Download Tissues and membranes - Mrs. Hud`s Wacky World of Biology

Chapter 4 Notes
A
group of cells are called tissues
 4 main types of tissue
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Epithelial tissue- protects the body by covering
internal and external surfaces. Shape: columnar,
cubical or plate like
Connective tissue- supports and connects organs
and tissue
Muscle tissue- contains cell material which has
the ability to contract and move the body.
Shape: long and spindle like in order to contract
Nervous tissue- contains cells that react to
stimuli and conduct an impulse
 Membrane-
formed by putting 2 thin layers of
tissue together
 Can be epithelial or connective
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Epithelial membranes
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Mucous membranes
Serous membranes
Cutaneous membrane (skin)
Connective membranes
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Synovial membrane
 Line
surfaces and spaces that lead to the
outside of the body
 Lines the respiratory, digestive,
reproductive, and urinary systems
 Provides mucus that lubricates the lining
 Respiratory mucosa
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Lines respiratory passages
 Gastric
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mucosa
Lines the stomach
 Intestinal
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mucosa
Lines the small and large intestines
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Double-walled membrane that produces a water fluid
and lines closed body cavities
Fluid produced is called serous fluid
Parietal membrane is the outer part of the membrane
that lines the cavity
Visceral membrane is the part that covers the organs
within the cavity
Pleural membrane
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Pericardial membrane
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Lines the thoracic cavity and protects the lungs. Fluid is
called pleural fluid
Lines the heart and protects the heart. Fluid is called
pericardial fluid
Peritoneal membrane
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Lines abdominal cavity and protects abdominal organs.
Fluid is called peritoneal fluid
 Consist
of two layers of connective tissue
 Synovial membrane
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Lines joint cavities
Secrete synovial fluid which prevents friction
inside the joint cavity
Organ- group of tissues
 Organ system- group of related organs
 10 organ systems in the human body
 Body systems include:
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Skeletal
Muscular
Digestive
Respiratory
Circulatory
Excretory
Nervous
Endocrine
Reproductive
Integumentary
Tissue can be affected by infection or
inflammation
 Inflammation- protective response to an injury
or irritant. Results in pain, swelling, redness,
and loss of motion
 Infection- refers to the invasion of a
microorganism causing disease. Usually results
in inflammation
 Trauma
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Resulting from an external force will cause tissue
damage and injury
 Most frequent cause of injury is car accidents
 Abnormal growth of cells can alter tissue and cause
damage and trauma
 Birth defects can impair tissue
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 Repair
of damaged tissues occurs continually
under everyday activities of living
 Depending on the type and location of injury
some tissue is quickly repaired
 Muscle tissue heals slowly and bone tissue
repairs are slow because broken bone ends
must be kept aligned and immobilized until
the repair is done
 Heart muscle tissue does not repair itself
 Nerve cells destroyed by infection or injury
do not grow back
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types of epithelial tissue repair
Primary repair
Secondary repair
 Takes
place in “clean” wounds
 Clean wound- a cut or incision on the skin
where infection is not present
 New epithelial cells push themselves toward
the surface of the skin
 Wound is quickly restored to normal
 If damage is over a large area connective
tissue cells and fibroblasts are involved
 If
a large area of skin is damaged, fluid will
escape from broken capillaries
 Fluid dries and seals the wound with a scab
 Epithelial cells multiply at the edges of the
scab and continue to grow over the damaged
area until it is covered
 If a deep area of skin is destroyed, skin grafts
may be needed to help in wound healing
 Primary repair of deep tissues
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When damage occurs to deep tissues, the edges
of the wound must be sewn together with sutures
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Granulation occurs in a large open wound with small
or large tissue loss
This process forms new vertically upstanding blood
vessels
Granulation causes the surface to have a pebbly type
texture
As granulation occurs a fluid is secreted that has
strong bactericidal properties that helps reduce the
risk of infection during wound healing
Scar tissue (cicatrix) will usually form depending on
the extend of tissue damage.
Newly growing tissues require lots of protein for
repair
Some vitamins also play an essential role in wound
repair