Risk
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Procedures to prevent animal health concerns
Plans to reduce the spread of disease through your herd and
neighboring herds
Record Keeping
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Maintain records of treatment and movement of livestock
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #2
“Develop a Veterinarian / Client / Patient
Relationship (VCPR)
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Why have a VCPR?
Provide advise for animal health practice and plans
 Assist with animal health diagnosis
 Provide assistance with prescription drugs or overthe-counter drug
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WHAT IS NEEDED FOR A VCPR?

The veterinarian must:
Have assumed the responsibility for making medical
judgments regarding the health of the animal(s) and
the need for medical treatment
 Have working knowledge of the animal and/or
operation
 Be readily available for follow-up and consultation
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The owner / caretaker of the animals must:
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agree to follow instructions of the veterinarian
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #2
Medications
 Over The Counter (OTC) v.s. Prescription
OTC – Any medication that can be purchased legally
without a veterinarian’s prescription
 Prescription – Any medication requiring a
veterinarian’s authorization for purchase
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Why Prescription?
Margin of Safety – Animals and People
 Difficulty identifying disease being treated
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GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #2
Drug Use
 Labeled Use – Using the medication EXACTLY
as it is specified on the label.
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Off Label Use – Using medication in a manner
other than what is stated on the label “without”
veterinarian guidance.
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Legal!
ILLEGAL!!!
Extra Label Use – using medication WITH a
VETERINARIAN prescription in a matter other
than what’s on the label.
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Legal!
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #2
Maximum Residue Level (MRL)
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Approved by the Food and Drug Administration
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Maximum amount of drug that may be allowed in the
animal’s tissues at harvest that will have no risk to
public health

MRL may vary for countries outside the United
States
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #3
“Use Antibiotics Responsibly”
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Keep antibiotic use as good as “GOLD”
 Generate a plan for disease prevention
 Observe for early signs of disease
 Listen and follow veterinary advice
 Deliver the best medication, dose and duration of
treatment
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #3
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Antibiotics are made by microorganisms
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Antibiotics are used for:
Disease treatment
 Disease prevention
 Improve nutritional efficiency
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GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #3
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Principles and Guidelines
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Take steps to decrease the need for antibiotics
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Determine the advantages and disadvantages of
using antibiotics
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Always use professional veterinary input
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Only use antibiotics following an appropriate
diagnosis
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #3
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Principles and Guidelines
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Limit antibiotic treatment to sick or at-risk animals
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Antibiotics that are important in treating antibiotic
resistant infections in human or veterinary medicine
should be used in animals after careful review and
reasonable justification

Proper handling, storage and disposal of medicated
feed is important
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #4
“Identify and track all treated animals”
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Animal Identification
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Premise Identification
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National Animal Identification System (NAIS)
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Country of Origin Labeling (COOL)
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #4

Permanent Identification
Hot or Freeze Branding (Cattle)
 Tattoo (Cattle, Dairy, Rabbits, Goats, Sheep)
 Ear Notching (Swine, Cattle)
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Temporary Identification
Paint Marker
 Ear Tags (Cattle, Dairy, Sheep, Swine, Goats)
 Brisket Tags (Cattle, Dairy)
 Leg Bands (Poultry, Dairy Cattle)
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SWINE NOTCHING ACTIVITY
Right
Ear
Left
Ear
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #4
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Identification of treated animals
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It is important to be able to identify an animal after
you have treated it for keeping records and
recognizing the animal again.

You should write down the animal’s identification
number.

You may choose to use different forms of
identification for medicated animals.
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #4
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Premise Identification
Voluntary (Required by some Processing Facilities)
 Online Registration Form
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http://www.twinforksclinic.com/PDFs/NE%20Premise%20I
D%20Form.pdf
Information Required
Operation / Producer Name
 Address
 Contact Information
 Legal Description of Premise

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FREE
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #4
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Flock Identification
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Mandatory
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Used to reduce the risk of disease
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Such as Scrapies
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #4
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National Animal Identification System (NAIS)
Standardize animal identification programs and
practices to all livestock species and poultry
 NAIS Components

Animal Identification
 Premise Identification
 Animal Tracking
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Long Term Goal
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Be capable of “identifying all livestock and premises that
have had direct contact with a disease of concern within 48
hours after discovery”
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #4
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Country of Origin Labeling (COOL)
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Implemented September 30, 2008
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Consumer Driven to ensure product safety
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Animal Origin and Traceability
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Birth to Consumers Purchase
TRACEABILITY
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #5
“Maintain Medication and Treatment Records”
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Treatment Records Should Include:
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Date Treated
Animal Identification
Product Used
Dosage or Amount Used
Route of Administration and Location
Who Administered the Medication
Withdrawal Time and Date
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #5
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Withdrawal Time
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Withdrawal time is the amount of time needed for a
drug to be broken down by the animal’s body, so
there will be no chance of drug residue in the tissue.

Maximum Residue Levels (MRL)
Approved by the Food and Drug Administration
 Maximum amount of drug that may be allowed in the
animal’s tissues at harvest that will have no risk to public
health
 MRL may vary for countries outside the United States

GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #5
Calculating Withdrawal Time
 Calculating withdrawal time (Label indicates 7
days)
Date and time of last injection: January 1 at 8:00
a.m.
 Withdrawal time is: January 8 at 8:00 a.m.

