Download Healthy Body Notes

How Our Body Works
• The body is organized into systems that work
together and depend on each other.
• The nervous system:
▫ Includes the brain and sense organs
▫ Gathers and responds to information about the
environment.
▫ Directs many body functions such as movement
How the Body Works
• Digestive System:
▫ Includes mouth and stomach
▫ Takes food and breaks it down into smaller
molecules that can be used by cells
• The Circulatory System:
▫ Includes the heart and blood
▫ Delivers the molecules in the body to the cells that
need them.
How the Body Works
• Respiratory System:
▫ Includes the lungs
▫ Cells need oxygen to perform cellular respiration
▫ Takes in oxygen from the air and passes it to the
circulatory system. The circulatory system
transports the oxygen to cells.
• Both circulatory and respiratory system get rid
of materials the body doesn’t need.
▫ Circulatory system carries carbon dioxide and
wastes away from cells
▫ Respiratory system releases carbon dioxide and
water vapor to the air
Food and Health
• The food you eat contains a variety of
nutrients.
• Starches:
▫ Potatoes, pasta, and bread
▫ Help with energy for the body
• Proteins:
▫ Meats, fish, cheese, beans, dairy
products
▫ Helps for building materials in the body
Food and Health
• Vitamins and Minerals
▫ Help body function properly
▫ Found in fruits and vegetables
• Lipids
▫ Can provide energy and help with growth
▫ Includes fats and oils
▫ Foods fried in oil or butter contain large
amounts of lipids
Food and Health
• Eating a diet that has a good variety of
nutrients will give the body the energy it
needs
• If a person eats more nutrients than needed
it could cause them to become overweight.
• This could cause damage to the heart and
other health problems.
How to Stay Healthy
• Fruits and vegetables should make up
most of a person’s diet.
• Regular exercise is important. It keeps the
heart and muscles strong.
• Exercise uses energy from the food you
eat, which can help maintain a healthy
weight
Tobacco and Your Health
• Tobacco products are toxic and cause
harm to the body.
• When people smoke cigarettes they intake
carbon monoxide. When this enters the
body it interferes with the ability for blood
to carry oxygen to the body.
Tobacco
• Tar from cigarette smoke affects the
lining of the respiratory system making it
harder to get rid of waste from the body.
• Tar and tobacco contain substances that
cause cancer to the lungs, mouth, throat,
and stomach.
Tobacco and Health
• Smoking causes emphysema which reduces the ability
for the lungs to absorb oxygen.
• Using tobacco causes the body to absorb nicotine.
People become addicted to nicotine which makes it
difficult to quit smoking.
• Secondhand smoke also causes health problems
especially in children.
• Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are
more likely to have asthma and respiratory infections.
Alcohol, Drugs, and Health
• A drug is a substance that causes change
in a person’s body or behavior.
• Some drugs are useful substances when
used correctly.
• The use of a drug in an unhelpful way is
called drug abuse
Alcohol, Drugs and Health
• Drugs affect the body in many ways.
• Many drugs affect the nervous system:
loss of appetite or nervousness.
• Long term affects of drug abuse are brain
damage, memory loss, heart and liver
damage.
Alcohol, Drugs, and Health
• Alcohol is considered a drug because it is often
abused.
• Alcohol affects judgment and causes people to
react slowly.
• Accidents are increased when people drink and
drive.
• Alcohol is involved in almost 1/3 of deaths
caused by car accidents.