Jan 2 @ 8 a.m. = 1 day
 Jan 3 @ 8 a.m. = 2 days
 Jan 4 @ 8 a.m. = 3 days
 Jan 5 @ 8 a.m. = 4 days
 Jan 6 @ 8 a.m. = 5 days
 Jan 7 @ 8 a.m. = 6 days
 Jan 8 @ 8 a.m. = 7 days
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GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #6
“Understanding Medication and Drug Labels”
Treatment Indications
Product Name
Active Ingr.
Dosage
Labeled Species
Cautions & Withdrawal Time
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #7
“Using Proper Techniques with Medication
Administration”
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Understand and Use:
Proper Administration Procedures
 Proper Equipment
 Proper Administration Locations
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GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #7
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Administration of Medication
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Subcutaneous Injections ( SubQ )
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Intramuscular Injections ( IM )
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Under the skin / hide
Injection into the Muscle Tissue
Intravenous Injection ( IV )
Injection into the Vein
 Performed by a Veterinarian
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GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #7
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Administration of Medication
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Intranasal ( IN )
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Topical
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Sprayed into Nasal Cavity
Pour-on, Dips, Sprays, Powders
Oral Medication
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Through food, water or drench
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #7
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Injection Equipment
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Use sterile needles
Use clean syringes
NEVER use a bent or broken needle
Clean reusable syringes properly
Dispose of used needles in Sharps Container
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #7
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Administration Locations
NEVER give
injections in the
rump or hind leg
or in the loin
area!
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #7
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Administration Locations
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Beef and Dairy Cattle should not be given more than
10 cc per injection site
Young beef and dairy should not be given more than
5 cc per injection site
Sheep, goats and swine should not be given more
than 5 cc per injection site
Baby pigs should not be given more than 1 – 2 cc per
injection site
Small animals range from 2 – 3 cc per injection site.
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #8
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Feed Mixing
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“Follow appropriate feed mixing and diet developing
procedures”
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #8
Keep buildings and grounds neat and clean
 Maintain and clean equipment
 Organize feed workspace and storage
 Develop guidelines to assure quality feeds
 Read and understand all medicated feed labels
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Extra-label Use of feed medication is ILLEGAL!
Maintain good feed records and inventories
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #9
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“Train all animal caretakers on all Good
Production Practices”
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Training all caretakers in your operation is
important to insure the best care is given for the
well-being of all livestock / animals.
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #9
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Contact Information
How to contact owner
 How to contact veterinarian
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Animal Information
Species and number of animals
 Location of animals
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Feeding / Watering Instructions
Feed storage area
 Feed and water amounts
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Observation and General Health Care
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Medication if necessary
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #10
“Provide Proper Care to Improve Animal WellBeing”
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Record Keeping
Emergency Support
Daily Observation
Animal Evaluation
Facilities, Animal Movement and Transportation
Timely Euthanasia
GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #10
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Record Keeping
Record Keeping includes documentation of a
Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship (VCPR),
medication and treatment records, and caretaker
training records
 The FDA suggests that food animal producers keep
medication records for 12 months after the animal is
marketed.
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GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #10
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Emergency Support
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In case of an emergency, quick communication is
important. You may include contact information for:
Veterinarian
 Fire Department
 Facility Owner
 Equipment Supplier
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GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #10
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Daily Observation
Daily observation and animal care are key factors to
addressing animal health and well-being and facility
or management issues.
 Daily observation can also help to assess the
effectiveness of health and nutrition programs, the
suitability of facilities and the quality of caretakers.
 Daily observation helps ensure that sick animals do
not go unnoticed and that your animals’ caretakers
are doing their job.
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GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #10
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Animal Evaluation

The production performance of an animal can often
be an indicator of the well-being of the animal. Some
production performance measures to track include:
Average Daily Gain
 Average amount of weight an animal gains each day
 Feed Efficiency
 Pounds of weight gained per pound of feed consumed
 Mortality Rates
 Death loss
 Body Condition
 Are useful to assess the adequacy of the nutrition
program and to help visually identify animals that may
require additional attention
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GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #10
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Facilities
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You need to make sure the following items are well
maintained to prevent injuries and/or allow proper
growth of animals:
Penning materials are appropriate for species
 Pen space appropriate for number of animals
 Feeders and feed delivery system
 Waterers
 Flooring
 Alleyways
 Chutes
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GOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICE #10
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Timely Euthanasia
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Human Safety: The method must not put you or
others at unnecessary risk
Animal Well-being: The method should minimize
any pain or distress on the animal
Practicality / Technical Skill Requirements: The
method should be easily learned and repeatable with
the same expected outcome
Cost: The method should be economical for you to
use to ensure it is used when needed
Aesthetics: The method should not be objectionable
to the person administering the procedure
UNDERSTANDING
ANIMALS’:
FLIGHT ZONE
Comfort Zone
BLIND SPOT
Range of Vision
POINT OF BALANCE
Movement
SUMMARY OF ASSURING QUALITY
Promise to always strive to produce the highest
quality product you can
 Develop a strong VCPR
 Follow the Good Production Practices
 Remember YOU are important to the future of
the livestock industry
 Be proud of what you do for agriculture!
 Help to educate others
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YOUTH AWARENESS ON ANIMAL WELFARE
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Animal welfare:

Humans may use animals for their benefit, as a
result, humans have a responsibility to care for them
and treat them with respect
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A code of ethics and standards for the human raising and
use of animals
Animal rights:
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Not acceptable to use animals for human benefit; for
food, clothing, work, research, companionship, or
entertainment
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Human rights=animal rights
QUALITY ASSURANCE AND ANIMAL
WELFARE

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Quality Assurance was developed because
consumers wanted to know the products they
were getting from animals were wholesome, safe,
and properly cared for
You are a youth exhibitor, but you are also a
producer

The public will view and make opinions about what
you do at livestock shows, and relate it to how the
whole livestock industry is viewed
KEEP IN MIND…
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You are responsible for the care and well-being of
your animals
Take pride in the fact that you believe in animal
welfare as the right thing to do
You are producing a safe, wholesome, and
palatable food products for consumers